• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.263-263
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 전 세계적으로 급속히 보급되고 있는 비담수재배를 기초로 하는 SRI(System of Rice Intensification) 벼 재배방법을 우리나라의 논 농업에 최초로 적용하여 관개기간동안 유출되는 오염부하량과 기존의 담수재배인 관행 시험포에서 유출되는 오염부하량을 산정하여 저감효과를 비교 평가하였다. 실험처리는 대조구인 담수재배(관행) 1처리(재식거리 $30{\times}15cm$)와 SRI 재배($30{\times}30cm$, $40{\times}40cm$, $50{\times}50cm$) 3처리로 2반복으로 하여 가로 5 m, 세로 15 m 크기의 논 시험포를 총 8개 조성하였다. 그리고 관개기간동안(2010년 5월부터 9월) 관개량, 강우량 그리고 강우 유출량 측정하고 수질시료를 채취하여 오염부하를 산정하였다. 관행재배의 시비와 제초 등의 포장관리는 표준재배법에 준하여 진행하였으며, SRI 재배의 경우 물관리를 제외하고 관행재배와 동일하게 영농관리를 수행하였다. 연구기간동안 총 63회의 강우가 발생하였으며, 이중 20 mm 이상의 강우는 17회로, 일 강우량은 20.5 mm에서 195 mm의 범위를 보였다. 강우 모니터링 결과, 20 mm 이상의 강우에서 유출이 발생하였다. SRI 시험포에서의 유출계수는 0.74~0.83 범위로 관행시험포의 유출계수인 0.83~0.92 범위보다 낮은 값을 보였으며, 시험포에 따라 차이는 있으나 5~13%의 유출수 저감효과를 나타내었다. SRI시험포의 SS, $COD_{Cr}$, $COD_{Mn}$, BOD, TN, TP의 총 오염부하량은 각각 874 kg/ha, 199.5 kg/ha, 47 kg/ha, 13 kg/ha, 36.9 kg/ha, 2.92 kg/ha 로서 관행 시험포의 오염부하량에 비해 15.8~44.1 %의 오염물질 저감 효과를 보였다. 특히 SRI 벼재배기술 적용 시 SS 및 BOD와 같은 유기물의 오염부하량 저감효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.892-899
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• 2005

Groundwater is naturally of excellent microbiological qualify and generally of adequate quality for drinking water use. However, recently, the impact of urbanization and intensification of agricultural production have led to serious deterioration in groundwater quality. The representative SOCs used in this study were trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Powdered activated carbon (PAC) is widely used for SOCs removal. The overall goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using a hybrid use of PAC-UF and PAC-MF processes for treating groundwater contaminated with TCE and PCE. The results show that the flux decline rate was lower for the PAC-UF or PAC-MF process than for UF or MF only process. Therefore, applying PAC before UF or MF membrane filtration showed not only enhancing the removal of TCE and PCE, but also reducing membrane fouling.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.106-116
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• 2008

21 century is as time of infinite competition the knowledge base society where the creation knowledge and information become source of competitive power (Knowledge-based society) and the world-wide various nations leads and knowledge intensification of voice and existing industry of knowledge industry leadership grasp of competitive power high position security and world economy it concentrates a hazard national ability from new economic environment inside. Also, world economy the economic border collapsed with opening anger liberalization and the integration of world economy was accelerated and the restraint of advanced nation, pursuit of the late start developing country and competition from the enterprise for strategy helping each other back international market more were aggravating and information and knowledge with production element or the goods were wide in the economic whole and information knowledge revolution which circulates was developed and it followed hereupon and with the vitality where the knowledge base industry growth is new it rose to the surface.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.8-14
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• 2007

Water quality in Lake Rotorua, New Zealand, deteriorated since the 1960s because of excessive phytoplankton growths due principally to increasing nitrogen and phosphorus in the lake waters. Nutrient concentrations in eight of the nine major streams feeding Lake Rotorua have increased since 1965. The groundwater system has a key role in the hydrology of the Lake Rotorua catchment and the groundwater system is probably the control on the time delay between intensification of agricultural land use and response of surface water quality. All major, and many minor streams, in the catchment are fed by springs. Two lithological units are most important to groundwater flow in the Lake Rotorua catchment: Mamaku Ignimbrite, erupted in about 200,000 years ago and Huka Formation sediments which filled the caldera left by the Mamaku Ignimbrite eruption. Rainfall recharge to groundwater in the groundwater catchment of Lake Rotorua is estimated as approximately 17300 L/s. A calibrated steady-state groundwater flow model estimates that approximately 11100 L/s of this flow discharges into streams and then into the lake and the balance travels directly to Lake Rotorua as groundwater discharge through the lake bed. Land use has impacted on groundwater quality. Median Total Nitrogen (TN) values for shallow groundwater sites are highest for the dairy land use (5.965 mg/L). Median TN values are also relatively high for shallow sites with urban-road and cropping land uses (4.710 and 3.620 mg/L, respectively). Median TN values for all other uses are in the 1.4 to 1.5 mg/L range. Policy development for Lake Rotorua includes defining regional policies on water and land management and setting an action plan for Lake Rotorua restoration. Aims in the action plan include: definition of the current nutrient budget for Lake Rotorua, identification of nutrient reduction targets and identification of actions to achieve targets. Current actions to restore Lake Rotorua water quality include: treatment of Tikitere geothermal nitrogen inputs to Lake Rotorua, upgrade of Rotorua City sewage plant, new sewage reticulation and alum dosing in selected streams to remove phosphorus.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.215-228
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• 2006

