• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2016

본 연구는 고강도 섬유보강 시멘트 복합체(UHSCC) 접착성능을 평가하는 것이 목적이다. Direct shear test를 통해 압축전단접착강도를 측정한 결과 NC(보통강도콘크리트)+NC 실험체($150{\times}150{\times}150mm$)에서는 모든 수준에서 유사한 압축전당접착강도를 나타내었고, 반면 UHSCC+UHSCC에서는 지연타설 30분 후부터 0분에 비해 압축전단접착강도가 낮아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통한 접착면의 파괴모드를 분석한 결과 NC+NC 에서는 모든 수준에서 비계면 파괴를 보였고 UHSCC+UHSCC에서는 30분, 60분, 90분 시험체에서 계면파괴가 일어났다. NC 및 UHSCC의 타설면을 XRD 시험을 통해 분석한 결과 NC 시험체에 비해 UHSCC의 시험체 에서 많은량의 $SiO_2$의 성분이 검출되는 것을 알 수 있었고 UHSCC에서 나타난 코팅막의 주성분의 대부분은 $SiO_2$로 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구에서 사용된 UHSCC는 지연타설 30분 후 부터는 접착성능의 저하로 구조체로서의 사용이 어렵다고 판단된다. 금후 연구에서는 콜드조인트 발생 부위의 면처리 방법을 통한 접착성능 향상이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.373-378
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• 2003

With increasing environmental concerns, application of lead-free solder and fluxless soldering process have been taken attention from the electronic packaging industry. Plasma treatment is one of the soldering methods for the fluxless soldering, and it can prevent environmental pollution cased by flux. On this study fluxless soldering process under $Ar-H_2$plasma using lead free solders such as Sn-3.5 wt%Ag, Sn-3.5 wt%Ag-0.7 wt%Cu and Sn-37%Pb for a reference was investigated. As the plasma reflow has higher soldering temperature than normal air reflow, the effects of UBM(Under Bump Metallization) thickness on the interfacial reaction and bonding strength can be critical. Experimental results showed in case of the thin UBM, Au(20 nm)/Cu(0.3 $\mu\textrm{m}$)/Ni(0.4 $\mu\textrm{m}$)/Al(0.4 $\mu\textrm{m}$), shear strength of the soldered joint was relatively low as 19-27㎫, and it's caused by the crack observed along the bonded interface. The crack was believed to be produced by the exhaustion of the thin UBM-layer due to the excessive reaction with solder under plasma. However, in case of thick UBM, Au(20 nm)/Cu(4 $\mu\textrm{m}$)/Ni(4 $\mu\textrm{m}$)/Al(0.4 $\mu\textrm{m}$), the bonded interface was sound without any crack and shear strength gives 32∼42㎫. Thus, by increasing UBM thickness in this study the shear strength can be improved to 50∼70%. Fluxed reflow soldering under hot air was also carried out for a reference, and the shear strength was 48∼52㎫. Consequently the fluxless soldering with plasma showed around 65∼80% as those of fluxed air reflow, and the possibility of the $Ar-H_2$ plasma reflow was evaluated.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2000

금속간 화합물의 두께와 솔더와 금속간 화합물의 계면 거칠기가 Cu pad위의 BGA솔더 조인트의 전단강도에 미치는 영향을 Sn (0. 1.5, 2.5wt.% Cu)와 Sn-40Pb (0, 0.5wt.% Cu) 솔더를 사용하여 알아보았다. 각각의 조성의 솔더를 사용하여 솔더링 반응을 1, 2 ,4분 동안 한 후 전단강도를 측정하였다. Sn솔더에 Cu 첨가는 초기 금속간 화합물의 두께를 증가시키는 결과를 가져오는 반면 Sn-40Pb 솔더의 경우에는 주로 금속간 화합물/솔더의 계면거칠기의 감소를 가져오게 된다. 최대 전단 강도값을 나타내는 금속간 화합물의 임계두께는 솔더의 물질에 따라 변하게 되는데, 본 실험에서는 Sn-Cu솔더의 경우에는 ~2.3 $\mu\textrm{m}$, Sn-Pb-Cu에서는 ~ 1.2 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 정도로 측정되었다. 금속간 화합물의 임계두께는 금속간 화합물/솔더의 계면이 더욱 거칠어질수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 파단면 관찰에서 나타난 초기의 솔더내에서의 파괴가 금속간 화합물이 임계두께 이상으로 성장함에 금속간 화합물/솔더의 계면으로 이동하는 결과와 일치한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.575-598
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• 2013

