• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2009

The house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronissinus) is an important factor in triggering allergic diseases. The function of eosinophils, particularly in the production of cytokine or chemokine, is critical in understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we examined whether D. pteronissinus extract (DpE) induces the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1)/CCL2, IL-8/CXCL8, and IL-6 that mediate in the infiltration and activation of immune cells and in its signaling mechanism in the human eosinophilic cell line, EoL-1. DpE increased the mRNA and protein expression of MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-6 in a time- and dose-dependent course in EoL-1 cells. In our experiments using signal-specific inhibitors, we found that the increased expression of MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-6 due to DpE is associated with Src family tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C $\delta$ (PKC $\delta$). In addition, the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is required for MCP-1 and IL-8 expression while p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is involved in IL-6 expression. DpE induced the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK. PP2, an inhibitor of Src family tyrosine kinase, and rottlerin, an inhibitor of PKC $\delta$, blocked the activation of ERK and p38 MAPK. DpE induces the activation of ERK and p38 MAPK via Src family tyrosine kinase and PKC $\delta$ for MCP-1, IL-8, or IL-6 production. Increased cytokine release due to the house dust mite and the characterization of its signal transduction may be valuable in understanding the eosinophil-related pathogenic mechanism of inflammatory diseases.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2008

Molecular cloning revealed the three isoforms($Ca_v3.1,\;Ca_v3.2,\;and\;Ca_v3.3$) of the T-type calcium channel subfamily. Expression studies exhibited their distinctive electrophysiological and pharmacological properties, accounting for diverse properties of T-type calcium channel currents previously characterized from isolated cells. However, electrophysiological properties of ion channels have shown to be more diversified by their splice variants. We here searched splice variants of rat $Ca_v3.1$ T-type channel by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) to further explore diversity of $Ca_v3.1$. Interestingly, analyses of cloned RT-PCR products displayed that there were at least four splicing variants of rat $Ca_v3.1$ in the loop connecting repeats III and IV. Southern blot analyses indicated that the predominantly detected variant in brain was $Ca_v3.1a$(492 bp), which were rarely detected in most of peripheral tissues. Other two variants($Ca_v3.1c$, 546 bp; $Ca_v3.1d$, 525 bp) were detected in most of the tissues examined. The smallest isoform($Ca_v3.1b$, 471 bp) was rarely detected all the tissues. Electrophysiological characterization of the splicing variants indicated that the splice variants differ in inactivation kinetics and the voltage dependence of activation and inactivation as well.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.77-80
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• 1997

DOantrolene is a primary specific therapeutic drug for prevention and treatment of malignant hyperthermia symptoms. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of the drug are not well understood. The present study aimed at the characterization of the effects of azumolene, a water soluble dantrolene analogue, on ryanodine binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from normal and malign::lnt hyperthermia susceptible (MHS) swine muscles. Characteristics of $[^3H]ryanodine$ binding were clearly different between the two types of SR. Kinetic analysis of eH]ryanodine binding to SR in the presence of $2{\mu}M$ $Ca^{2+}$ showed that association constant $(K_{ryanodine}_7$ is significantly higher in MHS than normal muscle SR $(2.83 vs. 1.32{\times}10^7 M^{-1}$, whereas the maximal ryanodine binding capacity $(B_{max})$ is similar between the two types of SR. Addition of azumolene $(e.g. 400{\mu}M)$ did not significantly alter both $K_{ryanodine}$ and $B_{max}$ of $[^3H]$ryanodine binding in both types of SR, indicating that the azumolene effect was not on the ryanodine binding sites. Addition of caffeine activated $[^3H]$ ryanodine binding in both types of SR, and caffeine sensitivity was significantly higher in MHS muscle SR than normal muscle SR $(K_{caffeine}:3.24 vs. 0.82 {\times} 10^2 M^{-l}). Addition of azumolene $(e.g.400{\mu}M)$ decreased Kcaffeine without significant change in $B_{max}$ in both types of SR suggesting that azumolene competes with caffeine binding site(s). These results suggest that malignant hyperthermia symptoms are caused at least in part by greater sensitivity of the MHS muscle SR to the $Ca^{2+}$ release drug(s), and that azumolene can reverse the symptoms by reducing the drug affinity to $Ca^{2+}$ release channels.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.313-317
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• 2004

