• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.38-46
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• 2000

It has been indicated that the rotor/stator interaction has distinct causes of unsteadiness, such as the viscous vortex shedding, wake/stator interaction and potential rotor/stator interaction. In this paper, the mechanism of unsteady potential interaction in one stage axial compressor is numerically investigated for blade row ratio 1:1 and 2:3 at design point and for blade row ratio 2:3 at off-design point in two-dimensional view point. The numerical technique used is the upwind scheme of Van-Leer's Flux Vector Splitting(FVS) and Cubic spline interpolation is applied on zonal interface. In this study the flow unsteadiness due to potential interaction are found to be larger in blade row ratio 2:3 than in 1:1. The total pressure rise in blade row ratio 2:3 is closer to the real value in design point than that in 1:1. The change of unsteady pressure amplitude according to the variation of stator exit pressure is very small.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.411-426
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• 2015

Objective: The goal of this thesis is to design the interaction structure and framework of system to recognize sign language. Background: The sign language of meaningful individual gestures is combined to construct a sentence, so it is difficult to interpret and recognize the meaning of hand gesture for system, because of the sequence of continuous gestures. This being so, in order to interpret the meaning of individual gesture correctly, the interaction structure and framework are needed so that they can segment the indication of individual gesture. Method: We analyze 700 sign language words to structuralize the sign language gesture interaction. First of all, we analyze the transformational patterns of the hand gesture. Second, we analyze the movement of the transformational patterns of the hand gesture. Third, we analyze the type of other gestures except hands. Based on this, we design a framework for sign language interaction. Results: We elicited 8 patterns of hand gesture on the basis of the fact on whether the gesture has a change from starting point to ending point. And then, we analyzed the hand movement based on 3 elements: patterns of movement, direction, and whether hand movement is repeating or not. Moreover, we defined 11 movements of other gestures except hands and classified 8 types of interaction. The framework for sign language interaction, which was designed based on this mentioned above, applies to more than 700 individual gestures of the sign language, and can be classified as an individual gesture in spite of situation which has continuous gestures. Conclusion: This study has structuralized in 3 aspects defined to analyze the transformational patterns of the starting point and the ending point of hand shape, hand movement, and other gestures except hands for sign language interaction. Based on this, we designed the framework that can recognize the individual gestures and interpret the meaning more accurately, when meaningful individual gesture is input sequence of continuous gestures. Application: When we develop the system of sign language recognition, we can apply interaction framework to it. Structuralized gesture can be used for using database of sign language, inventing an automatic recognition system, and studying on the action gestures in other areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 1999

The interaction of weak normal shock wave with turbulent boundary layer in a supersonic nozzle was investigated experimentally by wall static pressure measurements and by schlieren optical observations. The lime-mean flow in the interaction region was classified into four patterns according to the ratio of the pressure $p_k$ at the first kink point in the pressure distribution of the interaction region to the pressure $p_1$ just upstream of the shock. It is shown for any flow pattern that the wall static pressure rise near the shock foot can be described by the "free interaction" which is defined by Chapman et al. The ratio of the triple point height $h_t$ of the bifurcated shock to the undisturbed boundary layer thickness ${\delta}_1$ upstream of the interaction increases with the upstream Mach number $M_1$, and for a fixed $M_1$, the normalized triple point height $h_t/{\delta}_1$ decreases with increasing ${\delta}_1/h$, where h is the duct half-height.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1573-1581
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• 2004

Thermodynamic principles are described with a new point of view. In present study, the interaction between two systems is focused instead of the behavior of a system in conventional thermodynamics. The state change of a system cannot occur by itself but it is the result of the interaction between systems. However, the interaction itself is also the result of another kind of interaction, the interaction between two interactions. To reconstruct thermodynamics with such a point of view, the reversible world is imagined, in which conservations and measurements are discussed. There exists a conserved quantity for each mode of reversible interaction. The conserved transferring quantity in the interaction between interactions is the effective work, which is supposed to be measurable and conserved in reversible world. Effective work is the primary concepts of energy. It is the key factor to explain measurements, energy conservation and energy dissipation. The concepts developed in reversible world are applied to the real world in which irreversible phenomena may occur. Irreversibility is the result of effective energy dissipation, in which effective work irreversibly changes into entropy. A quantitative relation between the disappearing effective work and the generated entropy is dissipation equation which is given by experiments. A special temperature scale to give a very simple type of the dissipation equation is the absolute temperature scale, which gives the conventional conservation of energy.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1950-1960
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• 2006

