• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.373-378
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• 2007

최근 들어 햅틱 분야는 디지털 콘텐츠를 만질 수 있게 촉감을 제공함으로써 의학, 교육, 군사, 엔터테인먼트, 방송 분야 등에서 널리 연구되고 있다. 그러나 햅틱 분야가 사용자에게 시청각 정보와 더불어 추가적인 촉감을 제공함으로써 보다 실감 있고 자연스러운 상호작용을 제공하는 등 여러 가지 장점을 가진 것에 비해 아직은 일반 사용자들에게 생소한 분야다. 그 이유 중 하나로 촉감 상호작용이 가능한 콘텐츠의 부재를 들 수 있다. 또한 최근에 가상환경(Virtual Environment, VR)에 관심이 증가 되고, 가상환경에 햅틱이라는 기술을 접목시키는 시도가 많이 일어나고 있어서, 촉감 모델링에 대한 욕구 또한 증대 되고 있다. 일반적으로 촉감 모델링은 Material properties를 가지고 있는 그래픽 모델들로 구성이 된다. 그래픽 모델링은 일반적인 모델링툴 (MAYA, 3D MAX, 기타 등)으로 할 수 있다. 하지만 촉감 관련된 촉감 모델들은 콘텐츠를 제작한 이후에 일일이 수작업으로 넣어 주어야 한다. 그래픽 모델링에서는 사용자가 직접 눈으로 확인 하면서 작업을 이루어 지기 때문에 직관적으로 이루어질 수 있다. 이와 비슷하게 촉감 모델링은 직관적인 모델링을 하기 위해서 사용자가 직접 촉감을 느껴 보면서 진행이 되어야 한다. 또한 그래픽 모델링과 촉감 모델링이 동시에 진행이 되지 않기 때문에 촉감 콘텐츠를 만드는데 시간이 많이 걸리게 되고 직관적이지 못하는 단점이 있다. 더 나아가서 이런 촉감 모델링을 포함한 모델링 높은 생산성을 위해서 신속히 이루어져야 한다. 이런 이유들 때문에 촉감 모델링을 위한 새로운 인터페이스가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 촉감 상호작용이 가능한 촉감 콘텐츠를 직관적으로 생성하고 조작할 수 있게 하는 촉감 모델러를 기술한다. 촉감 모델러에서 사용자는 3 자유도 촉감 장치를 사용하여 3 차원의 콘텐츠 (정적 이거나 동적이거나 Deformation이 가능한 2D, 2.5D, 3D Scene)를 실시간으로 만져보면서 생성, 조작할 수 있는 촉감 사용자 인터페이스 (Haptic User Interface, HUI)를 통해서 콘텐츠의 표면 촉감 특성을 직관적으로 편집할 수 있다. 촉감 사용자인터페이스는 마우스로 조작하는 기존의 2 차원 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스를 포함하여 3 차원으로 사용자 인터페이스도 추가되어 있고 그 형태는 촉감 장치로 조작할 수 있는 버튼, 라디오버튼, 슬라이더, 조이스틱의 구성요소로 이루어져있다. 사용자는 각각의 구성요소를 조작하여 콘텐츠의 표면 촉감 특성 값을 바꾸고 촉감 사용자 인터페이스의 한 부분을 만져 그 촉감을 실시간으로 느껴봄으로써 직관적으로 특성 값을 정할 수 있다. 또한, XML 기반의 파일포맷을 제공함으로써 생성된 콘텐츠를 저장할 수 있고 저장된 콘텐츠를 불러오거나 다른 콘텐츠에 추가할 수 있다. 이러한 시스템은 햅틱이라는 분야를 잘 모르는 사람들도 직관적으로 촉감 모델링을 하는데 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2004

