• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2008

Purpose : This epidemiological research was conducted to investigate the relationship between the groups of TMD and the behavioral, psychological, and physical symptoms through RDC/TMD. Subjects and Methods : The subjects of this research were the 286 patients who had visited Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; their common chief complaint was temporomandibular discomfort. The mean age of the patients was 32.9 from 11 to 85, and the number of men and women was 67 and 219, respectively. The patients were examined through clinical and radiological methods and diagnosed by 1 investigator. They were divided into 3 groups: myogenous group (group 1), arthrogenous group (group 2), and combined group (group 3). The behavioral, psychological, and physical symptoms were evaluated through questionnaires on RDC/TMD. Specific items were selected to calculate the graded chronic pain (characteristic pain intensity, disability points), jaw disability, depression, and non-specific physical symptoms (pain items included/excluded) in the questionnaire. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-square test were applied as statistical methods. Results : As a result of classifying temporomandibular disorder in this study, the patients were distributed as follows: 9.1% of group 1, 79.7% of group 2, and 11.2% of group 3. In the analysis of graded chronic pain (characteristic pain intensity, disability points), jaw disability, and non-specific physical symptoms (pain items included/excluded), group 3 had the highest score, and the difference was significant (p<0.001). Moreover, the depression score of group 3 was significantly higher than groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Note that that the second order of jaw disability score was group 2, on the other hand, those of the other groups were group 1. Conclusion : Myofascial pain could be assumed to be related closely to the behavioral, psychological, and physical symptoms except jaw disability compared to joint pain through RDC/TMD.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.363-369
• /
• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to prepare evidence for the prevention and management of nonspecific chronic neck pain (NSCNP) by examining the correlation between activity of daily living and physical activities of office workers with NSCNP. Design: Crossed-sectional study Methods: 89 patients with NSCNP were recruited for this study. But 2 subjects met the exclusion criteria and were dropped out, and 86 subjects finally participated. Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and neck disability index (NDI) were used to check the pain intensity and disability of patients with neck pain, respectively. For the activity of daily living, computer use time, sleep time, and driving time were used. To find out the physical activities of the subjects, International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ-SF) was used. Correlation analysis was performed to find out the correlation of each variable. Results: A clear positive correlation was established between computer use time and pain (p<0.05), and a clear positive correlation was established between computer use time and disability index (p<0.05). The correlation between NPRS and NDI and physical activity total time, high intensity activity score, moderate intensity activity score, and walking score were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: In treating patients with NSCNP, it is necessary to reduce the computer usage time as a professional factor or to educate the proper posture. In addition, rather than emphasizing physically comprehensive physical activity, grafting therapeutic exercise directly related to neck pain could have a more positive effect on NSCNP patients.

• 대한치매학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2022

Background and Purpose: The effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions on functional brain changes in older adults remain unclear. This preliminary study aimed to explore the effect of physical exercise intervention (PEI), including HIIT, on cognitive function, physical performance, and electroencephalogram patterns in Korean elderly people. Methods: We enrolled six non-dementia participants aged >65 years from a community health center. PEI was conducted at the community health center for 4 weeks, three times/week, and 50 min/day. PEI, including HIIT, involved aerobic exercise, resistance training (muscle strength), flexibility, and balance. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for data analysis. Results: After the PEI, there was improvement in the 30-second sit-to-stand test result (16.2±7.0 times vs. 24.8±5.5 times, p=0.027), 2-minute stationary march result (98.3±27.2 times vs. 143.7±36.9 times, p=0.027), T-wall response time (104.2±55.8 seconds vs.71.0±19.4 seconds, p=0.028), memory score (89.6±21.6 vs. 111.0±19.1, p=0.028), executive function score (33.3±5.3 vs. 37.0±5.1, p=0.046), and total Literacy Independent Cognitive Assessment score (214.6±30.6 vs. 241.6±22.8, p=0.028). Electroencephalography demonstrated that the beta power in the frontal region was increased, while the theta power in the temporal region was decreased (all p<0.05). Conclusions: Our HIIT PEI program effectively improved cognitive function, physical fitness, and electroencephalographic markers in elderly individuals; thus, it could be beneficial for improving functional brain activity in this population.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 2002

