• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.250-258
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was done to assess the influence of application time of Lidocaine patch on pain intensity following venipuncture in hospital. Methods: The participants were 31 adult patients admitted to J hospital in G city. Patients' anxiety, blood pressure and pulse were measured when no patch was applied and when a patch was applied. To evaluate the pain intensity and physiological index caused by venipuncture, blood pressure, pulse and pain intensity were checked for patients in the no patch group, and for a 5 minutes of application and 30 minutes application patch. Pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale, anxiety using the Profile of Mood states developed McNair et al. and modified by Lee. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: Anxiety and pain were significantly reduced when a lidocaine patch was applied following venipuncture. There was no significant difference in pain intensity whether the lidocaine patch application is for 30 minutes or application for 5 minutes. Conclusion: Results of this study show that application of lidocaine patch can be used as a nursing intervention for pain reduction by showing that there is no need to wait a long time for pain to be reduced.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the potential benefits of microcurrent stimulation as a non-invasive therapeutic approach for managing pain and improving the quality of life in women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. Design: A case study. Methods: This study was conducted, involving a cohort of 6 women diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea, aged between 20 to 30 years. Participants were received microcurrent stimulation using low-intensity microcurrents for 30 minutes every day for 4 weeks. The intensity of microcurrent stimulation was 25 μA and the frequency was 8 Hz. The intervention was administered between the menstruations, with pain intensity and quality of life being assessed at baseline, and then at the end of menstrual cycle. Pain intensity was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) and menstrual symptom questionnaire (MSQ), while the quality of life was assessed through the stress response inventory (SRI), state trait anxiety inventory (STAI), center for epidemiologic studies depression (CES-D), and menstrual distress questionnaire (MEDI-Q). Results: After the intervention, participants demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in pain intensity, as evidenced by improved VAS scores (p<0.05). However, the changes in MSQ scores did not reach statistical significance. Regarding quality of life measures, no statistically significant differences were found in the SRI, STAI, CES-D, and MEDI-Q scores after the intervention (p>0.05). Conclusions: This study suggest that microcurrent stimulation holds promise as a potential treatment option for alleviating pain associated with primary dysmenorrhea.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2020

Purpose: This paper examines the theoretical grounds for the disclosure of the Korea Fair Trade Commission. Three central measures of the disclosure are scrutinized: The interconnected status of affiliate companies, the important matters of private affiliates, and the large internal transactions. Contemplating on three measures, respectively, we review the rationale and derive policy implications. Research design, data, and methodology: Collecting the data of violation rates and remedial measures, we analyze the intensity of the disclosure enforcement. These statistics are critically reviewed by the economic literature of mandatory disclosure. Results: Statistics evince that the Korea Fair Trade Commission has enforced the regulatory disclosure quite successfully. Violation rates of the disclosure has declined from the outset. It demonstrates that the Korea Fair Trade Commission has enforced those measures satisfactorily for about a decade. But we cannot ascertain empirically whether the regulatory disclosures are socially and economically beneficial. To evaluate the effect of the regulatory disclosures precisely, we need a further empirical investigation. Conclusions: Despite the lack of policy evaluation, this study suggests complementary measures for current disclosures. First, disclosure of executive compensation in privately held subsidiaries must be introduced. Second, the controlling shareholder/manager should be responsible for information disclosure on foreign subsidiaries.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

Purpose: Fine dust is classified as a group 1 carcinogen and poses a significant environmental problem that urgently requires improvement to protect the environmental rights of citizens. Given the difficulty of implementing measures to reduce overseas sources of fine dust, it is essential to first devise specific measures to address domestic emission sources. As such, this study aims to analyze the correlation between earthwork volume control and fine dust concentration as preliminary management measures to reduce the impact of scattering dust at construction sites. Based on real-time air quality information, field management measures will be presented to mitigate the effects of dust emissions. Research design, data and methodology: As examples, we selected construction sites that had recently undergone small-scale environmental impact assessment consultations. The standard earthwork volume was classified into grades using 20% intervals, and we applied AERMOD to predict the weighted concentration of fine dust based on the earthwork volume class and analyzed its correlation. Results: The results of this study demonstrate a strong correlation between earthwork volume and fine dust concentration. By utilizing the correlation analysis between earthwork volume and fine dust concentration on-site, this finding can be utilized as an effective fine dust management plan. Conclusions: This involves determining the daily earthwork intensity based on real-time air quality information and implementing measures to reduce scattering dust.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.145-163
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• 1994