The current industrial development and the increase of population in Daecheong Reservoir basin have produced a rapid increase of wastewater discharge. This has resulted in problem of water quality control and management. Although many efforts have been carried out, reservoir water quality has not significantly improved. In this sense, the development of water quality management system is required to improve reservoir water quality. The goal of this study is to design a GIS-based water quality management system for the scientific water quality control and management in the Daecheong Reservoir. For general water quality analysis, WASP5 model was applied to the Daecheong Reservoir. A sensitivity analysis was made to determine significant parameters and an optimization was made to estimate optimal values. The calibration and verification were performed by using observed water quality data for Daecheong Reservoir. A water quality management system for Daecheong Reservoir was made by connecting the WASP5 model to ArcView. It allows a Windows-based Graphic User Interface(GUI) to implement all operation with regard to water quality analysis. The proposed water quality management system has capability for the on-line data process including water quality simulation, and has a post processor far the reasonable visualization for various output. The modeling system in this study will be an efficient NGIS(National Geographic Information System) far planning of reservoir water quality management.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2012

The research on the FPGA CAD tools in academia has been lacking practicality due to the underlying FPGA fabric architecture which is too simple and inefficient to be applied for commercial FPGAs. Recently, the database of placement positions and routing graphs on commercial FPGA architectures has been built, and provided for enabling the academic development of placement and routing tools. To extend the limit of academic CAD tools even further, we have developed the evaluation toolkit for the K-FPGA architecture which is under development. By providing interface for exchanging data with a commercial FPGA toolkit at every step of mapping, packing, placement and routing in the tool chain, the toolkit enables individual tools to be developed without waiting for the results of the preceding step, and with no dependency on the quality of the results, and compared in detail with commercial tools at any step. Also, the fabric primitive library is developed by extracting the prototype from a reporting file of a commercial FPGA, restructuring it, and modeling the behavior of basic gates. This library can be used as the benchmarking target, and a reference design for new FPGA architectures. Since the architecture is described in a standard HDL which is familiar with hardware designers, and read in the tools rather than hard coded, the tools are "data-driven", and tolerable with the architectural changes due to the design space exploration. The experiments confirm that the developed library is correct, and the functional correctness of applications implemented on the FPGA fabric can be validated by simulation. The placement and routing tools are under development. The completion of the toolkit will enable the development of practical FPGA architectures which, in return, will synergically animate the research on optimization CAD tools.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

As requirements of embedded system get complicated, the tool for analyzing the reliability of embedded software is being needed. A probabilistic modeling is used as the way of analyzing the reliability of a software and to apply it to embedded software controlling multiple devices. So, it is necessary to specialize that to embedded software. Also, existing reliability analyzers should measure the transition probability of each condition in different ways and doesn't consider reusing the model once used. In this paper, we suggest a reliability analyzer for embedded software using embedded software Markov chin model and a unit testing tool. Embedded software Markov chain model is model specializing Markov chain model which is used for analyzing reliability to an embedded software. And a unit testing tool has host-target structure which is appropriate to development environment of embedded software. This tool can analyze the reliability more easily than existing tool by automatically measuring the transition probability between units for analyzing reliability from the result of unit testing. It can also directly apply the test result updated by unit testing tool by representing software model as a XML oriented document and has the advantage that many developers can access easily using the web oriented interface and SVN store. In this paper, we show reliability analyzing of a example by so doing show usefulness of reliability analyzer.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.395-404
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• 1995