There is much confusion in the field of atopic dermatitis (AD) regarding how to best measuredisease severity objectively. Therefore, we aimed to establish a new adequate scoring system for AD, that should be based on comparisonand analysis of various scoring systems. We report as follows. Methods: We searched for data relating to severity scoring systems for atopic dermatitis in Entrez PubMed From 1990 to 2001 Results and Conclusions: 1. Properties of severity scoring systems were validity, reliability, sensitivity of change and ease of use. 2. The essential items of severity scoring systems were extent. intensity and subjective symptoms. 3. The surface extent of the lesion was evaluated by the percentage of involvement of each of 10 areas. 4. The criteria of severity were divided into intensity and subjective symptoms. Intensity items are erythema, papulation, lichenification, oozing, dryness, excoriations, and pigmentation. The subjective symptom is pruritus, evaluated according to sleep loss. 5. The significant items of severity scoring system were symptomsrather than areas. As it were, we assumed extent accounted for around 30% of each total score, with intensity and subjective symptoms representing 70%.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.667-675
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the relation between differently measured sports activities (metabolic equivalent [MET] and peak strain score) and distal radius bone mineral density in college-aged women. Methods: lifetime sports activity was scored in two different ways: 1) a sports activity score by multiplying the intensity (METs) and duration and 2) a sports activity score by adding up physical strain scores based on the ground reaction force of each sports activities. Bone mineral density was measured using dual energy x-ray densitometry (DTX-200) in the distal radius site. Results: In stepwise multiple regression analysis, body weight and sports activities during the college period were significant positive predictors for distal radius bone mineral density. The explained variance of sports activity measured with a peak strain score (8.8%) for distal radius bone mineral density was higher than one measured with the MET score (3.3%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that sports activity scores based on MET and peak strain scores during college are very important for determining the bone mineral density in the distal radius site in women under 30.

• 임상간호연구
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.162-176
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to perform an operating room nursing activities analysis and estimate nursing intensity of each nursing activity based on the Relative Value Scale (RVS). Methods: The methodology for this study of RVS was based on the work of Hsiao et al. The first stage was to identify nursing activities and the second to measure intensity of nursing activities including technical skill, mental effort, and stress. Results: Calculation of the RVS for 99 nursing practices showed a score range from 300.00 to 1337.78. CS operation assistant, OS operation assistant, and obtaining certification had high nursing intensity. Surgical hand washing, putting on surgical gowns, surgical gloves and surgical caps and mask had low nursing intensity. Conclusion: The activities of operating room are not compensated separately but reimbursement is usually included in physician fees. In the future, an estimation of nursing cost should show the nursing contribution rate to total operation revenue.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.5-16
• /
• 1992

The purposes of this study were : 1) to evaluate validity of a pain rating scale using the level of correlation between the Korean Pain Rating Scale(KPRS), Short -Form KPRS(SKPRS) and the Graphic Rating Scale(GRS). 2) to identify sensitivity of the scale using pain behavior of patients with chronic pain. Of the 2025 patients with chronic pain who visited the orthopedic and neurosurgical out - patients departments of 11 university hospitals in various districts of Korea, 520 subjects were selected through convenient sampling and responded to the questionnaires by mail. The results of the study can be summarized as follows : 1. The mean pain score measured by the KPRS was 444,85 : the mean sensory score was 209.47, the mean affective score, 147.63 and the mean miscellaneus score. 87.75. The mean pain score measured by the GRS was 20.11 : the mean sensory intensity score, 10.54. and the mean distress score, 9.57. 2. The average number of hours of rest during the day was 3.3, the average score of discomfort in carrying out ADL was 99, the average frequency of pain relieving practices was 3.0, the average number of pain sites was 3.6. 3. The most sensitive scale to differentiate each group was the GRS, the KPRS and SKPRS were less sensitive than the GRS. 4. The intercorrelation between the KPRS total score and the GRS score(.500) as well as that of the SKPRS score were highly correlated(.652), but intercorrelation between the SKPRS score and the GRS score(.172) was not high. Based on the above results, it was found that the SKPRS must be studied further to obtain validity.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.811-823
• /
• 2021

