• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.22
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• pp.205-244
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• 1995

Originally the concept of the traditional resource sharing has been discussed in the context of bibliographic materials, and has been labor-intensive and high-cost activities. The technology has had a great impact on such pattern of the resource sharing, and has expanded the limited scope of the traditional concept into the sharing of library information in the levels of local, regional and national systems, and expertise, materials, facilities, equipments and personnels of the library system. While the traditional circulation service as a basic method to share library materials by users can provide the resource to a single person at a time, the electronic resource can be shared, by multi-users at a time anytime anywhere. The maximization of the electronic resource sharing requires that publishing process should be fundamentally changed and articles, books, chapters, speech manuscripts, music scores, maps, sound, and other formats of materials should be prepared in machine readable format. This study examined the positive effects of the technology on the resource sharing, but not investigate the concrete and complex problems as to the cost, guidelines, detailed procedures, design details, and intellectual properties and protection involved in the resource sharing. Some findings extracted from the study can be summarized as follows; (1) ILL will lose its meaning as a method to share the materials if they are all in the electronic format and the phrase 'networked information resource' becomes omnipresent. (2) The technology keeps on changing the concept of resource sharing. Today, the scope of resource sharing not only encompasses the sharing of the primary and secondary materials but also the sharing of the processings(eg. cataloging), expertise, user education, special facilities, and the integrated automated library systems. (3) The sharing of the networked resource will be a method to provide better services for library users in the low cost. (4) The a n.0, pplication of the technology to the resource sharing should be focus on the method which allows an end-users to do the direct access to the needed materials, and to be delivered the primary document as soon as possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.124-129
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• 2002

KAISTAT-4 is the fourth experimental microsatellite of KITSAT series which has been developed by Satellite Technology Research Center of KAIST for the last two years. The launch of KAISTSAT-4 is scheduled in 2003. The primary experimental payloads consist of Far-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph and Space Physis Package. In a similar way to KITSAT series, the interior of KAISTSAT-4 comprises mainly a set of stacked aluminium-alloy module boxes, each being capable of acting as the primary load path in the mechanical structure. The KAISTSAT-4 qualification model is now designed, fabricated, integrated, and tested to verify if the electrical and mechanical components work and can withstand the launch environments. All the required structural tests have been performed to a sufficient degree to satisfy the intent of the test requirements. This paper presents the structural system and launch environmental test results of KAISTSAT-4 qualification model.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate present clinical evidence of oriental medical treatment for cancer in Korea. Method : A search was performed in the Korean Studies Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, KoreaMed, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, National Assembly Library, RISS4u, DBPIA, and Oasis using the keyword 'cancer', 'leukemia', 'malignant tumor', 'lymphoma', 'multiple myeloma', 'melanoma'. The search period spanned between Jan 1, 1980~June 30, 2011 and the results were analyzed and evaluated according to the publication date, journal, method of treatment, type of study, and the primary outcome. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and Non randomized clinical trial(NRCT) were reviewed separately. Result : The results yielded 133 trials during the period of Jan 1, 1980~June 30, 2011. Most of the trials were concerned with lung cancer and 94 of the trials were simple case studies or case series studies. 61 trials used herbal Formula/herbal medicine as the primary method of treatment. A total of 4 RCTs existed compared to only one NRCT. Conclusion : The use of oriental medicine for the treatment of cancer is gaining popularity in the field of medical scientific research. However most of the studies that have been published up to date are mostly case studies or case series studies, and RCT/NRCT are rare. In order to provide appropriate evidence regarding the effectiveness of oriental medicine in the treatment of cancer, more rigorous and well-designed studies are warranted.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-84
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• 2003