The geologic structure of the Cheju volcanic island has been investigated by analyzing the gravity and magnetic data. Bouguer gravity map shows apparent circular low anomalies at the central volacanic edifice, and the maximum difference of the anomaly values on the island appears to be 30 mgal. The subsurface structure of the island is modeled by three-dimensional depth inversion of gravity data by assuming the model consists of a stacked grid of rectangular prisms of volcanic rocks bounded below by basement rocks. The gravity modeling reveals that the interface between upper volvanic rocks and underlying basement warps downward under Mt. Halla with the maximum depth of 5 km. Magnetic data involve aeromagnetic and surface magnetic survey data. Both magnetic anomaly maps show characteristic features which resemble the typical pattern of total magnetic anomalies caused by a magnetic body magnetized in the direction of the geomagnetic field in the middle latitude region, though details of two maps are somewhat different. The reduced-to-pole magnetic anomaly maps reveal that main magnetic sources in the island are rift zones and the Halla volcanic edifice. The apparent magnetic boundaries inferred by the method of Cordell and Grauch (1985) are relatively well matched with known geologic boundaries such as that of Pyosunri basalt and Sihungri basalt which form the latest erupted masses. Inversion of aeromagnetic data was conducted with two variables: depth and susceptibility. The inversion results show high susceptibility bodies in rift zones along the long axis of the island, and at the central volcano. Depths to the basement are 1.5~3 km under the major axis, 1~1.5 km under the lava plateau and culminates at about 5 km under Mt. Halla. The prominent anomalies showing N-S trending appear in the eastern part of both gravity and magnetic maps. It is speculated that this trend may be associated with an undefined fault developed across the rift zones.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.171-178
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• 2014

This paper presents dynamic modelling of a virtual object in augmented reality environments when external forces are applied to the object in real-time fashion. In order to simulate a natural behavior of the object we employ the theory of Newtonian physics to construct motion equation of the object according to the varying external forces applied to the AR object. In dynamic modelling process, the physical interaction is taken placed between the augmented object and the physical object such as a haptic input device and the external forces are transferred to the object. The intrinsic properties of the augmented object are either rigid or elastically deformable (non-rigid) model. In case of the rigid object, the dynamic motion of the object is simulated when the augmented object is collided with by the haptic stick by considering linear momentum or angular momentum. In the case of the non-rigid object, the physics-based simulation approach is adopted since the elastically deformable models respond in a natural way to the external or internal forces and constraints. Depending on the characteristics of force caused by a user through a haptic interface and model's intrinsic properties, the virtual elastic object in AR is deformed naturally. In the simulation, we exploit standard mass-spring damper differential equation so called Newton's second law of motion to model deformable objects. From the experiments, we can successfully visualize the behavior of a virtual objects in AR based on the theorem of physics when the haptic device interact with the rigid or non-rigid virtual object.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.644-653
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• 2013

In this paper, a formulation for obliquely incident electromagnetic wave has been presented for an analysis of highpower electromagnetic pulse penetration into multilayered dispersive media. Based on generalized models of measured dielectric constants and propagation channels reflecting the Earth's general features, the propagation phenomenon of the obliquely incident early-time(E1) high altitude electromagnetic pulse(HEMP) is analyzed. In addition, the polarization and critical angle are also considered. It is found that the total reflection occurs at an incident angle of about 38 degrees at the soil-rock interface, and that the parallel-polarized E1 HEMP penetrates better than the perpendicular-polarized one. The peak level of the penetrating electric field is found to be 5.6 kV/m at normal incidence, regardless of the type of polarization, and E1 HEMP is greatly reduced near the critical angle. Moreover, the penetrating E1 HEMP is analyzed as a variation of moisture content and depth of materials, resulting E1 HEMP could be useful in determining the levels of shielding required for buried facilities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

Many research demonstrations and commercial applications have been tried to develop face detection and recognition systems. Human face detection plays an important role in applications such as access control and video surveillance, human computer interface, identity authentication, etc. There are some special problems such as a face connected with background, faces connected via the skin color, and a face divided into several small parts after skin region segmentation in generally. It can be allowed many face detection techniques to solve the first and second problems. However, it is not easy to detect a face divided into several parts of regions for reason of different illumination conditions in the third problem. Therefore, we propose an efficient modified skin segmentation algorithm to solve this problem because the typical region segmentation algorithm can not be used to. Our algorithm detects skin regions over the entire image, and then generates face candidate regions using our skin segmentation algorithm For each face candidate, we implement the procedure of region merging for divided regions in order to make a region using adjacency between homogeneous regions. We utilize various different searching window sizes to detect different size faces and a face detection classifier based on a back-propagation algorithm in order to verify whether the searching window contains a face or not.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.17-25
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• 2013

