• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.459-468
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• 1984

The currently accepted model of membrane structure proposes a dynamic, asymmetric lipid matrix of phospholipids and cholesterol with globular proteins embedded across the membrane to various degrees. Most phospholipids are in the bilayer arrangement and also closely associated with integral membrane proteins or loosely associated with peripheral proteins. Biological functions of membrane, such as membrane-bound enzyme functions and transport systems, are influenced by the membrane physical properties, which are determined by fatty acid composition of phospholipids, polar head group composition and membrane cholesterol content. Polar and non-polar region of the phospholipid molecule can interact, with changes in the conformation of a membrane-associated protein altering either its catalytic activity or the protein's interaction with other membrane proteins. Mammalian dietary studies attempted to change the lipid composition of a few cell membranes have shown comparisons, using essential fatty acid-deficient diets. In recent years, Clandinin and a few other workers have pioneered the study proving the influence of dietary fat fed in a nutritionally complete diet on composition of phospholipid classes of cell membrane. Modulation caused by diet fat was rapid and reversible in phospholipid fatty acyl composition of membranes of cardiac mitochondria, liver cell, brain synaptosome and lymphocytes. These changes were at the same time, accompanied by variety of membrane associated functions controlled by membrane-bound enzymes, tranporter and receptor proteins. The findings suggest the basic concept of the necessity of dietary fatty acid balance if consistency of optimal membrane structural lipid composition is to be maintained, as well as the overall inadequacy of describing the nutritional-biochemical quality of a dietary fat solely by its content of linoleic acid. Furthermore, they give light on the possible application to clinical and preventive medicine.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2004

The development of high-performance shotcrete lining is essential in improving the long-term durability of tunnels and in introducing single-shell tunnelling methods, where shotcrete as well as rockbolts are used as permanent support members. In this paper, new and advanced admixtures to improve shotcrete performance are introduced. In addition, requirements for mechanical properties as well as test items for quality control of shotcrete are summarized. A case study on the application of the pneumatic pin penetration test which can estimate compressive strength of shotcrete more easily and quickly is also illustrated. Previous studies to analyze the behaviors of shotcrete lining by considering its transient hardening and to carry out the sensitivity analysis of the design parameters of shotcrete lining are discussed to give fundamental concepts on rock-support interactions. Representative single-shell tunnelling methods where high-performance shotcrete lining is applied as a permanent support are also introduced.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.607-615
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• 2010

Urban green space is often at the centre of the debate on urban substantiality because it provides functions of space, e.g. for wildlife, recreation, growing vegetables, psychological wellbeing, social interaction, etc. Traditionally, the various functions of urban green spaces clearly show that green spaces contain important values that contribute to the overall quality of urban life. After Kyoto protocol, it has becoming important to more accurately evaluate carbon uptake by urban green space. Many studies have analyzed the benefits, costs, and carbon storage capacity associated with urban green space. These studies have been limited by a lack of research on urban tree biomass and carbon uptake by soil, such that estimates of carbon storage in urban systems. This study calculate more accurately the amount of carbon uptake by urban green space. This study also complement the existing methods to estimate the urban green space carbon uptake. It has been studied how to evaluate carbon uptake function of urban green space. The surface area of urban green space increased 5% by complemented method and carbon uptake is also increased. Based on this result, the carbon uptake per capita was analysed and compared to the area of carbon uptake. And this study discussed the reasons for the differences between the new and earlier estimates, as well as implications for our understanding of the global carbon cycle. In conclusion, these results could contribute as preliminary data to policy makers when climate change adaptation strategy is established.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.4 no.3 s.13
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• pp.15-23
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• 2002