Objective: Eggshell color is an important indicator of egg quality for consumers, especially for brown eggs. Various factors related to laying hens and their environment affect brown eggshell coloration. However, there have been no studies investigating hepatic functions of laying hens with variable intensity of brown eggshell color. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify potential factors affecting brown eggshell coloration in aged laying hens at the hepatic transcriptomic level. Methods: Five hundred 92-wk-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were screened to select laying hens with different intensity of brown eggshell color based on eggshell color fans. Based on eggshell color scores, hens with dark brown eggshells (DBE; eggshell color fan score = 14.8) and hens with light brown eggshells (LBE; eggshell color fan score = 9.7) were finally selected for the liver sampling. We performed RNA-seq analysis using the liver samples through the paired-end sequencing libraries. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) profiling was carried out to identify their biological meaning by bioinformatics. Results: A total of 290 DEGs were identified with 196 being up-regulated and 94 being down-regulated in DBE groups as compared to LBE groups. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that these DEGs belong to several biological pathways including herpes simplex infection (toll-like receptor 3 [TLR3], cyclin-dependent kinase 1, etc.) and influenza A (TLR3, radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2, myxovirus [influenza virus] resistance 1, etc.). Genes related to stress response (ceremide kinase like) and nutrient metabolism (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy-kinase 1, methylmalonic aciduria [cobalamin deficiency] cblB type, glycine receptor alpha 2, solute carrier family 7 member 11, etc.) were also identified to be differentially expressed. Conclusion: The current results provide new insights regarding hepatic molecular functions related to different intensity of brown eggshell color in aged laying hens. These insights will contribute to future studies aiming to optimize brown eggshell coloration in aged laying hens.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.565-574
• /
• 2021

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe form of pain that affects the daily activities of a patient. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy is an emerging option for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TENS therapy as an adjunct to drug therapy for the treatment of TN. Methods: A total of 52 patients diagnosed with TN according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (version 3) were included. Each patient was randomized to either the TENS or placebo TENS groups. Intervention was given in continuous mode and 100-Hz frequency for 20 mins biweekly for 6 weeks. Parameters were measured at baseline, TENS completion and 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year of follow up. The parameters observed were mean carbamazepine dose, mean visual analog scale (VAS) score, mean present pain intensity (PPI) score, and functional outcome. Non-parametric analyses, one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were applied for intragroup comparisons, while the Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test were used for intergroup comparisons of variables. The chi-square test was applied to analyze categorical data. Results: Compared to the placebo TENS group, the mean dose of carbamazepine in the TENS group was significantly reduced at TENS completion, as well as at 6 months and 1 year follow up. Changes in mean VAS score, mean PPI score, and functional outcome did not show significant differences between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: TENS therapy does not lead to any changes in pain levels but it may reduce the mean dose of carbamazepine when used as an adjunct treatment in patients with TN.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.207-210
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study was to identify the effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy on pain and function of a frozen shoulder. Methods: Thirty patients were assigned to two groups: the experimental group (n=15) and the control group (n=15). Both groups received traditional therapy for 4 weeks, 3 days a week. The experimental group, however, received an additional high intensity laser therapy. Pain was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The functional ability was measured using the patient specific functional scale (PSFS). A paired t-test was used to determine any differences before and after the treatment, and an independent t-test was used to determine any differences between treatment groups. Results: Both groups showed a statistically significant difference for VAS and PSFS score (p<0.05). In comparison between two groups, more experimental group than control group statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: There seems to be a positive effect on pain and function of frozen shoulder from using high intensity laser therapy.