Immunization has been one of the most effective measures preventing from infectious diseases. However, children routine vaccination rate of Korea was 68.2% and it was not higher than expected. Korean government revised the School Health Law for every primary school children to submit the vaccination certificate record from 2005. It is quite important national Infectious disease prevention policy to keep the immunizations rate high and monitor the immunizations rate continuously. To do this, National Institute of Health introduced the National Immunization Registry(NIR) Program at 2000. Objective : The aims of this study was to evaluate the Immunization Registry program which has been implementing since 2000 at the Public Health Centers(PHC). Methods : The mail survey was done from November 2001 to January 2002. 169 (69%) Public Health Centers among 244 PHC were responded. Results : The respondents of PHC sud the Immunization Registry(IR) program had reduced the workload (18.5%). 69.2% said they inputted the immunization data into the IR program after the shots were given. 86.5% said they hadn´t checked or retrieved the children lists who had missed the scheduled immunization. Only 17.2% said the speed of internet for the R program was good. It showed that 20% of respondents hadn´t written down documents, records on immunization any more. Even there were a lot of negative results, the respondents of PHC thought that the IR program was effective. They especially agreed that the IR program could make the job accurate (81.5%), convenient (71.3%), and reduced the chances of making mistakes (71.3%), increase the service quality (78.5%). And they were well adapting the job process of the IR (79.63%). Bivariate analysis showed that the software program was the important determinants of IR success. The only Bit Computer software program has been evaluated to be less satisfactory than the Integrated (Posdata operating system + Bit software) program. Other variables, such as age, duration of present job, and location of PHC (metropolitan, small city, rural area) were not significantly related. Conclusion : It seemed that the success of NIR might depend on the software program. Because Integrated program, which has been developed from 1994, include not only the general operating and management program for PHC but also IR program. It was natural to prefer Integrated program to Bit software program. So we can suggest that it is essential for the NIR to be successful that not only the immunization software program but also hardware equipments and public health information system should be further improved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.255-256
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• 2006

In this paper, we investigated the. characteristics of fault current limiting according to fault angle in the integrated three-phase flux-lock type SFCL in fault types such as the single-line-to-ground fault, the double-line-to-ground fault and the three-line-to-ground fault. When the SFCL is operating under normal condition, the magnetic flux generated between primary and secondary coils of each single phase is canceled out perfectly, so that the impedance of the SFCL is also not generated and the power system can be operated normally without any loss, However, if a fault occurs even in any phase out of three phases, quench happened in SFCL elements and the current flowing secondary coil is restricted abruptly. Finally, the balance of magnetic flux in whole SFCL system is destroyed, and the fault currents in every phase could be limited at the same time irrespective of the fault types. As a result, the developed SFCL in this study were operated normally as expected and the purpose of the integration of 3 phase current limiting was also achieved successfully. However, the fault current limiting characteristics of the SFCL was dependant on the quench characteristics of HTSC elements in each phase, and it was expected that the improvement of the SFCL could be possible through the introduction of HTSC elements which have better critical characteristics.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2007

The international EARTHSHINE mission is to measure 1% anomaly of the Earth global albedo and total solar irradiance using Amon-Ra instrument around Lagrange point 1. We developed a new ray truing based integrated end-to-end simulation tool that overcomes the shortcomings of the existing end-to-end performance simulation techniques. We then studied the in-orbit radiometric performance of the breadboard Anon-Ra visible channel optical system. The TSI variation and the Earth albedo anomaly, reported elsewhere, were used as the key input variables in the simulation. The output flux at the instrument focal plane confirms that the integrated ray tracing based end-to-end science simulation delivers the correct level of incident power to the Amon-Ra instrument well within the required measurement error budget of better than ${\pm}0.28%$. Using the global angular distribution model (ADM), the incident flux is then used to estimate the Earth global albedo and the TSI variation, confirming the validity of the primary science cases at the L1 halo orbit. These results imply that the integrated end-to-end ray tracing technique, reported here, can serve as an effective and powerful building block of the on-line science analysis tool in support of the international EARTHSHINE mission currently being developed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.715-742
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• 2017

Earth berms are often left in place to support retaining walls or piles in order to eliminate horizontal struts in excavations of soft soil areas. However, if the excavation depth is relatively large, an earth berm-supported retaining system may not be applicable and could be replaced by a multi-bench retaining system. However, studies on multi-bench retaining systems are limited. The goal of this investigation is to study the deformation characteristics, internal forces and interaction mechanisms of the retaining structures in a multi-bench retaining system and the failure modes of this retaining system. Therefore, a series of model tests of a two-bench retaining system was designed and conducted, and corresponding finite difference simulations were developed to back-analyze the model tests and for further analysis. The tests and numerical results show that the distance between the two rows of retaining piles (bench width) and their embedded lengths can significantly influence the relative movement between the piles; this relative movement determines the horizontal stress distribution in the soil between the two rows of piles (i.e., the bench zone) and thus determines the bending moments in the retaining piles. As the bench width increases, the deformations and bending moments in the retaining piles decrease, while the excavation stability increases. If the second retaining piles are longer than a certain length, they will experience a larger bending moment than the first retaining piles and become the primary retaining structure. In addition, for varying bench widths, the slip surface formation differs, and the failure modes of two-bench retained excavations can be divided into three types: integrated failure, interactive failure and disconnected failure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.4571-4584
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• 2022