The waterproofing system's performance is known to show a determing by complex interaction of material factors, design details, and the quality of construction, and the waterproofing integrity of waterproofing membranes is determined by the bond to the deck and the amount of damage to the waterproofing membrane. In this research, the basic properties of waterproofing membranes on market and the tensile adhesive chracteristics of waterproofing systems of concrete bridge deck have also been investigated in the view of the damages frequently reported from job site. For the tensile adhesive strength of sheet waterproofing membranes, the results after asphalt concrete paving tends to increase more than before those. The results of the liquid waterproofing membranes are upside-down, and the more concrete has strength, the more strength of tensile adhesive increase. The ambient temperature of asphalt concrete when application of the waterproofing membrane has considerable influence on the performance of waterproofing system. As described above, waterproofing system can be influenced by several factors. If they are not considered under construction, the overlooking will cause the damages of pavement and waterproofing system after traffic opening.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.482-483
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• 2011

Graphene is a good candidate for the future nano-electronic materials because it has excellent conductivity, mobility, transparency, flexibility and others. Until now, most graphene researches are focused on the nano electronic device applications, however, biological application of graphene has been relatively less reported. We have fabricated a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) conjugated graphene field-effect transistor (FET) and measured the electrical transport characteristics. We have used graphene sheets grown on Ni substrates by chemical vapour deposition. The Raman spectra of graphene sheets indicate high quality and only a few number of layers. The synthesized graphene is transferred on top of the substrate with pre-patterned electrodes by the floating-and-scooping method [1]. Then we applied adhesive tapes on the surface of the graphene to define graphene flakes of a few micron sizes near the electrodes. The current-voltage characteristic of the graphene layer before stripping shows linear zero gate bias conductance and no gate operation. After stripping, the zero gate bias conductance of the device is reduced and clear gate operation is observed. The change of FET characteristics before and after stripping is due to the formation of a micron size graphene flake. After combined with 30 base pairs single-stranded poly(dT) DNA molecules, the conductance and gate operation of the graphene flake FETs become slightly smaller than that of the pristine ones. It is considered that DNA is to be stably binding to the graphene layer due to the ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking interaction between nucleic bases and the surface of graphene. And this binding can modulate the electrical transport properties of graphene FETs. We also calculate the field-effect mobility of pristine and DNA conjugated graphene FET devices.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.303-316
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• 2020

Objectives: The nutritional status of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy is closely related to the compliance of nutrition education. However, as chemotherapy is conducted repeatedly, compliance with nutrition management is lowered, leading to malnutrition. Malnutrition is related directly to the quality of life after surgery in cancer patients. Therefore, this study examined the factors related to compliance with nutrition management during chemotherapy. Methods: In this study, five subjects with colorectal cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy were interviewed in-depth using the Giorgi study method. The contents of the nutrition education visits and in-depth interviews were transcribed in the language of the subject after recording, and the appropriateness of the data was improved by reflecting the subject's actions and facial expressions. Results: After conducting the in-depth interviews for each subject, the experience of the subject's diet and adjuvant chemotherapy was drawn into two domains, six elements, and 26 sub-elements. In the cognitive domain, the patients experienced physical and psychological changes, and the need for nutrition management was recognized by analyzing the dietary causes of the diseases. In the domain of practice, a knowing-doing gap was formed, unlike the patient's will. Factors that inhibited compliance with nutritional management included digestive problems, sensory changes, loss of appetite, and social interaction stress. Conclusions: Dietary management is very important for patients receiving periodic anticancer therapy, and step-by-step training and personal monitoring based on the chemotherapy order is necessary to maintain the patient's will and social and environmental support.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.271-286
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• 2011

The role of information in knowledge society has changed. Library refers to information centre, which is actively involved information collection and promoting use of for the development of individual and society. Modern libraries are the centres of interaction for all interested in accessing information and in participating in the marathon of the present competitive age. Information and a conducive environment of its free flow is a vital tool in all forms of human endeavour. It is the link pin of national development. For a nation to develop it needs to have and provide relevant, updated and adequate information on food security, health, democracy, population, education, family planning, youth empowerment, gender quality, environment etc. The information intermediaries are the persons to modulate these complexities and find match between the information sources and users needs to satisfaction of Ranganathan's law: Books are for use; Every reader his/her book; Every book its reader; Save the time of the reader; Library is a growing organism. The relative importance of these norms in modern context has been evident from experience, study, observations, discussions, etc., and only by scientists and technologists, but also by managers, planners, and policy makers. They recognize the usefulness of information in the performance of their needs information needs. Libraries are therefore proper management, provision and dissemination of such information. It is clearly visible in the contemporary context, that the libraries in the knowledge society are much more than the book depositories This article looks at the theory/practice divide in library and information science and particularly Ranganathan's contributions, basic statements remain as valid in substance if not in expression as -to-day as when they were promulgated, concisely representing the ideal service and organizational philosophy of libraries today.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.343-352
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• 2012