Because of the technological innovation of information-communication, the liberalization of world trade and the intensification of regionalisation, the world economic space is in progress of globalization that is not only a product but also a capital, technology and labour move freely over the countries. In the globalized economic space, the multinational finns accelerate a globalization of capital and labour by exporting the capital to the peripherals countries for the low cost of production and importing the low wage labour from the peripherals countries. East Asia which appeared one of the world triad economic axis with a rapid regional economic growth after 1980's intensifies the regionalisation of capital and labour. As the increase of gap in cost of production and income level among the countries, not only the direction of flows of capital and labour but also the traits of migrant labour also changes remarkably.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.113-123
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• 2011

LCC analysis is a method that coordinates with function evaluation for value improvement, rather than a separate one for cost evaluation. Although its accuracy is rising, materials and structural types developed or applied relatively recently have yet to obtain a sufficient maintenance profile DB, inducing reliability to reduce from difficulties in estimating maintenance records. Based on the above mentioned background, this paper presents the LCC methodology of coordinating functional intensification matters with cost for analysis on alternatives with difficulties in setting maintenance profile. Recently, steel plate bridge deck pavements are faced with problems such as plastic deformation due to the increase in heavy vehicles and traffic, promoting the development of a new compound pavement. This paper execute LCC analysis by mentioning case studies of SMA, Guss and PSMA pavements to include performance scale compared between alternatives as relative evaluation coefficients into the maintenance profile.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2012

In the case of the password-based PKI technology, because it protects by using the password which is easy that user memorizes the private key, he has the problem about the password exposure. In addition, in the system of electronic bidding, the illegal use using the authentic certificate of the others increases. Recently, in order to solve this problem, the research about the PKI technology using the biometrics is actively progressed. If the bio information which the user inputs for the bio authentication is converted to the template, the digest access authentication in which the security is strengthened than the existing authentication technology can be built. Therefore, in this paper, we had designed and developed the system of electronic bidding which it uses the most widely used fingerprint information in the biometrics, it stores the user fingerprint information and certificate in the fingerprint security token and can authenticate the user. In case of using the system of electronic bidding of the public key infrastructure using the fingerprint information proposed in this paper the agent bid problem that it uses the certificate of the others in not only user authentication intensification but also system of electronic bidding can be concluded.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.510-531
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• 2009

This paper aims to explain the changes of social spatiality in rural areas as seen on a sloping scale in reference of population structure and utilization of territorial assets. Guessing from the population characteristics of rural communities and farming activities in Hwangsan village of Uichon-Myeon, Geochang-Gun and Hanam village of Chogye-Myeon, Hapchon-Gun, it will become a society characterized by super-aged intensification and large-scale crop cultivation. Deokgok-Myeon and Yulji village of Hapchon-Gun are required to intake outside residents. They have to understand the complementary cooperation and become conscious of the relationship between existing residents and relocated people in Yudong village of Yokji-Myeon, Tonyoung-Si. Due to a decreasing population and the phenomena of the 'super-aged', the efforts to revive the spatial function as a living and working space while utilizing territorial assets could be challenged in these case study regions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2017

Data clustering determines a group of patterns using similarity measure in a dataset and is one of the most important and difficult technique in data mining. Clustering can be formally considered as a particular kind of NP-hard grouping problem. K-means algorithm which is popular and efficient, is sensitive for initialization and has the possibility to be stuck in local optimum because of hill climbing clustering method. This method is also not computationally feasible in practice, especially for large datasets and large number of clusters. Therefore, we need a robust and efficient clustering algorithm to find the global optimum (not local optimum) especially when much data is collected from many IoT (Internet of Things) devices in these days. The objective of this paper is to propose new Hybrid Simulated Annealing (HSA) which is combined simulated annealing with K-means for non-hierarchical clustering of big data. Simulated annealing (SA) is useful for diversified search in large search space and K-means is useful for converged search in predetermined search space. Our proposed method can balance the intensification and diversification to find the global optimal solution in big data clustering. The performance of HSA is validated using Iris, Wine, Glass, and Vowel UCI machine learning repository datasets comparing to previous studies by experiment and analysis. Our proposed KSAK (K-means+SA+K-means) and SAK (SA+K-means) are better than KSA(K-means+SA), SA, and K-means in our simulations. Our method has significantly improved accuracy and efficiency to find the global optimal data clustering solution for complex, real time, and costly data mining process.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 2016

Background: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (${\alpha}aIIb/{\beta}_3$) is involved in platelet adhesion, and triggers a series of intracellular signaling cascades, leading to platelet shape change, granule secretion, and clot retraction. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ginsenoside Ro (G-Ro) on the binding of fibrinogen to ${\alpha}aIIb/{\beta}_3$. Methods: We investigated the effect of G-Ro on regulation of signaling molecules affecting the binding of fibrinogen to ${\alpha}aIIb/{\beta}_3$, and its final reaction, clot retraction. Results: We found that G-Ro dose-dependently inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and attenuated the binding of fibrinogen to ${\alpha}aIIb/{\beta}_3$ by phosphorylating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependently vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP; $Ser^{157}$). In addition, G-Ro strongly abrogated the clot retraction reflecting the intensification of thrombus. Conclusion: We demonstrate that G-Ro is a beneficial novel compound inhibiting ${\alpha}aIIb/{\beta}_3$-mediated fibrinogen binding, and may prevent platelet aggregation-mediated thrombotic disease.