This study was done to determine differences in effect of postoperative pain control in patients receiving auricular electroacustimulation vs transcutaneous electrical nerve stimualtion following total knee replacement surgery. Thirty-one cases referred to physical therapy department after treated by total knee replacement surgery by orthopedic surgery department at the Pohang St. Mary's Hospital from January 1993 through June 1994. Of 31 total knee replacement cases, 13 cases were auricular electroacustimulation group, 11 cases were transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group, and 7 cases were control group. The results of the study summerized are as follows: Thirty-one total knee replacement cases(male in 12 cases, female in 19 cases), ranging in age from 34 to 61 years(mean${\pm}$SD=49.90 7.56) with diagnoses of degenerative arthritis(20 cases), rheumatoid arthritis(9 cases), and other(2 cases). In auricular electroacustimulation group, there was a significant change of pain intensity, unpleasantness, and active range of motion after treatment(p<0.01). In transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group, there was a significant change of pain intensity, unpleasantness, and active range of motion after treatment(p<0.01). In control group, did not show significant pre-posttreatment differences in pain intensity, unpleasantness, active range of motion(p>0.05). The mean change in pain intensity and unpleasantness, active range of motion from pretreatment baseline for the 3 groups. Auricular electroacustimulation group showed the large magnitude of increase in pain intensity and unpleasantness, active range of motion when compared to its own pretreatment cycle. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group showed small magnitude of increase in pain intensity and unpleasantness, active range of motion when compared to its own pretreatment cycle. No significant changes were observed in control group. Highly significant differences in pain intensity, unpleasantness, and active rage of motion were found using an ANOVA measures between treatment groups and control group(p<0.01). The squares correlation coefficients of pain and function measures pretreatment-posttreatment differences for each group. In treatment group, there was significant correlation between pain scale and function(p<0.001). In control group, there was no correlation between the pain scale and function (p>0.05). The continuous study is needd for many interesting issues of auricular electroacustimulation in new future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Obstacle detection is much studied by using sensors such as laser, vision, radar and ultrasonic in path planning for UGV(Unmanned Ground Vehicle), but not much reported about its characterization. In this paper not only an obstacle classification method using 2-dimensional LMS(Laser Measurement System) but also a decision making method whether to avoid or traverse the obstacle is proposed. The basic idea of decision making is to classify the characteristics by 2D laser scanned data and intensity data. Roughness features are obtained by range data using a simple linear regression model. The standard deviations of roughness and intensity data are used as measures for decision making by comparing with those of reference data. The obstacle classification and decision making for the UGV can facilitate a short path to the target position and the survivability of the robot.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.59
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• pp.181-205
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• 2013

This study has analyzed the international trade flow of medical devices in Korea, China, and U.S. more theoretically and systematically through a mutual connection of the medical device export structure of Korea and the import structure of China and U.S. organically, with an intensity approach on the bilateral international trade flow. Also, it is meaningful to find a solution to boost exports of Korea to China and U.S.. Therefore in this study, we recognize the importance of the medical device market in China and U.S., which is the main competition for Korea and its market, and look into the trade situation of these three countries. We also look into the relative market stream and the trade intensity of the main medical devices in Korea, China and U.S., and seek measures for the steady growth of the medical device market in these three countries.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.34S no.3
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• pp.74-83
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• 1997

In this paper, a new stereo matching algorithm is proposed which uses th econstrainted optimization technique and the matching measures between the segments extracted from zero-crossing edges. The initial matching measures and average disparities are calculated by the features of segments on the searching window of the left and right images. The matching measure is calculated by applying an exponential function using the differences of slope, overlapped length and intensity. The coherency constraint is that neighbouring image points corresponding to the same object should have nearly the same disparities. The matching measures are iteratively updated by applying the coherency constraint. Simulation results on various images show that the proposed algorithm more acculately extracts the segment disparity.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.957-976
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• 2015

Recently, two energy-based response parameters, i.e., the absolute and the relative elastic input energy equivalent velocity, have been receiving a lot of research attention. Several studies, in fact, have demonstrated the potential of these intensity measures in the prediction of the seismic structural response. Although some ground motion prediction equations have been developed for these parameters, they only provide marginal distributions without information about the joint occurrence of the spectral values at different periods. In order to build new prediction models for the two equivalent velocities, a large set of ground motion records is used to calculate the correlation coefficients between the response spectral values corresponding to different periods and components of the ground motion. Then, functional forms adopted in models from the literature are calibrated to fit the obtained data. A new functional form is proposed to improve the predictions of the considered models from the literature. The components of the ground motion considered in this study are the two horizontal ones only. Potential uses of the proposed equations in addition to the prediction of the correlation coefficients of the equivalent velocity spectral values are shown, such as the prediction of derived intensity measures and the development of conditional mean spectra.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.15-23
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• 2012

This study is an attempt to explore the nature and characteristics of strategic impact of green strategy by environmental capital, corporate reputation, and technology strengths on the firm's performance across countries. The main question addressed in this paper relates to how corporate sustainability, corporate reputation, technology strength, and capabilities influence the firm's economic performance with respect to diverse dimensions of performance measures including sustained growth through the leading firms across countries in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia-Pacific countries. Particularly, this study attempts to empirically explore the directions and magnitudes of the operational links between new emerging strategic core competencies (e.g., sustainability green strategy by environmental focus for more sustainable path, corporate reputation by corporate social responsibility and image enhancement, and technology strengths to develop a new product and market) and the firm's economic performance with respect to diverse dimensions of performance such as accounting (ROE and EOA) - and market-based performance (Market value and Tobin's q). Considering all possible limitations that might exist with regard to selected samples and methods, this study demonstrates that environmental sustainability, corporate reputation, technological capabilities and competencies through R&D intensity and patent are most likely to be significantly associated with most market-based performance measures, but the strategic significance of other variables such as capital intensity, leverage, and administrative cost efficiency on performance tends to be different depending on which performance measure is used across different countries with diverse economic and business contexts.