• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical significance of T1 high signal intensity on the globus pallidus as a predictor of severe hepatic encephalopathy in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), which is a distinct syndrome characterized by multi-organ dysfunction including cerebral failure. Materials and Methods: From January 2002 to April 2014, we retrospectively reviewed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and clinical and magnetic resonance (MR) features of 74 consecutive patients (44 men and 30 women; mean age, 59.5 years) with liver cirrhosis. The chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment score was used to diagnose ACLF. The pallidal index (PI), calculated by dividing the mean signal intensity of the globus pallidus by that of the subcortical frontal white matter were compared according to ACLF. The PI was compared with the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score in predicting the development of ACLF. Results: Fifteen patients who were diagnosed with ACLF had higher hepatic encephalopathy grades (initial, P = 0.024; follow-up, P = 0.002), MELD scores (P < 0.001), and PI (P = 0.048). In the ACLF group, the mean PI in patients with cerebral failure was significantly higher than that in the patients without cerebral failure (1.33 vs. 1.20, P = 0.039). In patients with ACLF, the area under the curve (AUC) for PI was 0.680 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.52-0.85), which was significantly lower than that for the MELD score (AUC, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77-0.99) (P = 0.04). Conclusion: The PI can be an ancillary biomarker for predicting the development of ACLF and severe hepatic encephalopathy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.204-215
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• 2000

Objectives: This study was conducted to establish the study form of atopic dermatitis in oriental medicine, to find out the effect of herbal medicine and to compare Bangpungtongsungsan group with symptom-complexes prescription group. Methods: We gave scores(1-3) to the 37 outpatients who visited the dept. of Ophthalmotolaryngology & Dermatosurgery of the Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center from June 1,2000 to September 30, 2000. According to transformed the G. Rajka, T. Langeland and Jon M. Hanifin standard. We checked the Eosinophil count, IgE and the scores (intensity: the degree of itching, course: the degree of itching during a year, extent: erythema, lichenification, scaling. dryness, erosion' oozing). After herbal treatment for 6 weeks, we checked the above factors again in the same way. In treatment, we divided the patients into Bangpungtongsungsan group and Symptom-complexes group for cross-comparison. Results: There were 19 patients we could check by score and 14 patients by laboratory. 1. In the 14 lab cases, the number of abnormal value of Eosinophil count and IgE was decreased but it was not significant. 2. In the 19 cases by score, clinical severity of the intensity of itching, lichenification, scaling' dryness was significantly decreased between the before- and after-herbal treatment periods (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05). 3. In 19 cases, clinical severity of erythema, erosion. oozing was decreased after herbal treatment but it was not significant(p>0.05). 4. In point of total score, clinical severity of atopic dermatitis was significantly decreased after herbal treatment(p<0.01). 5. There was no significant difference between Bangpungtongsungsan group and Symptom-complexes group(P<0.05). Conclusions: Although more study is needed, these results indicate that herbal treatment is effective on atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.440-448
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effects of a physical activity reinforcement program on exercise compliance, depression, and anxiety in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) patients. Method: A nonequivalent control group with a pre-post test was designed. Data collection was done from December, 2002 to June, 2003 at a hoapital. The degree of depression and anxiety of the patients was assessed by the score of SCL-90-R, and exercise compliance was measured by exercise period, frequency, time and intensity. The experimental group was composed of 19 participants who were educated based on an exercise education protocol and carried out walking exercises two to four times a week after hearing verbal persuasion biweekly through the telephone or a face-to-face interview for 12 weeks, while 17 participants in control group received no intervention. Result: 1. The experimental group showed significant improvement in self-efficacy of exercise compliance (U=79.00, p=.01), exercise period ($x^2$=20.84, p=.00), exercise frequency ($x^2$=9.03, p=.0l), exercise time ($x^2$=9.03, p=.0l) and exercise intensity ($x^2$=11.09, p=.00) compared to those of the control group. 2. The experimental group showed a lower depression score (U=84.50, p=.01) than the results of the control group. 3. However, there were no changes in anxiety level compared to the control group. Conclusion: The physical activity reinforcement program was found to have an effect on exercise compliance and the depression score of CAPD patients. The results provided evidence for the importance of physical activity and verbal persuasion in CAPD patients.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2008