A study was conducted to determine growth and survival rates of snakehead (Channa striata) larvae. Live foods such as Artemia salina nauplii, Moina micrura and bloodworm and artificial diet were given to larvae from 1-15 days after hatching as the 1st phase and from 15-30 days as the 2nd phase. In the 1st phase, the growth and survival rates of larvae fed with Artemia nauplii were significantly different from larvae fed with Moina (p < 0.05) with values of 28.5 mg, 49% and 26.7 mg, 31%, respectively. Meanwhile, all larvae fed with bloodworm (Chironomus sp.) or artificial diet (49% protein) died within 10 days of experiment. For the 2nd phase, growth of the fry fed with Artemia or Moina differed significantly from that fed with bloodworm or pellet (200.1, 187.7, 109.6 and 8.2 mg, respectively). Specific growth rate (SGR) of larvae fed with Moina was higher than that of larvae fed with Artemia (17.9 and 17.4% day$^{-1}$, respectively) in the 1st phase. In the 2nd phase, SGRs of larvae fed with Artemia (12.7% day$^{-1}$) or Moina (11.5% day$^{-1}$) were significantly higher than those of larvae fed with bloodworm (8.3% day$^{-1}$) or dry diet (6.1% day$^{-1}$). Generally, Artemia and Moina were suitable food for snakehead larvae during the first month of their life, and artificial diet was much less acceptable and resulted in poor growth and survival.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.589-594
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• 1997

The neuronal voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) are multisubunit complexes consisting of $\alpha_1,\;\alpha_2-\delta$ and $\beta$ subunits. Heterologous expression and biochemical studies have shown that the activity of VSCCs is regulated by their $\beta$ subunits in a $\beta$ subunit isoform-specific manner. To elucidate the $\beta$ subunit identity of the P/Q-type calcium channel encoded by an $\alpha_{1A}$ subunit, which is exclusively expressed in the Purkinje and granule cell of the cerebellum, we have examined the spatial and temporal expression patterns of $\beta$ subunits and compared them with those of $\alpha_{1A}$ subunit in the developing rat cerebellum. Reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis have shown that $\beta_4$ subunit mRNA was prominently expressed in the cerebellum and much more abundant than any other distinct $\beta$ subunits. RNase protection assay has further demonstrated that the expression of $\alpha_{1A}$ and $\beta_4$ subunits increased during cerebellar development, while the amount of $\beta_2$ and $\beta_3$ mRNAs did not significantly change. In addition, a $\beta_4$ transcript was present in cultured cerebellar granule cells, but not in astrocyte cells, and the level of $\beta_4$ mRNA expression increased gradually in vitro seen as in vivo. Based on the spatial and temporal expression patterns of $\beta_4$ subunit, we conclude that $\beta_4$ may predominantly associate, but probably not exclusively, with the $\alpha_{1A}$ subunit in rat cerebellar granule cells.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to develop the day care program for the demented elders and to determine the effects of multiple activity therapies on the physical, emotional, cognitive, social function and physiological indicators of dementia elders in day care center. Method: A total of 13 elders with mild dementia in the data care center were participated. Manual and guideline of data care program was developed. Data care program was composed of movement/exercise, foot massage, music therapy, horticultural therapy, and art therapy. Data care program was performed by trained intervener for 32 weeks. Instruments were physical functioning such as hand grip strength., vital capacity, chiar stand test, sit and reach test, one leg standing, Berg' Balance scale, 6m Walk Velocity, stair climb, ADL, GDS-K, MMSE-K, Integrative Social Functioning Scale, cortisol, Ig A and Ig G. These were measured at the baseline, 16-week, and 32-week post-intervention by the trained nurses. Data were analyzed as Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: For Hand grip, balance, and vital capacity, there was a significant difference between baseline and 16-week post-intervention(p<.05). For one leg standing, 6m velocity, there was a significant difference between 16-week post-intervention and 32-week post-intervention(p<.05). For Stair climb, there was a significant difference between baseline and 32-week post-intervention(p<.05). For depression and social functioning, there was no significant difference among baseline, 16-week, and 32-week post-intervention. For cognitive functioning, there was a significant difference between baseline and 32-week post intervention(p<.05). There was a significant difference of cortisol, and Ig G between baseline and 32-week post-intervention(p<.05). Conclusion: It would appear that physical fitness, functional performance, ADL, depression, social and cognitive functioning, and physiological indicator of community dwelling elders with dementia can be improved through day care program using multiple stimuli.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 1989

