• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2019

Pain therapy often entails gastrointestinal adverse events. While opioids are effective drugs for pain relief, the incidence of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) varies greatly from 15% to as high as 81%. This can lead to a significant impairment in quality of life, often resulting in discontinuation of opioid therapy. In this regard, a good doctor-patient relationship is especially pivotal when initiating opioid therapy. In addition to a detailed history of bowel habits, patient education regarding the possible gastrointestinal side effects of the drugs is crucial. In addition, the bowel function must be regularly evaluated for the entire duration of treatment with opioids. Furthermore, if the patient has preexisting constipation that is well under control, continuation of that treatment is important. In the absence of such history, general recommendations should include sufficient fluid intake, physical activity, and regular intake of dietary fiber. In patients of OIC with ongoing opioid therapy, the necessity of opioid use should be critically reevaluated in terms of an with acceptable quality of life, particularly in cases of non-cancer pain. If opioids must be continued, lowering the dose may help, as well as changing the type of opioid. If these measures do not suffice, the next step for persistent OIC is the administration of laxatives. If these are ineffective as well, treatment with peripherally active ${\mu}$-opioid receptor antagonists should be considered. Enemas and irrigation are emergency measures, often used as a last resort.

• Acute and Critical Care
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.252-259
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• 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of using a systematic approach to tracheostomy care by a clinical nurse specialist and surgical intensivists for patients with a tracheostomy who were transferred from the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) to the general ward. Methods: In this retrospective study, subjects were limited to SICU patients with a tracheostomy who were transferred to the general ward. The study period was divided into a preintervention period (January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2010) and a postintervention period (January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2014), and electronic medical records were used to analyze and compare patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, and readmission to the SICU. Results: The analysis included 44 patients in the preintervention group and 96 patients in the postintervention group. Decannulation time ($26.7{\pm}25.1$ vs. $12.1{\pm}16.0days$, P=0.003), length of stay in the general ward ($70.6{\pm}89.1$ vs. $40.5{\pm}42.2days$, P=0.008), length of total hospital stay ($107.5{\pm}95.6$ vs. $74.7{\pm}51.2days$, P=0.009), and readmission rate of SICU decreased due to T-cannula occlusion (58.8% vs. 5.9%, P=0.010). Conclusions: Using a systematic approach to tracheostomy care in the general ward led to reduction in decannulation time through professional management, which resulted in a shorter hospital stay. It also lowered SICU readmission by solving problems related to direct T-cannula.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제87권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2024

Post-intensive care unit (ICU) syndrome may occur after ICU treatment and includes ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW), cognitive decline, and mental problems. ICU-AW is muscle weakness in patients treated in the ICU and is affected by the period of mechanical ventilation. Diaphragmatic weakness may also occur because of respiratory muscle unloading using mechanical ventilators. ICU-AW is an independent predictor of mortality and is associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay. Diaphragm weakness is also associated with poor outcomes. Therefore, pulmonary rehabilitation with early mobilization and respiratory muscle training is necessary in the ICU after appropriate patient screening and evaluation and can improve ICU-related muscle weakness and functional deterioration.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the perceived nursing work environment (NWE) on person-centered critical care nursing (PCCN) practices among nurses in intensive care units (ICUs). Methods : A cross-sectional research design was adopted for this study; participants were 126 ICU nurses working in five hospitals in B city. From December 2018 to February 2019, a survey questionnaire on NWE and PCCN were conducted. The collected data were analyzed with a multiple hierarchical regression analysis. Results : The mean score for NWE was $2.98{\pm}0.39$. Among the factors, basic work system was the highest ($3.39{\pm}0.41$), followed by leadership of the head nurse ($3.31{\pm}0.55$), interpersonal relationships ($2.77{\pm}0.62$), and institutional support ($2.58{\pm}0.52$). The mean score for PCCN was $3.52{\pm}0.46$. Among the factors, comfort was the highest ($3.77{\pm}0.62$), followed by respect ($3.55{\pm}0.56$), compassion ($3.43{\pm}0.60$), and individuality ($3.38{\pm}0.56$). The interpersonal relationship (${\beta}=.31$, p=.001) and the number of patients per shift (${\beta}=-.23$, p=.005) had a significant effect on PCCN, accounting for 25.9% of the total variance. Conclusion : These results suggest that it is necessary to enhance the relationship-oriented culture and reduce the workload of nurses in order to improve the quality of nursing care in ICUs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.375-380
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• 2002