This study was designed to examine the effect of depressive mood on identification of emotional facial expression. Participants were screened out of 305 college students on the basis of the BDI-II score. Students with BDI-II score higher than 14(upper 20%) were selected for the Depression Group and those with BDI-II score lower than 5(lower 20%) were selected for the Control Group. A final sample of 20 students in the Depression Group and 20 in the Control Group were presented with facial expression stimuli of an increasing degree of emotional intensity, slowly changing from a neutral to a full intensity of happy, sad, angry, or fearful expressions. The result showed that there was the significant interaction of Group by Emotion(esp. happy and sad) which suggested that depressive mood affects processing of emotional stimuli such as facial expressions. Implication of this result for mood-congruent information processing were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Purpose : We investigated the effects of microcurrent(MC) electrical stimulation on each intensity($100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$ - 30pps frequency was same) on delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS). Methods : Subjects were assigned randomly divided into three groups of eight for three different treatment protocoals($100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$-experimental groups). Twenty-four healthy males and females subjects were participated in this study. All subjects performed eccentric exercise of elbow flexor(biceps brachii) until exhausted. The measured items of elbow flexor muscle strength were Nicholas Manual Muscle Taster(NMMT). The measured items of elbow joint range of motion ROM) were Goniometer. The measured items of elbow flexor muscle pain were visual analogue scale(VAS). Treatment were applied at 30 minute exercise after and again at 24 hours and at 48 hours and at 72 hours after. Measurements were taken after treatment. Analysis of Results using repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA) and post hoc tests were as follows: two-way ANOVA with repeated measurement for muscle strength, flexion ROM, extension ROM and VAS. Results : This results showed eccentric exercise casused DOMS, DOMS response to eccentric exercise were reduces by microcurrent therapy. DOMS was significant decreased at $100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$. Muscle strength was significant difference at all intensity. Elbow flexion ROM was significant difference at all intensity but elbow extension ROM was insignificant difference at all intensity. VAS score was significant difference at $100{\mu}A$ and $500{\mu}A$ but insignificant difference at $200{\mu}A$. All experimental groups showed insignificant difference with all intensity MENS. Conclusion : These findings indicate that microcurrent therapy is had effect on recovery from exercise induced muscle damage. In our's suggestion, microcurrent therapy is particularly more appropriate therapeutic modality.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2021

Purpose: During 2015-2019, the average amount of political donation to the national assembly members in Korea was 1,000 won per person. Despite its benefits such as receiving tax credits, the donation system has not been actively practiced. This paper aims to promote political donations by suggesting a recommendation system of national assembly members by analysing the bills they proposed. Methods: In this paper, we propose a recommendation system based on two aspects: how similar the newly proposed or ammended bills are to the sponsors' interest (similarity index) and how much effort national assembly members put into those bills (intensity index). More than 25,000 bills were used to measure the recommendation quality index consisted with both the similarity and the intensity indices. Word2vec was used to calculate the similarity index of the bills proposed by the national assembly member to the sponsor's interest. The intensity index is calculated by diving the number of newly proposed or entirely revised bills with the number of senators who took part in those bills. Subsequently, we multiply the similarity index by the intensity index to obtain the recommendation quality index that can assist sponsors to identify potential assembly members for their donation. Results: We apply the proposed recommendation system to personas for illustration. The recommendation system showed an average f1 score about 0.69. The analysis results provide insights in recommendation for donation. Conclusion: n this study, the recommendation system was proposed to promote a political donation for national assembly members by creating the recommendation quality index based on the similarity and the intensity indices. We expect that the system presented in this paper will lower user barriers to political information, thereby boosting political sponsorship and increasing political participation.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.225-235
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• 1994