The study presents the results of an experimental program concerning the shear force transfer between reinforced concrete (RC) jackets and existing columns with damages. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the repair method applied and the contribution of each shear transfer mechanism of the interface. It includes 22 concrete columns (core) (of 24,37MPa concrete strength) with square section (150mm side, 500 mm height and scale 1:2). Ten columns had initial construction damages and twelve were subjected to initial axial load. Sixteen columns have full jacketing at all four faces with 80mm thickness (of 31,7MPa concrete strength) and contain longitudinal bars (of 500MPa nominal strength) and closed stirrups spaced at 25mm, 50mm or 100mm (of 220MPa nominal strength). Fourteen of them contain dowels at the interface between old and new concrete. All columns were subjected to repeated (pseudo-seismic) axial compression with increasing deformation cycles up to failure with or without jacketing. Two load patterns were selected to examine the difference of the behavior of columns. The effects of the initial damages, of the reinforcement of the interface (dowels) and of the confinement generated by the stirrups are investigated through axial- deformation (slip) diagrams and the energy absorbed diagrams. The results indicate that the initial damages affect the total behavior of the column and the capacity of the interface to shear mechanisms and to slip: a) the maximum bearing load of old column is decreased affecting at the same time the loading capacity of the jacketed element, b) suitable repair of initially damaged specimens increases the capacity of the jacketed column to transfer load through the interface.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2007

폐타이어의 트레드를 지반보강재로서 활용하기 위해서는 타이어 외면 및 내면과 흙간의 내부마찰각 그리고 폐타이어 연결부의 강도특성을 알아야 한다. 본 연구에서는 폐타이어 트레드와 모래 및 풍화토간의 접촉면마찰각을 알기 위해 흙의 다짐정도를 달리하여 대형직접전단시험을 수행하였다. 직접전단시험 결과 모래-타이어 외면간의 마찰각비(${\delta}/{\phi}$)는 1.06배 이상, 모래-트레드 내면간의 ${\delta}/{\phi}$는 0.93배 이상, 풍화토의 마찰각비(${\delta}/{\phi}$)는 트레드 외면과 내면에 대하여 각각 0.98, 0.92로 나타났다. 또한 UTM을 이용하여 폐타이어 연결부의 재료에 따른 인장강도시험을 수행하였다. 시험 결과 고장력 볼트를 사용한 인장시험에서 볼트의 개수 및 와셔의 크기가 증가할수록 연결부에서의 인장강도는 증가하였으며 폴리프로필렌 로프 연결의 경우가 볼트연결의 경우보다 작은 강도를 나타내었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 DSC를 이용한 구성방정식을 이용하여 토목섬유 사이의 접촉전단 응력과 변위와의 관계를 모델링하였다. DSC 모델은 두 개의 기준 상태, 즉 상대적으로 손상되지 않은 RI 상태와 완전히 파괴된 FA 상태와 한가지의 교란 함수로 구성된다. 본 모델은 통합된 모델로서, RI 상태를 탄성-완전 소성 모델, 계층적 단일 항복곡면 (HiSS) 모델 등 다양한 모델을 이용하여 모사할 수 있다. 한편 본 모델은 탄성과 소성 변위를 동시에 고려할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 4가지의 대형 직접전단 시험으로부터 측정된 자료와 측정자료로부터 도출된 모델 변수를 이용하여 재해석한 결과를 서로 비교하여, 둘 사이의 비교 결과가 상당히 일치함을 발견하였으며, 특히 표면이 매끄러운 지오멤브레인의 접촉면에서는 매우 상관관계를 보였다. 비록 표면이 거친 지오멤브레인이 포함된 접촉면에서는 예측 최대 전단강도가 실험결과와 약간의 차이를 보이기는 하였지만, 전체적으로 본 모델이 최대 전단응력이 나타나는 변위점과 대변형에서의 전단강도를 상당히 정확히 예측하였으며, 이를 통해 본 모델이 변형율 연화 현상을 보이는 접촉면 전단거동의 모델링에 유용함을 확인하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.449-474
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro shear bond strengths to enamel and the failure sites of three ceramic brackets and one metal bracket in combination with light cured orthodontic adhesive. The brackets were divided into four groups. Each ceramic bracket group had different bonding mechanisms with adhesive. Group A; metal bracket with foil-mesh base (control group) Group B; ceramic bracket with micromechanical retention Group C; ceramic bracket with chemical bonding Group D; ceramic bracket with mechanical retention and chemical bonding. Forty extracted human lower first premolars were prepared for bonding and 10 brackets for each group were bonded to prepared enamel surfaces with $Transbond^{\circledR}$ light cured ortho dontic adhesive. Twenty four hours after bonding, the Instron universal testing machine was used to test the shear bond strength of brackets to enamel. After debonding, brackets and enamel surfaces were examined under stereoscopic microscope to determine the failure sites, Statistical analysis of the data was carried out with ANOVA test and $Scheff\acute{e}$ test using SPSS PC+. The results were as follows. 1 . There were statistically significant differences in mean shear bond strengths of three ceramic bracket groups (p < 0.05). Shear bond strengths of group C and D were significantly higher than that of group B and shear bond strength of group C was significantly higher than that of group D. 2. Group C and D both had significantly higher shear bond strengths than metal bracket (group A), but there were no significant differences in shear bond strengths between group A and B (p < 0.05). 3. The failure sites of four bracket groups were also different. Group C and D failed primarily at enamel-adhesive interface, but group A and B failed primarily at bracket base-adhesive interface. 4. Among all ceramic bracket groups, group B was very similar to metal bracket in the aspect of shear bond strength and failure site.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.560-567
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• 2009