Purpose - This study analyzes the effect of customers' perceived service innovativeness of service centers for electronic goods, on repurchase intentions of customers, using behavior intentions of service centers as a mediator variable. In customer management and customer relationship marketing, service centers can be the most representative customer relationship management departments because they are most closely placed at the interface with customers. In addition, this study intends to investigate if continuous relationship with customers during one-time product-selling can affect their repurchase intentions. Specifically, this research aims to investigate if the expansion of the saturated physical market of the manufacturing business, to intangible service markets, can be competitive enough to satisfy customer needs. Research design, data, and methodology - This study targets college students, and especially those who have computers, digital cameras, or cell-phones, and often use electronic products and services. In order to investigate our hypothesis, we analyzed dates through SEM (structural equation modeling) using SPSS for Windows 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. In addition, we measured Cronbach's α coefficient using SPSS for Windows 18.0 in order to measure reliability. Further, using AMOS 18.0, this research statistically measured convergent validity as well as discriminant validity, and examined mediation models and path models in which service innovativeness leads to customers' repurchase intentions of electronic products. Results - As a result, this research shows that customers' perceived service innovativeness of service centers for electronic goods has significant positive influence on customers' behavior intentions of service centers. In addition, service innovativeness of electronic goods' service centers also has significant positive influence on repurchase intentions of customers. Conclusion - This study investigates the effect of customers' positive relation with the innovativeness of electronic service center on their behavior intention and product repurchase. The more concrete, important results of the study are as follows. Through the mediating effect, the findings of the study suggest that customers' behavior intentions of service centers partially mediate the effect of customers'perceived service innovativeness of service centers for electronic goods on customers' repurchase intentions. This research also provides an insight that the importance of service innovativeness and innovative approaches in managing customers should be recognized in the process of repurchase and service roles of manufacturing business as a way for customer management. As a result, the relationship between customer satisfaction and service quality of service centers for the electronic products is very sensitive. Although previous studies focus on certain aspects of the case for enhancing service innovation (Kim, 2012), this research recommends that the service centers need to understand the customers'desire first and try to adapt to achieve customer satisfaction by being innovative. This innovativeness of service centers would make customers visit them consistently, which in the long run, will also influence their repurchase decisions.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.375-383
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• 2012

Soil erosion has been emphasized as serious environmental problem affecting water quality in the receiving waterbodies. Recently, Best Management Practices (BMPs) have been applied at a field to reduce soil erosion and its effectiveness in soil erosion reduction has been monitored with various methods. Although monitoring at fields/watershed outlets would be accurate way for these ends, it is not possible at some fields/watersheds due to various limitations in direct monitoring. Thus modeling has been suggested as an alternative way to evaluate effects of the BMPs. Most models, which have been used in evaluating hydrology and water quality at a watershed, could not reflect rainfall intensity in runoff generation and soil erosion processes. In addition, source codes of these models are not always public for modification/enhancement. Thus, runoff-sediment evaluation system using hourly rainfall data and vegetated filter strip (VFS) evaluation module at field level were developed using open source MapWindow GIS component in this study. This evaluation system was applied to Bangdongri, Chuncheonsi to evaluate its prediction ability and VFS module in this study. The NSE and $R^2$ values for runoff estimation were 0.86 and 0.91, respectively, and measured and simulated sediment yield were 15.2 kg and 16.5 kg indicating this system, developed in this study, can be used to simulate runoff and sediment yield with acceptable accuracies. Nine VFS scenarios were evaluated for effectiveness of soil erosion reduction. Reduction efficiency of the VFS was high when sediment inflow was small. As shown in this study, this evaluation system can be used for evaluation BMPs with local rainfall intensity and variations considered with ease-of-use GIS interface.