• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.244-250
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• 2006

Gangliosides are receptors for various peptides and proteins including neuropeptides, ${\beta}$-amyloid proteins, and prions. Recently, the role of gangliosides in mucosal immunization has attracted attention due to the emerging interest in oral vaccination. Ganglioside GM1 exists in abundance on the surface of the M cells of Peyer's patch, a well-known mucosal immunity induction site. In the present study we identified a peptide ligand for GM1 and tested whether it played a role in immune induction. GM1-binding peptides were selected from a phage-displayed dodecapeptide library and one peptide motif, GWKERLSSWNRF, was fused to the C-terminus of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The fusion protein, but not EGFP fused with a control peptide, was concentrated around Peyer's patch after incubation in the lumen of the intestine ex vivo. Furthermore, oral feeding of the fusion protein but not control EGFP induced mucosal and systemic immune responses against EGFP resembling Th2-type immune responses.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2015

Spot blotch caused by the hemibiotrophic pathogen Cochliobolus sativus has been the major yield-reducing factor for barley production during the last decade. Monitoring transcriptional reorganization triggered in response to this fungus is an essential first step for the functional analysis of genes involved in the process. To characterize the defense responses initiated by barley resistant and susceptible cultivars, a survey of transcript abundance at early time points of C. sativus inoculation was conducted. A notable number of transcripts exhibiting significant differential accumulations in the resistant and susceptible cultivars were detected compared to the non-inoculated controls. At the p-value of 0.0001, transcripts were divided into three general categories; defense, regulatory and unknown function, and the resistant cultivar had the greatest number of common transcripts at different time points. Quantities of differentially accumulated gene transcripts in both cultivars were identified at 24 h post infection, the approximate time when the pathogen changes trophic lifestyles. The unique and common accumulated transcripts might be of considerable interest for enhancing effective resistance to C. sativus.

• BMB Reports
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2004

As a result of the enormous amount of information that has been collected with E. coli over the past half century (e.g. genome sequence, mutant phenotypes, metabolic and regulatory networks, etc.), we now have detailed knowledge about gene regulation, protein activity, several hundred enzyme reactions, metabolic pathways, macromolecular machines, and regulatory interactions for this model organism. However, understanding how all these processes interact to form a living cell will require further characterization, quantification, data integration, and mathematical modeling, systems biology. No organism can rival E. coli with respect to the amount of available basic information and experimental tractability for the technologies needed for this undertaking. A focused, systematic effort to understand the E. coli cell will accelerate the development of new post-genomic technologies, including both experimental and computational tools. It will also lead to new technologies that will be applicable to other organisms, from microbes to plants, animals, and humans. E. coli is not only the best studied free-living model organism, but is also an extensively used microbe for industrial applications, especially for the production of small molecules of interest. It is an excellent representative of Gram-negative commensal bacteria. E. coli may represent a perfect model organism for systems biology that is aimed at elucidating both its free-living and commensal life-styles, which should open the door to whole-cell modeling and simulation.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.497-501
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• 1999

Biotinylation of recombinant proteins is a powerful tool for the detection and analysis of proteins of interest in a large variety of assay systems. The recent development of in vivo biotinylation techniques in E. coli has opened new possibilities for the production of site-specifically biotinylated proteins without the need for further manipulation after the isolation of the recombinantly expressed proteins. In the present study, a novel vector set was generated which allows the convenient cloning and expression of proteins of interest fused with an N-terminal in vivo biotinylated thioredoxin (TRX) protein. These vectors were derived from the previously reported pBIOTRX vector into which was incorporated part of the pBluescript II+phagemid multiple cloning site (MCS), amplified by PCR using a pair of sophisticated oligonucleotide primers. The functionality of these novel vectors was examined in this system by recombinant expression of rat transforming growth factor-$\beta$. Western-blot analysis using TRX-specific antibodies or peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin confirmed the successful induction of the fusion protein and the in vivo conjugation of biotin molecules, respectively. The convenience of molecular subcloning provided by the MCS and the effective in vivo biotinylation of proteins of interest makes this novel vector set an interesting alternative for the production of biotinylated proteins.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1129-1134
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• 1999

