• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.266-272
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• 2022

Private specialized institutions differ from public ones in that they mostly act independently. This paper reports a study designed to assess the provision of specialized institutions for children with intellectual disabilities in Saudi Arabia. The approach taken in this study was qualitative, involving a case study strategy that enabled the researcher to gain rich and in-depth information based on the shared experiences of participants comprising institution leaders, educators and families from two specific specialized settings, one public and one private. The study aimed to examine the existing disparities in service delivery so as to develop a clear picture of the service quality provided by public specialized institutions for children with intellectual disabilities in Saudi Arabia. The results suggest that the weak relationship with inpatient and specialized institutions is a consequence of the parents' poor responsiveness, which may result in these institutes developing a negative impression of the parents. Conversely, the lack of active initiative on the part of the public specialized institutions led to a negative parental attitude towards these institutions. A sensible approach to resolving this problem might be to recognize that these institutions have a significant responsibility to encourage parents of children with intellectual disabilities to become involved in their children's learning, to promote positive attitudes.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.53-89
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• 2024

The effects of the betterment of enforced intellectual property rights (IPRs) provisions on services export diversification are investigated. The analysis used an unbalanced panel dataset of 76 developing countries over the period of 1970-2014. The empirical analysis is based on the feasible generalized least squares estimator. It suggests that the implementation of weaker IPR protection fosters services export diversification in less developed countries (i.e., those whose real per capita incomes are less than US$US$ 1458.60), including those with a low level of export product upgrading. Conversely, in relatively advanced developing countries (countries whose real per capita income exceeds US$ 3356.80), including those with high levels of export product upgrading, the implementation of stronger IPR laws induces greater services export diversification. Finally, the analysis revealed the existence of a non-linear relationship between IPR protection and services export diversification. The implementation of stronger intellectual property laws spurs services export diversification in countries with high degree of IPR protection, especially when IPR protection exceeds a certain level, recorded here as having a score of 1.197. In contrast, in countries with weaker IPR protection, in particular those with IPR protection levels that score less than 0.915, it is rather the implementation of weaker intellectual property laws that promotes services export diversification.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.148-163
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• 2024

With the digitalization of production and consumption environments, consumers are no longer merely targets of marketing, but key players in creating value jointly with companies by participating in various decision-making processes. Much virtual content in particular, such as fashion shows, exhibitions, games, social activities, and shopping, which fashion brands implement in virtual worlds, cannot be completed without consumers' active engagement and interaction. Thus, this study considers consumers' participation in virtual content provided by fashion brands as value co-creation in virtual worlds. This study aims to examine how consumer (i.e., consumer smartness) and fashion firm (i.e., perceived intellectual capital) factors influence value co-creation behavior intention in virtual worlds. Data were collected from 410 consumers in their 20s nationwide through an online survey, and a higher-order structural equation modeling analysis was conducted to test the research model. The results showed that both consumer smartness and perceived intellectual capital positively influenced customer participation behavior and citizenship behavior intentions. Specifically, perceived intellectual capital had a greater impact on value co-creation behavior in the virtual world than consumer smartness. The findings provide empirical evidence that the fashion firms' intangible assets and consumers' competence in the digital shopping environment encourage their intentions to co-create value in virtual worlds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-89
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study aims to review the FUNfitness program, conducted by physical therapists as part of the Special Olympics Athlete Health Promotion Program, to provide basic data for the health management of individuals with intellectual disabilities. METHODS: This study collected and organized materials related to the Special Olympics Athlete Health Promotion Program, as well as training manuals for FUNfitness. Additionally, it referenced activity reports of the FUNfitness program developed through the collaboration between the American Physical Therapy Association and the Special Olympics. RESULTS: The results of this study present the definition and composition of the Special Olympics Athlete Health Promotion Program, its objectives, the definition and design objectives of the FUNfitness program, the composition and evaluation procedures of the testing and assessment items, and recommendations for referral for additional physical therapy interventions following FUNfitness education. CONCLUSION: This article describes the importance of physical therapists understanding physical therapy screening and management for the health care of individuals with intellectual disabilities, emphasizing the need for their continuous interest in promoting the health of individuals with intellectual disabilities.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07e
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• pp.34-36
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• 2005

To promote the mentality on intellectual property, this paper presents the concept and importance of intellectual property, international trend on patent policy and practical acquisition and maintenance strategy of patent for the domestic middle and small business enterprise and engineers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.118-126
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• 2007

This study presents the intellectual capital (IC) indicator selection criteria based on the review of qualitative characteristics of financial accounting information and data quality of information systems. The AHP survey has been performed to verify the weight difference of the criteria to select effective IC indicators among industry. The results shows that there exists the weight differences in relevance and comparability factor by industry. To management IC effectively, different method considering industry environment should be required.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.38-49
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• 2015

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.197-216
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• 2000

This study is to make clear the knowledge-based management perspective for knowledge companies and to find a way to measure intellectual capital of R&D organizations. Based on the state-of-the-art findings from business sectors, the intellectual capital is divided into three categories: human capital, structural capital, and customer capital. The fourth capital, infrastructural capital, is added in this study specifically for government sponsored R&D organizations, of which the main objectives are to foster technological innovation nationwide and to support its diffusion effectively, The result of this study can offer basic concept of under what categories they can be classified, which also can be used further to find the right indicators of intellectual capital specific to each organization by combining the items found in this study.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.435-448
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• 2004

While Internet promises ubiquitous access, it also creates a fundamental challenge to the traditional ownership toward digital assets traded in e-commerce market. Sharing digital information freely through shared networks leads to many untapped business opportunities, but uncontrolled digital asset transaction undermines many electronic business models. Thus, in this Internet age, proper protection and safe delivery of Intellectual Property (IP) and its representation as digital assets would be a crucial ingredient of building trust in upcoming e-business environment. In this paper, we give a general structural diagram of Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP) and implement an IPMP prototype based on the RSA encryption algorithm and XrML (eXtensible rights Markup Language) WORK tags to show how proper protection and safe delivery of the intellectual property is achieved. This study concludes that IPMP mechanism may contribute significantly to the volume and quality of e-commerce market.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.177-209
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• 2007

This work firstly aims to analyse the balance between tangibles and intangibles as well as among human capital, structural capital and relational capital of evaluation indicators for the research institutes in science and technology sector conducted in 2006, by adopting intellectual capital model. The research question of this work comes from that while the R&D activity can produce both tangibles and intangibles, there have no been methodologies to relevantly measure and rationally judge these, in particular, intangible performance. The result shows that the institute evaluation system in 2006 had given more weight on tangibles and structural capital than intangibles and other intellectual capitals such as human capital and relational capital, in comparison to the past evaluation system, even though, in principle, the current evaluation system has to deal with the intangible research performances as well as tangible ones in economic, social and cultural perspective. Finally, based on these analysis, I will try to suggest some policy directions for overcoming the deficits of indicators in institute evaluation system.