This paper was designed to estimate the adhesion strength of galvannealed coatings on steel sheets. The adhesion strength were evaluated using single lap - shear tests where the lap joint was bonded by structural adhesive. Tests were performed for overlap length of 5mm, 10mm and 15 mm and three directions (0, 45, 90) of steel sheets used as the adherend of the overlap joint. After the tests, FE simulations of the single lap-shear test were also carried out to observe the stress distribution in the interface between the adhesive and the coated sheet. The results showed that the joint failure loads obtained from the tensile tests of bonded single lap-joints were the same, regardless of overlap lengths and directions of steel sheets. Also, the failure of galvannealed coatings greatly depended on shear stress distribution in the interface and the value was about 30MPa.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.837-851
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• 2020

This study aims to examine the interface shear behavior between precast high-strength concrete slabs with pockets and steel beam to achieve accelerated bridge construction (ABC). Twenty-six push-out specimens, with different stud height, stud diameter, stud arrangement, deck thickness, the infilling concrete strength in shear pocket (different types of concrete), steel fiber volume of the infilling concrete in shear pocket concrete and casting method, were tested in this investigation. Based on the experimental results, this study suggests that the larger stud diameter and higher strength concrete promoted the shear capacity and stiffness but with the losing of ductility. The addition of steel fiber in pocket concrete would promote the ductility effectively, but without apparent improvement of bearing capacity or even declining the initial stiffness of specimens. It can also be confirmed that the precast steel-concrete composite structure can be adopted in practice engineering, with an acceptable ductility (6.74 mm) and minor decline of stiffness (4.93%) and shear capacity (0.98%). Due to the inapplicability of current design provision, a more accurate model was proposed, which can be used for predicting the interface shear capacity well for specimens with wide ranges of the stud diameters (from13 mm to 30 mm) and the concrete strength (from 26 MPa to 200 MPa).

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2000

A new type of retrof=t anchor bolt that uses deformed reinforcing bars and a commercial adhesive was developed and then an experimental study was carried out to determine the behavior of the anchors in direct shear. The steel-to-concl몫ete interface was tested. Plain concrete slabs with about 20-MPa compressive strength were used for 23 direct shear tests performed Test variables were anchor diameters (D16, D22. and D29) and edge effect. Three different shear tests were completed: simple shear, edge shear where anchors were pulled against the concrete core, and edge shear where anchors were pushed against the concrete cover In the simple and the edge shear tests where the anchors were pulled against the core, the theoretical dowel strength determined by (equation omitted) was achieved but with relatively large displacements. The shear resistances increased with the increasing displacements. In the edge shear test where the anchors were pushrd against the cover, the peak shear strengths signif=cantly lower than the theoretical dowel strength were determined due to cracks developed in concrete when the edge distance was 80 mm. The peak strengths were about 50% of the dowel strength for Dl6 bar. and about 25% or less of the dowel strength for D22 and D29 bars. Test results revealed that the edge shear where the anchor was pushed against the cover controled.