Concidering environmental education as an ultimate resolution for environmental problems, we conducted a study focusing on affective matters. An instrument was developed to evaluate attitudes of elementary and middle school students toward environmental problems. To develop a reliable Likert-type evaluation instrument scale with which emotional intensity could be judged, mean, standard deviation, response frequency distribution, discrimination index, reliability were calculated. As a result, 21 statements for recognition level and 14 statements for behavioral level were made(The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the instrument was .786). This instrument was used to evaluate 5th and 6th grade elementary school students and 1st and 2nd grade middle school students(total number of subjects was 980). The result of this survey can be summarized as follows. 1. Students recognized the seriousness of environmental problems but they did not behave in such a manner as to prevent it. 2. As a result of t-test, behavioral level score of elemenatary school students was significantly higher than that of middle school students(p<.001). 3. This study showed that there was a significant correlation between the recognition level score and the behavioral level score(r=.386, p<.001). 4. Two-Way ANOVA was used to analyze that there was any significant difference according to grade and sex. The results were as follows. (1) No significant difference was found in total score. (2) On recognition level, female students' score was signigicantly higher than that of male students(p<.01). (3) On behavioral level, higher-grade students' score was lower than that of lower-grade-students (p<.001).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.85-99
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of a long-term Korean Medicine Treatment on 1035 atopic dermatitis patients Methods : Objective SCORAD Index(OSI) is used for measuring the degree of atopic dermatitis with photos of total 1035 atopic dermatitis patients who has visited oriental clinic from January 9, 2011 to October 31, 2013. Then, OSI was estimated according to gender, age, period of treatment and intensity. Results : 1. The ratio of male to female was 44.4 : 55.6. All patients were constituted with 26.5% of 0~11 year-old group, 15.7% of 12~18 year-old and 57.9% of 19 and more year-old. 2. The ratio of OSI improvement was significantly higher in women than in men after 3 month treatment, but there was no significant difference after 6, 9 and 12 months. 3. The OSI improvement of 0~11 year-old group was significantly higher than the other groups after 3 month treatment. But at the other periods of treatment, there was no significantly difference of the improvement among 3 different groups of age. 4. After 3, 6, 9 and 12 month treatment, the score of OSI was significantly lower than before treatment. After 12 month treatment, the score of OSI was lowest compared to the other periods of treatment. 5. The final OSI score of 87.7% patients was decreased compared to the initial. 6. All patients had been divided with 1.93% of the mild, 22.7% of the moderate and 75.4% of the severe by OSI intensity at initial visit. At final visit, the composition of patients was changed to 14.6% of the mild, 53.7% of the moderate and 31.7% of the severe. 7. The mild patients had got 42.56% of OSI improvement at the final. And the moderate had got 37.72% of OSI improvement at the final. 8. The severe patients had got 36.76% of OSI improvement at the final. And 89.2% of the severe had got decreased final OSI score compared to the initial. Conclusion : There was a definite decreasing of OSI score on the significant rate of Atopic dermatitis patients who had been treated by Korean medicine treatment at least for 3 months.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.136-152
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to identify the prevalence of fatigue. and factors influencing fatigue in women with rheumatoid arthritis. The subjects were 124 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Most of all patients felt fatigue and mean score measured by Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue was relatirely high. Fatigue was positively correlated with pain intensity, the number of pain sites, functional disability, depression. and sleep quality. A hierachical regression model was used to determine the variance which accounts for fatigue. Pain intensity, depression. sleep quality accounted for fatigue significantly. This finding indicates that pain influences fatigue through depression and sleep quality ; depression through sleep quality. The causative factors could be identified by further study of structural eqation model.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.353-360
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of depression, somatization, and jaw disability on graded chronic pain of TMD using Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Ninety-three patients (17 men and 76 women, mean$\pm$SD age of 30.1$\pm$12.5 years) diagnosed with TMD based on RDC/TMD axis I criteria were administered RDC/TMD axis II history questionnaire. The relationships between depression, somatization, jaw disability, and each parameters of graded chronic pain (e.g. pain intensity, pain days, disability score, disability days, graded chronic pain scale) were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Among 93 TMD patients, the prevalence of low disability group of graded chronic pain scale was 42.0% and high disability group of graded chronic pain scale was 51.5%. 2. Depression did not show any significant influences on pain intensity, pain days, disability score, disability days, and graded chronic pain scale. 3. Somatization showed a significant effect on pain intensity (p<0.01), disability days (p<0.01), and graded chronic pain scale (p<0.01) except for both pain days and disability score. 4. Jaw disability also showed a significant effect on pain intensity (P<0.001), disability days (p<0.01), and graded chronic pain scale (P<0.001) except for both pain days and disability score. Somatization and jaw disability may closely relate to the pain intensity and degree of disability that TMD patients perceive. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of psychological profile and improvement of functional limitation of jaw movements in the patient should be considered to obtain an excellent outcome of chronic TMD management.