• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.209-212
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• 2011

Hafnium nitride (HfN) thin films were deposited onto a silicon substrate by inductive coupled nitrogen plasma-assisted radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The films were prepared without intentional substrate heating and a substrate negative bias voltage ($-V_b$) was varied from -50 to -150 V to accelerate the effects of nitrogen ions ($N^+$) on the substrate. X-ray diffractometer patterns showed that the structure of the films was strongly affected by the negative substrate bias voltage, and thin film crystallization in the HfN (100) plane was observed under deposition conditions of -100 $V_b$ (bias voltage). Atomic force microscopy results showed that surface roughness also varied significantly with substrate bias voltage. Films deposited under conditions of -150 $V_b$ (bias voltage) exhibited higher hardness than other films.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.38
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• pp.233-240
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to find the coordination trend of the Image of the color and object from the department show-window display locating in the kangnam area. The result of this study were summarized as following: 1) Show window display determinating the first image of department-store marketing service, playing the role of visual marketing provides the valuable impressions with shoppers in the times of sensibility, 2) In contemporary recognition of "Design is namely culture", show window display proceeds on the direction of concrete and practical presentation of merchandise as many customers are pursuing the high graded luxury brands while their life styles change. 3) Main concept is represented by the coordinated fashion goods on the mannequin or the body and the main theme is displayed variously in the circumferential area or on the articles with the abstract and concrete objects of diverse forms of dominant color and accent color conveying the seasonal theme precisely. 4) The compositive element of color Is the decisive factor of the visual sense of space In the coordination-trends of show window display specially representing the seasonal theme or the intentional messages and conduces to the psychological and mental desire in human and the circumstances, 5) Following the color, the compositive element of object presents the concrete image of theme or the abstract and geometrical sense of space besides the visual sense of space and shows the proportionality and the activity in displaying the show window space.dow space.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 1991

All physical systems are nonlinear to some degree. The examples are relay, backlash, deadzone, saturation element and so on. In the linear control system design, it is useful method to restrict the nonlinearity to the linearity of system over the operation range. It is worth noting that nonlinearities may be intentionally introduced in to a system. A simple of an intentional non-linearity is the Bang-Bang controller which uses the On-Off relay. In this paper, an angular position servosystem made of a DC servomotor controlled by a microcomputer is discribed. Authors use two methods in the design of controller. The one is linear controller designed by the optimal feedback control theory only and the other is nonlinear controller designed by On-Off relay with optimal feedback control theory. To do the real time control, the controller is designed by using 16bit personal computer and A/D.D/A converter(12bit) is used in order to convert the signal. According to this way, the results from real time control are as follows. 2) Under the On-Off controller with hysterisis the influence of disturbance is considerably smaller than the linerar controller. 3) An increase in the sampling period has a destabilizing effect. 4)In the controller performance, the response time of the On-Off controller is longer than that of the linear controller. To close, we note that the On-Off controller with hysterisis is more attractive than the linear controller in the presence of the input limit.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1998

Probability and statistics is an important section in mathematics which is deeply related to everyday living, natural science and social science. In spite of its importance, many students will throw away it because it becomes very harder as its step(stage) deepens and probability and statistics' relative importance is very small in Korea-SAT(the test of college entrance in Korea). Therefore, by analyzing the involvement carefully between the curriculum in the elementary, middle, high school and the text book, by studying the problem and improvement direction, it is necessary to investigate an effective teaching method. This study intends to give the students the confidence, interests, and accomplishment motive about probability and statistics field and to make a rational and creative decision-making through mathematical speculation by proposing an effective teaching method through analyzing an existing facts in school's probability and statistics field. The contents of this study are composed of four chapters. Chapter three looks into the mathematical curriculum in the elementary, middle, high school and its teaching meaning, the outline of contents, some tips on teaching and problems and presents an effective and concrete teaching method on the basis of the theoretical background in the chapter two. Chapter four is a conclusive part and gives the general improvement and intentional direction in educating the probability and statistics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.482-494
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• 2014