The analysis of rapid flow transients in Reactor Coolant Pumps (RCP) is essential for a reactor safety study. An accurate and precise analysis of the RCP coastdown is necessary for the reactor design. The coastdown of RCP affects the coolant temperature and the colloidal crud in the primary coolant. A realistic and kinetic model has been used to investigate the behavior of activated colloidal crud in the primary coolant and steam generator that solves the pump speed analytically. The analytic solution of the non-dimensional flow rate has been determined by the energy ratio β. The kinetic energy of the coolant fluid and the kinetic energy stored in the rotating parts of a pump are two essential parameters in the form of β. Under normal operation, the pump's speed and moment of inertia are constant. However, in a coastdown situation, kinetic damping in the interval has been implemented. A dynamic model ACCP-SMART has been developed for System Integrated Modular and Advanced Reactor (SMART) to investigate the corrosion due to activated colloidal crud. The Fickian diffusion model has been implemented as the reference corrosion model for the constituent component of the primary loop of the SMART reactor. The activated colloidal crud activity in the primary coolant and steam generator of the SMART reactor has been studied for different equilibrium corrosion rates, linear increase in corrosion rate, and dynamic RCP coastdown situation energy ratio b. The coolant specific activity of SMART reactor equilibrium corrosion (4.0 mg s^-1) has been found 9.63×10^-3 µCi cm^-3, 3.53×10^-3 µC cm^-3, 2.39×10^-2 µC cm^-3, 8.10×10^-3 µC cm^-3, 6.77× 10^-3 µC cm^-3, 4.95×10^-4 µC cm^-3, 1.19×10^-3 µC cm^-3, and 7.87×10^-4 µC cm^-3 for ²⁴Na, ⁵⁴Mn, ⁵⁶Mn, ⁵⁹Fe, ⁵⁸Co, ⁶⁰Co, ⁹⁹Mo, and ⁵¹Cr which are 14.95%, 5.48%, 37.08%, 12.57%, 10.51%, 0.77%, 18.50%, and 0.12% respectively. For linear and exponential coastdown with a constant corrosion rate, the total coolant and steam generator activity approaches a higher saturation value than the normal values. The coolant and steam generator activity changes considerably with kinetic corrosion rate, equilibrium corrosion, growth of corrosion rate (ΔC/Δt), and RCP coastdown situations. The effect of the RCP coastdown on the specific activity of the steam generators is smeared by linearly rising corrosion rates, equilibrium corrosion, and rapid coasting down of the RCP. However, the time taken to reach the saturation activity is also influenced by the slope of corrosion rate, coastdown situation, equilibrium corrosion rate, and energy ratio β.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.439-448
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• 2018

Conventional Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) detects the propagated P-wave from epicenter which should be achieved within 5 seconds to provide seconds to minutes of warning, allowing people to prepare for protective actions. EEWS in Korea is currently capable of providing a warning within 50 seconds after the primary P-wave detection, however, it is well-known that earthquake warning systems operating around Korean National Parks (KNP) have limited capability to fully monitor earthquake events. This study, therefore, presents a strategy to quantify the potential vulnerability to earthquake hazards by superimposing the distribution of Korea Integrated Seismic System (KISS) and the discretized map of KNP. Total 22 national parks are evaluated, and the results suggest that the improvement of the on-site systems should be necessitated for Gyoengju, Gyeryongsan, Songnisan, Gayasan, and Deogyusan national parks, whereas enhancement of regional systems is required for Bukhansan national park.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.335-349
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• 2004

Recently, there is change the environment of education due to development of Science Technology Specially, As education information on web increased by internet, using education web data by mean of medium that aids learning by computer. Also It studied method that used the Computer as learning medium through the CAI(Computer Assisted Instruction), ICAI(Intelligent CAI), and ITS(Intelligent Tutoring System). But legacy system are not support efficient method that learns to vary learner suitable learning method by individual level. Specially It is not suitable the education course to direct current course of education, and not consider different of student capability, aptitude, need, interesting, not maximized the individual growable power and effect of education. To solve the this problem, our paper suggest the web-based self-directed MITS(Multimedia ITS) that supply the needed the information on web, make the environment that can self-directed learning. To maximized effect of individual learning, our paper structured coursed, characterized, related learning contents in region of numeral at mathematics of primary school. And then integrated contents and class, design and implement the web-based MITS that consist of 4 module to escape from limitation of learner grade, learning time, learning place.