• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.3512-3528
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• 2016

A network with high mobility nodes or vehicles is vehicular ad hoc Network (VANET). For improvement in communication efficiency of VANET, many techniques have been proposed; one of these techniques is vehicular node clustering. Cluster nodes (CNs) and Cluster Heads (CHs) are elected or selected in the process of clustering. The longer the lifetime of clusters and the lesser the number of CHs attributes to efficient networking in VANETs. In this paper, a novel Clustering algorithm is proposed based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) for VANET named ACONET. This algorithm forms optimized clusters to offer robust communication for VANETs. For optimized clustering, parameters of transmission range, direction, speed of the nodes and load balance factor (LBF) are considered. The ACONET is compared empirically with state of the art methods, including Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) and Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (CLPSO) based clustering techniques. An extensive set of experiments is performed by varying the grid size of the network, the transmission range of nodes, and total number of nodes in network to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithms in comparison. The results indicate that the ACONET has significantly outperformed the competitors.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.1057-1062
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• 2014

차량통신시스템은 차량/도로기술과 정보통신기술을 접목하여 다양한 안전메시지를 전송하거나 지능형 교통시스템에 적용이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.11p를 기반으로 한 차량통신시스템을 소개하고 이 시스템의 전파특성을 도심환경에서 측정한 결과를 보인다. 전파특성은 패킷오류율과 수신스펙트럼을 이용하여 측정한다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 하여 실제 서비스 적용에 있어서 필요한 구현 이슈에 대해 논의한다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.184-195
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• 2017

In recent decades, the ad hoc network for vehicles has been a core network technology to provide comfort and security to drivers in vehicle environments. However, emerging applications and services require major changes in underlying network models and computing that require new road network planning. Meanwhile, blockchain widely known as one of the disruptive technologies has emerged in recent years, is experiencing rapid development and has the potential to revolutionize intelligent transport systems. Blockchain can be used to build an intelligent, secure, distributed and autonomous transport system. It allows better utilization of the infrastructure and resources of intelligent transport systems, particularly effective for crowdsourcing technology. In this paper, we proposes a vehicle network architecture based on blockchain in the smart city (Block-VN). Block-VN is a reliable and secure architecture that operates in a distributed way to build the new distributed transport management system. We are considering a new network system of vehicles, Block-VN, above them. In addition, we examine how the network of vehicles evolves with paradigms focused on networking and vehicular information. Finally, we discuss service scenarios and design principles for Block-VN.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.176-185
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• 2017

본 논문은 지능형교통시스템(ITS: Intelligent Transport System)을 위한 V2X 간의 무선통신시스템에 적용되는 WAVE(Wireless Access in Vehicle Environments) 안테나 시스템에 대한 연구이다. 5.825~5.9GHz 주파수대역의 WAVE 통신은 차량이 주행하면서 도로 인프라에 설치되어 있는 기지국과 다른 차량에 장착되어 있는 단말기간의 무선통신에 사용할 수 있도록 하는 표준화된 프로토콜이다. 최근의 WAVE 통신시스템 연구에서는 통신거리에 따른 통신성능을 향상시키기 위해서 기지국과 차량 단말기 기술개발 위주로 연구되고 있으나, 본 논문에서는 시스템 성능 개선 가능성을 검토하고자 차량 루프에 장착가능한 자동차용 안테나 시스템의 설계구조 개선에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. WAVE 안테나 베이스 구조에 EBG(Electro Band-Gap) 구조를 적용하여 비교시뮬레이션을 통해 반사손실이 저감되어 성능이 향상되는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2016

차량통신시스템은 차량/도로기술과 정보통신기술을 접목하여 다양한 안전 메세지를 전송하거나 지능형 교통시스템에 적용이 가능한 시스템이다. 최근 차량용 센서와 통신 기술의 발달로 길안내와 교통체중 알림 서비스뿐만 아니라 주변 차량의 주행 정보, 도로 상태정보, 차량 간 긴급 메시지 전달 등과 같은 다양한 ITS 서비스가 가능해졌다. 일반적으로 차량통신은 WAVE라고 알려져 있는 IEEE 802.11p/1609표준을 채택하여 차량간 통신 및 차량-노변기지국간 통신에 이용된다. 본 논문에서는 WAVE 통신 표준에 대하여 설명하고 신호 특성을 소개하였다. 또한 V2X 통신을 위해 실제 구현된 노변 기지국(RSS), 차량통신장치(OBE)의 소프트웨어 및 하드웨어의 특성을 분석하였다. 실제 WAVE 통신의 성능 평가를 위해 시험도로에서 시험차량의 통신장치의 수신 신호 세기 지수(RSS)를 측정하였다. 측정된 WAVE 통신 성능은 ITS 서비스에 충분히 가능함을 실제 시험을 통하여 입증하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2841-2860
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• 2018