Sulphur deficiency has become widespread over the past several decades in most of the agricultural area. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a very sensitive to S limitation which is becoming reduction of quality and productivity of forage. Few studies have assessed the sulphur mobilization in the source-sink relationship, very little is known about the regulatory mechanism in interaction between sulphur and nitrogen during the short-term sulphur deficiency. In this study, therefore, amount of sulphur and nitrogen incorporated into amino acids and proteins as affected by different S-supplied level (Control: 1 mM ${SO_4}^{2-}$, S-deficiency: 0.1 mM ${SO_4}^{2-}$, and S-deprivation: 0 mM ${SO_4}^{2-}$) were examined. The amount of sulphur in sulphate (S-sulphate) was significantly decreased by 25.8% in S-deprivation condition, compare to control, but not nitrogen in nitrate (N-nitrate). The markedly increase of sulphur and nitrogen incorporated amino acids (S-amino acids and N-amino acids) was observed in both S-deficiency and S-deprivation treatments. The amount of nitrogen incorporated proteins (N-protein) was strongly decreased as sulphur availability while the amount of sulphur incorporated into proteins (S-protein) was not affected. A highly significant ($p{\leq}0.001$) relationship between S-sulphate and S-amino acid was observed whereas the increase of N-amino acids is closely associated with decrease of N-proteins. These data indicate that increase of sulphur and nitrogen incorporated into amino acids was from different nitrogen and sulphur metabolites, respectively

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.440-447
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• 2016

Faced with the recent global economic recession, academics looked to the industrial B2B and B2C markets as potential new growth engines. In the B2B market, focusing on the relationship with customers, the relationship benefits are important, and institutional factors will affect the relationship and relationship values with customers. In this study, the relationship values between South Korea and Taiwan are compared by considering their national characteristics. By applying a mixed research method based on sequential exploratory design, 6 relationship values (supplier knowhow, service support, time to market, delivery performance, personal interaction, and product quality) are extracted. In particular, South Korea and Taiwan give priority to supplier knowhow and service support, respectively. Our research findings have both theoretical and practical implications for other emerging countries, as well as developed countries.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.379-385
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• 2006

Single crystal of p-$CdIn_{2}Te_{4}$ was grown in a three-stage vertical electric furnace by using Bridgman method. The quality of the grown crystal has been investigated by x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements. From the photoluminescence spectra of the as-grown $CdIn_{2}Te_{4}$ crystal and the various heat-treated crystals, the ($D^{o}$, X) emission was found to be the dominant intensity in the photoluminescence spectrum of the $CdIn_{2}Te_{4}$:Cd, while the ($A^{o}$, X) emission completely disappeared in the $CdIn_{2}Te_{4}$:Cd. However, the ($A^{o}$, X) emission in the photoluminescence spectrum of the $CdIn_{2}Te_{4}$:Te was the dominant intensity like in the as-grown $CdIn_{2}Te_{4}$ crystal. These results indicated that the ($D^{o}$, X) is associated with $V_{Te}$ which acted as donor and that the ($A^{o}$, X) emission is related to $V_{Cd}$ which acted as acceptor, respectively. The p-$CdIn_{2}Te_{4}$ crystal was obviously found to be converted into n-type after annealing in Cd atmosphere. The origin of ($D^{o},{\;}A^{o}$) emission and its to phonon replicas is related to the interaction between donors such as $V_{Te}$ or $Cd_{int}$, and acceptors such as $V_{Cd}$ or $Te_{int}$. Also, the In in the $CdIn_{2}Te_{4}$ was confirmed not to form the native defects because it existed in a stable bonding form.