The rapid development of the sheep genetic linkage map over the last five years has given us the ability to follow the inheritance of chromosomal regions. Initially this powerful resource was used to find markers linked to monogenic traits but there is now increasing interest in using the genetic linkage map to define the complex of genes that control multigenic production traits. Of particular interest are those production traits that are difficult to measure and select for using classical quantitative genetic approaches. These include resistance to disease where a disease challenge (necessary for selection) poses too much risk to valuable stud animals and meat and carcass qualities which can be measured only after the animal has been slaughtered. The goal for the new millennium will be to fully characterise the genetic basis of multigenic production traits. The genetic linkage map is a vital tool required to achieve this.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2023

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted scientific and medical interest due to their self-renewing properties, pluripotency, and paracrine function. However, one of the main limitations to the clinical application of MSCs is their loss of efficacy after transplantation in vivo. Various bioengineering technologies to provide stem cell niche-like conditions have the potential to overcome this limitation. Here, focusing on the stem cell niche microenvironment, studies to maximize the immunomodulatory potential of MSCs by controlling biomechanical stimuli, including shear stress, hydrostatic pressure, stretch, and biophysical cues, such as extracellular matrix mimetic substrates, are discussed. The application of biomechanical forces or biophysical cues to the stem cell microenvironment will be beneficial for enhancing the immunomodulatory function of MSCs during cultivation and overcoming the current limitations of MSC therapy.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2019

The capsaicin receptor TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) has been an object of intense interest for pharmacological development on account of its critical role in nociception. In the course of structure activity analysis, it has become apparent that TRPV1 ligands may vary dramatically in the rates at which they interact with TRPV1, presumably reflecting differences in their abilities to penetrate into the cell. Using a fast penetrating agonist together with an excess of a slower penetrating antagonist, we find that we can induce an agonist response of limited duration and, moreover, the duration of the agonist response remains largely independent of the absolute dose of agonist, as long as the ratio of antagonist to agonist is held constant. This general approach for limiting agonist duration under conditions in which absolute agonist dose is variable should have more general applicability.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2010

Objective: The purpose of this study was to research of investigation of dental technology students about health educator systems. Methods: A survey was performed on 102 subjects in March in 2010. There search tool was a structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by frequency, descriptive, chi-square test and Pearson's correlation coefficient by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 12.0. Results: Respondent most did not know about health educator systems. But, positive opinion for it. And necessity about education appeared high in subjects. There are a lot of interests in health educator system(p=0.000). Conclusion: We thought that interest of dental technology student's rise more.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.158-169
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• 1983

An investigation on the floras of Osik island and its neighboring two islands, 13km west of Gunsan, showed that there were a total of 305 kinds belonging to 81 families, 132 genus, 259 species, 42 varieties, 4 formas. Of the 305 kinds collected 213 kinds were herb and 92 kinds were woody plant. Seven species of evergreen broad-leaved trees including Euonymus japonica T., Eurya japonica T. and Elaeagnus macrophylla T. etc. are listed in the Norae-sum and Ga-do. The vegetations of Norae-sum and Ga-do were more favorable than that of Osik-do which vegetation was destructed by human inerferences. Coastal plants in these areas were about 30 species. It is interest that the floras of these areas were very similar to that of Gogunsangun-do (r=0.97) inspite of adjacency to inland area.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2021

The Golgi complex plays a central role in protein secretion by regulating cargo sorting and trafficking. As these processes are of functional importance to cell polarity, motility, growth, and division, there is considerable interest in achieving a comprehensive understanding of Golgi complex biology. However, the unique stack structure of this organelle has been a major hurdle to our understanding of how proteins are secreted through the Golgi apparatus. Herein, we summarize available relevant research to gain an understanding of protein secretion via the Golgi complex. This includes the molecular mechanisms of intra-Golgi trafficking and cargo export in the trans-Golgi network. Moreover, we review recent insights on signaling pathways regulated by the Golgi complex and their physiological significance.