배경: 개심술후 발생하는 흉골감염은 심각한 합병증일 뿐만 아니라 술후 사망률을 높이는 한 요인이 된다. 저자들은 1999년 7월 집중치료실 및 수술장 이전을 계기로 이를 전후로한 환자들의 흉골감염 발생현황을 비교 분석함으로써 집중치료실 및 수술장 개선이 흉골감염에 미치는 영향을 알고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 집중치료실 및 수술장 이전 시점을 전후로 하여 1997년 1월 1일부터 1998년 12월 31일까지 개심술을 시행받은 환자 237명을 Group I으로, 2000년 1월 1일부터 2001년 7월 31일까지 개심술을 시행받은 환자 216명을 Group II로 분류하여 총 453명을 대상으로 하였다. 만 15세 이상의 성인 환자에서 정중흉골절개술 및 심폐바이패스를 시행한 경우만을 포함하였고 흉골감염 이외의 원인으로 사망한 예는 포함하지 않았다. 결과: 흉골감염은 GroupI에서 18례(8.0%), Group II에서 1례(0.49%) 발생하였다. 흉골감염에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려진 위험인자 중에서 응급수술여부, 심폐바이패스시간, 수술시간, 수혈량, 기관절개술유무, 재수술여부 등이 유의한 연관성이 있었으며, 이들을 대상으로 시행한 로지스틱 회귀분석에서 집중치료실과 수술장의 이전이 흉골감염에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.(p=0.029, 95% 신뢰구간 0.011∼0.788). 결론: 개심술후 흉골감염에 영향을 주는 여러 인자들이 알려져 있지만 집중치료실 및 수술장의 개선이 흉골감염의 발생을 줄일 수 있는 하나의 방법으로 생각된다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2014

Background: It is known to reduce the mortality when glutamine is supplied to patients during the surgery or in intensive care unit through intravenous nutrition supply. The purpose of this study is to establish the appropriate basis for use of glutamine and guidelines of nutrition supply for critically ill patients in the hospital by examining the clinical effects of administration of glutamine with subjects of elderly critically ill patients receiving intravenous nutrition in one hospital in Korea. Method: Among elderly patients with age of 60 or more hospitalized in Yeuido St. Mary's Hospital from August 2012 to July 2013, those who stayed in the intensive care unit for more than a week and received TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition) for more than 3 days during staying in the intensive care unit were classified to a test group using glutamine and a control group without glutamine. Duration of use of mechanical ventilator, duration of hospitalization, occurrence of infectious disease and death were compared between two groups. We would like to identify the clinical test figures affected by the use of glutamine by examining changes in SCr, Total Protein, Albumin, AST, ALT, TB, DB and GFR at the time of admission and discharge. Results: At the time of admission to intensive care unit, gender, physical measurement information and clinical test figures did not show any significant difference between 72 subjects in a test group and 24 subjects in a control group. Thus, two groups began in the same condition. There were no significant difference in duration of hospitalization, duration of intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilator, occurrence of infectious disease and death. As the results of statistical analysis of the average changes of clinical test figures at the time of admission and discharge of intensive care unit, SCr and GFR were significantly changed in the test group. GFR was significantly changed in a control group. As the result of analysis of the clinical test figures at the time of discharge with reflection of average changes after clinical test figures were corrected at the time of admission of intensive care unit, TB and GFR were significantly increased in a test group compared with those in a control group. Other clinical test figures were not significantly changed. Conclusion: If glutamine is administered to critically ill patients over age 60 receiving TPN and careful monitoring for total bilirubin is made in the future, it is expected to give the positive effect on renal function andminimize the side effect of arise in total bilirubin.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2012