This study researched TV makeup types with a focus on Korean aesthetics. First, natural beauty is expressed with a random form that excluded artificial techniques or decorations often shown in the form of incompletion and space through TV entertainment programs. Incompletion is what excludes artificial technique and denies the whole completion in expressing a face, it shows the intentional incompletion that leaves it as a bare face that has no type, no color, and no decoration. A pursuit for purity, as nature leads to realizing the internal world of concentrating on the essence of object. Space is what makes it empty without filling, it offers a mental space in the inner side so that diverse images can be imagined beyond external form. This trend is indicated similarly to the tendency that the recent global interest in naturalism yearns for purity in nature and wellbeing. The presentation of skin (preferably healthy looking skin) is given attention; consequently, the similarity was being shown between the TV makeup that focuses on expressing skin and recent trends.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.141-165
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• 1999

The Customs Act provides for a general rule all goods entering Korea shall be subject to customs duties as set in the customs tariff schedules as other fees and taxes determined except those excluded by virtue of the Customs Act or intentional agreements. Importation begins from the time carrying vessel or aircraft enters Korea territorial jurisdiction with the intention to unload the same until the time the goods are released or withdrawn from the customhouse upon payment of the appropriate duties. Imported articles may be categorized into prohibited importations, dutiable importations and conditionally free importation. Some other articles are qualifiedly prohibited, meaning they can enter the country after compliance with certain conditions. If there is any conduct violating these act, criminal sanctions may be imposed for the prevention and suppression of smuggling and other frauds, and the enforcement of tariff and customs act. As a result importers who intentionally violates Korea Customs Act may be subject to criminal prosecution. Many major provisions of customs act have imposed severe sanctions for customs crimes in comparison with other crimes due to general rule of criminal law. There is a great deal of activity in Pusan area relating to smuggling of narcotics and prohibited drugs, obscene articles and weapons. On one side, criminals who seek to profit by narcotics or drug threaten public health and human environment, On other side, weapon smuggling is a significant threat to our national security. However the studies on customs crime and customs act have not been viewed. Thus this Article overviews especially the customs crime and criminal sanction focused on domestic customs act.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.193-220
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• 1989

Major research themes, concepts, methodologies, and phenomena in the psychology of perception are reviewed in the present paper with an eye to exploring its possible contributions to methodological as well as theoretical development in cognitive science are proposed in this paper:Computational, intentional-descriptive, and eclectic. An emphasis is placed on how to propose issues in the psychology of perception from cognitive science views.Also explored in detail are possible ways to promote fruitful interactions among several fields in cognitive science, e.g., artificial intelligence, perceptual-cognitive psychology, and neuro-science.One approach is to consider psychology of perception's basic concepts, methodologies, and phenomena that call for the attention of researchers in neighboring fields in cognitive science.Finally discussed is what perception researchers should do in adoptiong a much briader view of perceptual structure and processes, that is, a cognitive science view.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.397-405
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• 1995

The present study examined the effects of swimming on some plasma parameters of lipid metabolism in the middle-aged women. The control group(C) was the women who lived without any intentional physical exercise, and the first experimental group(S I) and the second experimental group(S II) had gone swimming everyday at least one hour for 3-6 months, and more than one year, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) Energy and nutrient intakes of the three groups were not different, but the body fat(%) of two experimental groups(S I, S II) was significantly lower than that of control. 2) Total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in plasma were not significantly changed by swimming and swimming period. However, total lipids and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in the two experimental groups than in control. 3) The level of plasma triglycerides of SI was not different from the control, but SII showed significantly lower triglycerides. 4) Acid-soluble acylcarnitine and $\beta$-hydroxybutyrate concentration in plasma were significantly greater in SII than in control. There results suggest that regular swimming in a longer period might help to protect the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease by modulating lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2017

This paper presents an approach to enable a typical GPS receiver to be much less susceptible to intentional disruption such as jamming and change in link environment. In order for the GPS receiver to cope with jamming and to get adaptivity, a $4{\times}4$ beamforming antenna is designed using metamaterials. The design results show the antenna gain much higher than 5 dBi and the movable beam.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.280-285
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• 1999

In this paper, we have analyzed a performance of fast frequency hopping communication systems when a rayleigh fading caused by envelope variations of a signal received in multipath channel is, but it is not considered that intentional or unintentional jamming can be. The multipath fading channel and rayleigh fading are confirmed by theoretical analysis. In fading or non-fading, the performance of this system is studied. When the path diversity is applied to this system, the performance is shown to be superior to non-diversity systems about 20dB. for modulation methods, BFSK was compared with DPSK.