인체의 자궁암과 간암조직들이 나타내는 몇 종류의 단백질 분해효소들과 Anti-trypsin의 활성도를 정상조직의 것들과 비교하여서, 암의 종양성 형질과 단백질 분해활성의 변화사이에 어떤 상관관계가 있는지를 조사하였다. Casein과 Insulin의 분해 활성도는, 자궁암에서 2-3배 정도 증가하는 반면, 간암에서는 1/2에서 1/5정도로 감소하였다. 이와는 대조적으로, Anti-trypsin의 활성도는 자궁암에서 약 1/10정도로 감소하였고 간암에서는 2배 가량 증가하였다. 한편, Plamin-like enzyme과 Plasminogen activator의 활성도는 자궁암과 간암조직 모두에서 정상 조직에서보다 10-20% 정도 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는, 정상조직 내의 단백질 분해활성도가 단백질 분해효소들과 이들의 활성을 저해하는 단백질들의 균형에 의하여 조절됨을 시사하며, 암조직들에서는 각 암조직들의 종양특이성에 따라 단백질 분해효소와 저해단백질들 사이의 균형이 깨어짐에 따라 단백질 분해활성도가 다르게 나타남을 보여준다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 1988

피부암의 형성과 피부 조직에서 나타나는 단백질 분해활성의 변화와의 상과관계를 조사하기 위하여, 쥐의 피부에 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene과 photbor ester를 차례로 처리하였다. 이 결과, 암이 유발된 피부 조직에서는 대조군에 비하여 plasminogen Activator(PA)의 활성도는 약 3배가 높게 나타났다. 더우기, PA의 활성도는 암 유발전(proteolytic activity)의 조직에서도 약6배가 정도 증가하였다. 반면,casein과 insulin의 분해활성도는 암조직에서 현저히 감소되었고 anti-trypsin의 활성도는 대조군의 것과 거의 비슷하게 나타났다. 따라서, PA 및 PLP활성도의 증가현상은 피부암에서 특징적으로 나타나는 것으로 보이며, 이 암의 전이 및 침투에 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

A Nodulisporium sp. (Hypoxylon sp.) has been isolated as an endophyte of Thelypteris angustifolia (Broadleaf Leaf Maiden Fern) in a rainforest region of Central America. It has been identified both on the basis of its morphological characteristics and by scanning electron microscopy as well as ITS sequence analysis. The endophyte produces volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have both fuel (mycodiesel) and use for biological control of plant disease. When grown on potato dextrose agar, the organism uniquely produces a series of ketones, including acetone; 2-pentanone; 3-hexanone, 4-methyl; 3-hexanone, 2,4-dimethyl; 2-hexanone, 4-methyl, and 5-hepten, 2-one and these account for about 25% of the total VOCs. The most abundant identified VOC was 1,8 cineole, which is commonly detected in this group of organisms. Other prominent VOCs produced by this endophyte include 1-butanol, 2-methyl, and phenylethanol alcohol. Moreover, of interest was the presence of cyclohexane, propyl, which is a common ingredient of diesel fuel. Furthermore, the VOCs of this isolate of Nodulisporium sp. were selectively active against a number of plant pathogens, and upon a 24 h exposure caused death to Phytophthora palmivora, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and 100% inhibition to Phytophthora cinnamomi with only slight to no inhibition of the other pathogens that were tested. From this work, it is becoming increasingly apparent that each isolate of this endophytic Nodulisporium spp., including the Daldina sp. and Hypoxylon spp. teleomorphs, seems to produce its own unique set of VOCs.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 Coloring 기법을 적용한 Gauss-Seidel 해법의 연산 성능을 분석하기 위해 2차원과 3차원 전도 열전달 문제를 다양한 격자 크기에서 해석하였다. 지배방정식의 이산화는 유한차분법과 유한요소법을 사용하였다. CPU의 경우에는 상대적으로 작은 격자계에서 연산 성능이 좋으며, 계산에 사용되는 메모리의 크기가 캐시메모리보다 크게 되면 연산 성능이 급격히 떨어진다. 반면에, GPU는 메모리 지연시간 숨김 특성으로 인하여 격자의 수가 충분히 많을 때 연산 성능이 좋다. GPU에 기반한 Colored Gauss-Seidel 해법은 단일 CPU를 이용한 연산에 비해서 각각 최대 7배의 속도 향상을 보인다. 또한, GPU 기반에서 Colored Gauss-Seidel 해법은 Jacobi 보다 약 2배 빠름을 확인하였다.