• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2016

This study investigated commercial power theory of traditional market through the analysis of literature review. Consumers' store selection models are made up a theory based on normative hypothesis, theory of mutual reaction, utility function estimation model, and cognitive-behavioral model. Detailed models are as follows. Normative hypothesis based theory is divided into Reilly's retail gratification theory and Converse's revised retail g ratification theory. Interaction theory is composed of Huff's probability gratification theory, MCI model and Multi-nominal Logit Model (MNL model). There are four models in retail organization position theory such as central place theories, single store position theory, multi store position - assign model, and retail growth potential model. In case of single store position theory, theoretical and empirical techniques have developed for a decision to optimum single store position. Those are like these, a check list, the most simple and systematic method, analogy, and microanalysis technique. Aforementioned models are theoretical and mathematical commercial power measurement and/or model. The study has rather limitations because the variation factors included in formula are only a part of actual commercial power. Therefore, further study shall be made continuously to commercial power areas and variables.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.103-107
• /
• 2019

Roles of nutrients in controlling plant diseases have been documented for a long time. Among the nutrients having impact on susceptibility/resistance to crop diseases, nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and development. In rice plants, excess nitrogen via fertilization in agricultural systems is known to increase susceptibility to the rice blast disease. Mechanisms underlying such phenomenon, despite its implication in yield and sustainable agriculture, have not been fully elucidated yet. A few research efforts attempted to link nitrogen-induced susceptibility to concomitant changes in rice plant and rice blast fungus in response to excess nitrogen. However, recent studies focusing on phytobiome are offering new insights into effects of nitrogen on interaction between plants and pathogens. In this review, I will first briefly describe importance of nitrogen as a key nutrient for plants and what changes excess nitrogen can bring about in rice and the fungal pathogen. Next, I will highlight some of the recent phytobiome studies relevant to nitrogen utilization and immunity of plants. Finally, I propose the hypothesis that changes in phytobiome upon excessive nitrogen fertilization contribute to nitrogen-induced susceptibility, and discuss empirical evidences that are needed to support the hypothesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.109-121
• /
• 2024

The college age is an important developmental stage for achieving personal growth through interaction with people. In this study, we analyze the impact of the level of nunchi awareness on the interpersonal skills and learning outcomes of college students majoring in aviation services. For analysis, a survey is conducted targeting college students majoring in aviation services attending universities in the metropolitan and Chungcheong areas. To test the research hypothesis, demographic characteristics are identified based on the questionnaire, the reliability and validity of the measurement items were verified, and structural equation model analysis was performed to verify the hypothesis. The analysis results are as follows. First, nunchi behavior, which is a sub-factor of nunchi recognition among college students in the Department of Aviation Service, is found to have a positive (+) effect on temperament of others, communication, and relationship promotion of interpersonal skills. However, the significance of the influence relationship between nunchi perception factors and interpersonal skills is not confirmed. Second, among the sub-factors of interpersonal skills, only temperament with others and communication are found to have a positive effect on major commitment. Based on the research results, we aim to present practical strategies for designing effective major learning and developing competencies related to the work environment.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of phonology in lexical access of bilingual processing for Korean-English bilinguals. Four experiments have been conducted in order to adjudicate the nonselective lexical access hypothesis, which argues simultaneous phonological activation of two bilingual languages, and the selective lexical access hypothesis. which argues phonological activation of only one bilingual language. The results showed that the Korean target word processing was significantly affected by the phonological manipulation of the English target word(Exp. 2). Similarly, the English target word processing showed the tendencies that it is affected by the phonological manipulation of the Korean prime word(Exp. 2). This results indicates that the phonological information of another bilingual language is automatically activated when we process one of bilingual languages, and the process of English which is the second language for most Korean, is phonologically activated.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2004.10d
• /
• pp.240-247
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of phonology in lexical access of bilingual processing for Korean-English bilinguals. Four experiments have been conducted in order to adjudicate the nonselective lexical access hypothesis, which argues simultaneous phonological activation of two bilingual languages, and the selective lexical access hypothesis, which argues phonological activation of only one bilingual language. The results showed that the Korean target word processing was significantly affected by the phonological manipulation of the English prime word(Exp. 2). Similarly, the English target word processing showed the tendencies that it is affected by the phonological manipulation of the Korean prime word(Exp. 2). This results indicates that the phonological information of another bilingual language is automatically activated when we process one of bilingual languages, and the process of English, which is the second language for most Korean, is phonologically activated.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2019

Purpose - The importance of customer experiences has been increasing in retail industry as wells as theme park industry. The purpose of this research is to investigate relationships among brand experience, customer perceived value and brand support behavior in theme park industry. Furthermore, we tried to examine the moderating effects of interaction with customers in the relationships between brand experience and customer perceived value. Besides, we provided some implications for not only the theme park industry but also other service industries such as retail industry. Research design, data, and methodology - The research model has nine hypotheses, and we examined them empirically in this study. Five hypotheses were about relationships among theme park brand experiences, customer perceived value, and brand support behavior. The other four hypotheses were about the moderating effects of customer interactions in the causal relationship between brand experiences and customer perceived value. A total of 167 samples who had visited the theme park were surveyed and the hypotheses were tested with the statistical package programs such as SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, it was proved that theme park visitors' sensory experience, emotional experience, and cognitive experience have significant positive effects on perceived value, although the hypothesis about the causal relationship between behavioral experience and perceived value is not supported. Second, the customer perceived value has a positive effect on brand support behavior. Third, customer interaction has a positive moderating effect between brand experiences and perceived value, except for behavioral experience. Conclusions - Based on the results of this study, there can be following significances and implications from both theoretical and practical perspectives. First, we confirmed the importance of experiential marketing in other service industries such as retail industry as well as the theme park industry. The marketing managers in these industries need to design various experience programs considering the various characteristics of experiences such as sensory, emotional, and cognitive experiences. Second, it will be necessary for the theme park managers to encourage active participation of customers, and raise the level of interaction between employees and customers.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.861-876
• /
• 2015