Based on Banach fixed point theorem, a method to calculate nonlinear superposition for three interacting Stokes' waves is proposed in this paper. A mathematical formulation for the nonlinear superposition in deep water and some numerical solutions were investigated. The authors carried out the numerical study with three progressive linear potentials of different wave numbers and succeeded in solving the nonlinear wave profiles of their three wave-interaction, that is, using only linear wave potentials, it was possible to realize the corresponding nonlinear interacting wave profiles through iteration of the method. The stability of the method for the three interacting Stokes' waves was analyzed. The calculation results, together with Fourier transform, revealed that the iteration made it possible to predict higher-order nonlinear frequencies for three Stokes' waves' interaction. The proposed method has a very fast convergence rate.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.379-390
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• 2018

In this study, a numerical approach based on mid-point integrated finite elements and a viscous boundary is proposed for time-domain wave-propagation analyses in infinite poroelastic media. The proposed approach is accurate, efficient, and easy to implement in time-domain analyses. In the approach, an infinite domain is truncated at some distance. The truncated domain is represented by mid-point integrated finite elements with real element-lengths and a viscous boundary is attached to the end of the domain. Given that the dynamic behaviors of the proposed model can be expressed in terms of mass, damping, and stiffness matrices only, it can be implemented easily in the displacement-based finite-element formulation. No convolutional operations are required for time-domain calculations because the coefficient matrices are constant. The proposed numerical approach is applied to typical wave-propagation and soil-structure interaction problems. The model is verified to produce accurate and stable results. It is demonstrated that the numerical approach can be applied successfully to nonlinear soil-structure interaction problems.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.219-225
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• 2000

Primary function of a centrifugal compressor volute is to serve the flow from the impeller and diffuser to pipe system. But losses in volutes at off-design lead to poor stage efficiency and reduction of operating range. This is largely caused by the interaction between the impeller and volute flow fields. The magnitude of distortion is increased as the operating point is away from the design point and, as a result, the interaction between the impeller and volute is stronger. The objective of present study is to find the characteristics of tile flow in the diffuser and volute of the centrifugal compressor with rectangular cross-sectional volute. The measurements are carried out in two cases with the existence and nonexistence of the volute casing. The detailed pressure is presented by comparing the experimental results obtained at two cases with each others.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.41-44
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a novel method for developing expressive typography authoring tools with personal emotions. Our goal is to implement an interactive typography system that does not rely on any particular language and provides an easy, natural user interface and allows for immediate interaction. For this purpose, we converted the text data entered by a user to image data. The image data was then used for interaction with the user. The data was synchronized with the user's skeleton information obtained from the depth camera. We decomposed the characters using the formality of language to provide a typographical movement that responds more dynamically to the user's motion. Thus, this system provides interaction as a unit of characters rather than as a whole character, allowing the user to have emotional and aesthetic emotional immersion into his or her creation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.643-655
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• 2001

We discuss the existence of positive solutions to a certain nonlinear elliptic system representing a competition interaction with self-diffusion. The method used here is a fixed point index theory in a positive cone. We give a sufficient condition for the existence of positive solutions.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.12a
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• pp.170-178
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• 1999

In general, an impeller of centrifugal turbomachinery is designed at isolated condition without considering the presence of a volute, but when the impeller is operating with its volute, the performance of impeller can be different. This is largely caused by the interaction between the impeller and volute flow fields. The magnitude of distortion is increased as the operating point is away from the design point and, as a result, the interaction between the impeller and volute is stronger. In the present calculation, the flow through the impeller is simulated using coarse grids. The flow within the impeller and the volute is naturally unsteady, but the flow is assumed to be steady across the interface between the volute and impeller flow fields. Under the assumption of steady three-dimensional incompressible turbulent flow, the time averaged N-S equations involving standard k-$\epsilon$ turbulent model was solved by the F.V.M. The calculation results are compared with the experimental results obtained for an industrial fan by Sakai etc. and the Hood agreement is demonstrated. And the effects of the impeller-volute interaction are studied.