Vehicular networks play an important role in current intelligent transportation networks and have gained much attention from academia and industry. Vehicular networks can be enhanced by Long Term Evolution-Vehicle (LTE-V) technology, which has been defined in a series of standards by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). LTE-V technology is a systematic and integrated V2X solution. To guarantee secure LTE-V communication, security and privacy issues must be addressed before the network is deployed. The present study aims to improve the security functionality of vehicular LTE networks by proposing an efficient and secure ID-based message authentication scheme for vehicular networks, named the ESMAV. We demonstrate its ability to simultaneously support both mutual authentication and privacy protection. In addition, the ESMAV exhibit better performance in terms of overhead computation, communication cost, and security functions, which includes privacy preservation and non-frameability.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.376-388
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• 2022

The expansion of new applications and business models is being significantly fueled by the development of Fifth Generation (5G) networks, which are becoming more widely accessible. The creation of the newest intelligent vehicular networks and applications is made possible by the use of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) and Software Defined Networking (SDN). Researchers have been concentrating on the integration of SDN and VANET in recent years, and they have examined a variety of issues connected to the architecture, the advantages of software-defined VANET services, and the new features that can be added to them. However, the overall architecture's security and robustness are still in doubt and have received little attention. Furthermore, new security threats and vulnerabilities are brought about by the deployment and integration of novel entities and a number of architectural components. In this study, we comprehensively examine the good and negative effects of the most recent SDN-enabled vehicular network topologies, focusing on security and privacy. We examine various security flaws and attacks based on the existing SDVN architecture. Finally, a thorough discussion of the unresolved concerns and potential future study directions is provided.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.231-243
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• 2022

The expansion of new applications and business models is being significantly fueled by the development of Fifth Generation (5G) networks, which are becoming more widely accessible. The creation of the newest intelligent vehicular net- works and applications is made possible by the use of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) and Software Defined Networking (SDN). Researchers have been concentrating on the integration of SDN and VANET in recent years, and they have examined a variety of issues connected to the architecture, the advantages of software defined VANET services, and the new features that can be added to them. However, the overall architecture's security and robustness are still in doubt and have received little attention. Furthermore, new security threats and vulnerabilities are brought about by the deployment and integration of novel entities and several architectural components. In this study, we comprehensively examine the good and negative effects of the most recent SDN-enabled vehicular network topologies, focusing on security and privacy. We examine various security flaws and attacks based on the existing SDVN architecture. Finally, a thorough discussion of the unresolved concerns and potential future study directions is provided.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2014

차량-인프라 간(V2I, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) 통신 환경에서 도로 상의 차량 및 사용자들에게 보다 양질의 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 차량이 기지국 간을 이동 시에도 데이터 흐름이 끊어지지 않도록 하는 핸드오버 기능의 제공이 필요하다. WAVE(Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) 표준은 차량 환경에서 장치 간에 보다 효과적인 통신을 하기 위한 여러 기능들을 정의하고 있지만, V2I 서비스의 품질을 향상시키기 위한 핸드오버 기능은 포함하고 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 WAVE 통신 시스템에 기반을 둔 핸드오버 메커니즘을 소개하고, 실제 도로 상에서 해당 메커니즘이 구현된 기지국 및 단말기를 이용한 실험을 통해 도출된 성능 분석 결과를 보인다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2021

Contact between Vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructural is becoming increasingly popular in recent years due to their crucial role in the field of intelligent transportation. Vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs) security and privacy are of the highest value since a transparent wireless communication tool allows an intruder to intercept, tamper, reply and erase messages in plain text. The security of a VANET based intelligent transport system may therefore be compromised. There is a strong likelihood. Securing and maintaining message exchange in VANETs is currently the focal point of several security testing teams, as it is reflected in the number of authentication schemes. However, these systems have not fulfilled all aspects of security and privacy criteria. This study is an attempt to provide a detailed history of VANETs and their components; different kinds of attacks and all protection and privacy criteria for VANETs. This paper contributed to the existing literature by systematically analyzes and compares existing authentication and confidentiality systems based on all security needs, the cost of information and communication as well as the level of resistance to different types of attacks. This paper may be used as a guide and reference for any new VANET protection and privacy technologies in the design and development.