Composite sections design consists on checking that the point defined by axial load and bending moment keeps included within the surface enclosed by the section interaction curve. Eurocode 4 suggests a method for tracing this diagram based on the plastic stress distribution method. However curves obtained according to this criterion overvalue concrete encased sections bearing capacity, especially when axial force comes with high bending moment values, so a correction factor is required. This article proposes a method for tracing this diagram based on the strain compatibility method. When stresses on the section are integrated by considering the Navier hypothesis, the use of the materials nonlinear constitutive equations provides curves much more adjusted to reality. This process requires the use of rather complex software which might reveal as too complex for practitioners. Preserving the same criteria of an elastic-plastic stress distribution, this article presents alternative expressions to obtain the failure internal forces in five significant points of the interaction diagram having considered five different positions of the neutral axis. These expressions are simply enough for their practical application. Concordance of curves traced strictly relying on these five points with those obtained by computer assisted stress integration considering the strain compatibility method and even with Eurocode 4 weighted curves will be presented for three different cross-sections and two different concrete strengths, revealing very good results.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.169-185
• /
• 2018

Customers are not merely responders but rather active value creators. As a result most researches related to customer value creation behavior focus on customer participation behavior and interaction between service provider and customer. This study set the research model to examine the correlation between customer to customer interaction, brand attachment and customer value creation behavior. For this study, the relationship among social support, C-to-C social interaction, similarity, brand attachment, and customer value creation behavior were modelled and used to validate our hypotheses. A path model was verified with structural equation modeling using dataset from survey. Results of this study are summarized as follows. First, this study show the C-to-C social interaction, such as social support, C-to-C social interaction, similarity have effects on brand attachment. Thus, this was statistically significant although dismissed from hypothesis verification. Second, the structural correlation shows brand attachment has positive effect on customer value creation behavior The findings suggest that managers need to identify and pay attention to positive customer to customer interaction in the service encounter so that it influence customer brand attachment and customer value creation behavior which is the competitive advantages of service brand.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of in-service education on the nurse-newborn play interaction. The research design adopted the pre-experimental design applied only for one pretest-posttest group and Barnard's mother-infant interaction model was used as a conceptual framework. The subjects were 26 nurses who were selected from 2 nurseries in general hospital in Pusan, and 52 healthy newborns who were after 4 days from birth during data collection period at the same hospital. The data were collected from June 1st to October 5th in 2001, by video-taping for the interactive behaviors between the nurse and the newborn, played for 5 minutes in nurseries 2 weeks before and after in-service education. The in-service education consisted of the newborn's behavior responses focused on the newborn baby's states, behavior, cues and state modulation, 3 times per 1 week, 90 minutes per 1 time, lecture, demonstration and hand out project. The experimental tool used for this research was Ha Young-Soo's Korean translation of the Maternal-Infant Play Interaction Scale by Thompson, Jody Baird, Sara Gordman, Bryant(1982), some parts of which were adapted to be suitable for the purpose of this research. Mother and baby scale by Wolke & James-Roberts(1987) was also modified and used as the criterion of nurse's perception of a newborn baby. The results of this study were as follows: 1. This result supported the major hypothesis : After the intervention of in-service education, the nurse and newborn play interaction was promoted. 2. After intervention of in-service education, the nurse perception of newborn, especially the criteria of newborn's reaction was promoted., The results of this research confirm that in-service education on the newborn's behavior responses such as states, behavior, cues and state modulation is an effective way to improve the interaction between the nurse and the baby. It elevated the nurse's sensitivities to the baby's needs. Therefore, in-service education can change the conditions of current nursing practice mostly centered on physical care into a better one in which nurses consider the emotional, social, and intellectual development stages of babies. Accordingly, in-service education contributed to promoting the effective nurse-newborn play interaction so positively.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study was based on curation commerce that has been rapidly developing. It looked into the effect of curation commerce's quality of service factors (information quality, information interest quality, interaction quality, and personalization quality) on satisfaction and the mediating effect of consumer empathy and shopping value between service qualities and consumers' satisfaction with curation commerce. Research design, data, and methodology: The survey was conducted on 273 consumers who used Chinese curation commerce services. The research data was analyzed using the Smart PLS 3.0 program. The empirical analysis was conducted with reliability and validity analyses of the questionnaire and hypothesis test. Results: As a result, only the quality of information had a direct impact on satisfaction. The remaining service quaility factors (information interest quality, interaction quality, and personalization quality) were found to affect satisfaction through utilitarian value or consumer empathy. Conclusions: This study is meaningful in that it selected the service quality factors experienced by consumers about curation commerce services in line with the bright market prospects of curation services. In addition, the significance of this study was to reveal the psychological mechanism of the process in which the quality of service reaches consumer satisfaction.