Objective: With the background of aging population in China and advances in clinical medicine, the amount of operations on old patients increases correspondingly, which imposes increasing challenges to critical care medicine and geriatrics. The study was designed to describe information on the length of ICU stay from a single institution experience of old critically ill gastric cancer patients after surgery and the framework of incorporating data-mining techniques into the prediction. Methods: A retrospective design was adopted to collect the consecutive data about patients aged 60 or over with a gastric cancer diagnosis after surgery in an adult intensive care unit in a medical university hospital in Shenyang, China, from January 2010 to March 2011. Characteristics of patients and the length their ICU stay were gathered for analysis by univariate and multivariate Cox regression to examine the relationship with potential candidate factors. A regression tree was constructed to predict the length of ICU stay and explore the important indicators. Results: Multivariate Cox analysis found that shock and nutrition support need were statistically significant risk factors for prolonged length of ICU stay. Altogether, eight variables entered the regression model, including age, APACHE II score, SOFA score, shock, respiratory system dysfunction, circulation system dysfunction, diabetes and nutrition support need. The regression tree indicated comorbidity of two or more kinds of shock as the most important factor for prolonged length of ICU stay in the studied sample. Conclusions: Comorbidity of two or more kinds of shock is the most important factor of length of ICU stay in the studied sample. Since there are differences of ICU patient characteristics between wards and hospitals, consideration of the data-mining technique should be given by the intensivists as a length of ICU stay prediction tool.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.296-306
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to compare the physical injury, emotional response and unplanned self-removal of medical devices in patients with physical restraints and patients not restrained. Methods: Eighty patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital in Seoul participated in this study. Forty patients made up each group and the group not restrained was matched with the restraint group for age and history of smoking and alcohol consumption. Data on occurrence of physical injury, intensity of anxiety, stage of agitation and unplanned self-removal of medical devices were collected by observation and medical chart review using a structured instrument. Statistical processing of collected data was done with the SPSS WIN 17.0 program. Results: The physically restrained group experienced more physical injuries and recorded significantly higher levels of anxiety and agitation than the unrestrained group. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in occurrence of unplanned self-removal of medical devices. Conclusion: Results indicate a need for critical care nurses to carefully monitor physical injuries and emotional responses of physically restrained patients and to develop nursing interventions to prevent adverse effects associated with restraint use. There is also a need to develop patient safety guidelines when using physical restraints.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2005

Purpose: The main cause of death due to acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning is believed acute respiratory failure caused by cholinergic reactions. Recently, advances in respiratory and intensive care make it possible to maintain the respiratory function of patients with OP poisoning, but the mortality rates remain high. The present study clarified the hemodynamics of patients with acute lethal OP poisoning. The purpose of this study was to analyse the outcomes and predictors of mortality in patients with acute OP poisoning requiring intensive care. Methods: We reviewed medical and intensive care records of patients with acute OP poisoning admitted to emergency department and ICU between March 1998 and Aug 2005. We collected patient information regarding poisoning, clinical, and demographic features. Results: During the study period, 67 subjects treated with intensive care and ventilator management in addition to gastric decontamination standard therapy with atropine and 2-PAM. Of 67 patients, 13 died. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a steep decline in the cumulative survival to $86.6\%$ during the first week. Mean arterial pressure < 60 mmHg within the first 24 hours was recognized as a poor prognostic indicators among mechanical ventilated patients. Conclusion: Most OP poisoning-related deaths occurred within the first week of poisoning. Mean arterial pressure lower than 60 mmHg might be the best predictor of poor outcome. We speculated that the refractory hypotension is the leading cause of death in patients with lethal OP poisoning that receiving mechanical ventilation and maximal supportive care.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.563-572
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 네트워크 메타분석 방법을 활용하여 중환자실 환자들의 욕창예방 중재의 비교효과와 순위를 평가하기 위하여 수행하였다. 네트워크 메타 분석은 R software의 "netmeta": 패키지를 이용한 빈도주의 방법을 이용하였다. 최종적으로 10편의 논문이 선정되었으며. 네트워크 메타 분석에 결과에 따른 욕창예방의 프로그램의 중재 간 비교우위는 욕창 표준중재와 비교하여 순위는 피부보호 용품 사용이(P-Score 85.3.%: OR=0.12, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.49) 가장 효과적일 확률이 높았으며 두 번째는 실리콘 폼 드레싱(P-Score 84.5%: OR=0.14, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.38)으로 나타났다. 그 다음으로는 통합중재 (P-Score 60.0%: OR=0.29, 95% CI: 0.07, 1.25), 체위변경 (P-Score 32.3%: OR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.21, 2.09) 그리고 마찰을 감소시킬 수 있는 직물의 사용(P-Score 23.8%: OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.20, 3.65) 순이었다. 본 연구의 결과는 중환자실 욕창예방 프로그램의 효과적인 적용을 위한 정보를 제공 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.