• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.51-68
• /
• 2019

This study performs to evaluate adaptability of seashore filtering type seawater-intake which adapts dua1 filter well alternative for direct seawater-intake. This study varies filter condition of seashore free surface aquifer which is composed of sand layer then installs real size dual filter well and single filter well to evaluate water permeability and proper pumping amount according to filter condition. According to result of step aquifer test, it is analysed that 110.3% synergy effect of water permeability coefficient is happened compare to single filter since dual filter well has better improvement. dual filter has higher water permeability coefficient compare to same pumping amount, this means dual filter has more improved water permeability than single filter. According to analysis result of continuous aquifer test, it is evaluated that dual filter well (SD1200) has higher water permeability than single filter well (SS800) by analysis of water permeability coefficient using monitoring well and gauging well, it is also analysed dual filter has 110.7% synergy effect of water permeability coefficient. As a evaluation result of pumping amount according to analysis of water level dropping rate, it is analysed that dual filter well increased 122.8% pumping amount compare to single filter well when water level dropping is 2.0 m. As a result of calculating proper pumping amount using water level dropping rate, it is analysed that dual filter well shows 136.0% higher pumping amount compare to single filter well. It is evaluated that proper pumping amount has 122.8~160% improvement compare to single filter, pumping amount improvement rate is 139.6% compare to averaged single filter. In other words, about 40% water intake efficiency can be improved by just installation of dual filter compare to normal well. Proper pumping amount of dual filter well using inflection point is 2843.3 L/min and it is evaluated that daily seawater intake amount is about $4,100m^3/day$ (${\fallingdotseq}4094.3m^3/day$) in one hole of dual filter well. Since it is possible to intake plenty of water in one hole, higher adaptability is anticipated. In case of intaking seawater using dual filter well, no worries regarding damages on facilities caused by natural disaster such as severe weather or typhoon, improvement of pollution is anticipated due to seashore sand layer acts like filter. Therefore, It can be alternative of environmental issue for existing seawater intake technique, can save maintenance expenses related to installation fee or damages and has excellent adaptability in economic aspect. The result of this study will be utilized as a basic data of site demonstration test for adaptation of riverside filtered water of upcoming dual filter well and this study is also anticipated to present standard of well design and construction related to riverside filter and seashore filter technique.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• 제52권12호
• /
• pp.975-984
• /
• 2019

As an essential prerequisite for systematic and integrated management of river water, it is necessary to secure the basic data such as discharge supplied to the river and released from the river. Under the current permit system for river water use, 59.1% of licensed facilities were found to have no discharge meters in 2017, especially for agricultural water, which makes it difficult to secure reliable data as a large portion of the reports are voluntarily reported by users. In this study, the indirect discharge measurement method of calculating the discharge through the power usage of the pumping station was applied to secure reliable discharge data. In particular, focusing on the fact that the discharge calculated by the power usage method differed with the actual discharge according to the level of the river, the study was conducted on improving the power usage method reflecting the river water level and improving the accuracy of discharge data. Analysis of the discharge calculated using the power usage method considering river water level using the correlation analysis method such as regression analysis, percent difference, root mean square error etc. confirmed that the results are not high compared to the conventional power usage method, but are slightly more approximated to the actual discharge. Therefore, although reliable discharge data can be obtained from the existing power usage method, it is expected that more accurate data on intaking water of river water can be obtained if the improved power usage method is used at points where the variation in the water level of the river is large.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.155-163
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze life habits and senior fitness according to metabolic syndrome by sex and age in the elderly and prevent metabolic syndrome in the elderly. A questionnaire survey for life habits and senior fitness measurement were conducted with 159 old men and 233 old women(a total of 392) who used welfare facilities for the elderly located in G Metropolitan City. The results were as follows. 1. In the comparison of life habits according to metabolic syndrome by sex and age, while old men showed a significant difference in smoking, drinking and drug intake, and stress relief, old women showed a significant difference in drinking and drug intake and dietary habits. 2. In the comparison of senior fitness according to metabolic syndrome by sex and age, while old men had a significant difference in lower and upper body muscle strength, old women had a significant difference in lower and upper body muscle strength, and general endurance. Based on the findings, the elderly's life habits according to metabolic syndrome had a difference in smoking, drinking and drug, and dietary life and senior fitness had a significant difference in muscle strength, flexibility, and endurance. Thus, the elderly need the methods for exercise habits and stress relief for healthy life. Also, old men should steadily strive to improve flexibility, endurance, agility, and balance and old women should steadily strive to improve agility and balance. When the elderly are careful for decreased fitness with age and strive to maintain healthy life habits, their quality of life will be improved and metabolic syndrome will be prevented.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.232-241
• /
• 2005

Today, the role of kindergarten is more important as nutrition provider through snack and meal services. Desirable kinds and amounts of food items at school lunch menu were important factors of nutrients intakes in children. This study was performed to assess the kindergarten's meal service program (snack and lunch) and the consumption amount of lunch according to each dishes. Twenty four institutions that cared over one hundred children were observed at Seoul and Kyunggido area. Well-trained observers checked meal and snack serving activity and foodservice facilities by formal checklist. And using the weighing method assessed the consumption levels of food items at lunch. During 3 days, 30 children in each kindergarten were selected randomly according to age, observers measured serving and residual weight of each food. The data was compiles by performing ANOVA-test using SPSS WIN 10.0. The result were as follows: 1) Foodservice facilities in kindergarten was limited to provide qualified foodservice. $91.7\%$ of institution had kitchen, $41.7\%$ had dinning. The kitchen equipment possession rate was $12.5\%$ (oven), $30.8\%$ (heating cabinet), $58.3\%$ (refrigerator). The rate of using document about foodservice was used $83.3\%$ (menu list), $41.7\%$ (daily foodservice record), $25\%$ (standard recipe). $41.7\%$ of institution employed licensed dietitian. Only $41.7\%$ of subjects preserved meal after daily meal service. 2) Meal serving size was decided by teacher, $54.5\%$ at snack and $43\%$ at lunch and pre-divided individual portion type was $36.4\%$ at snack and $28.6\%$ at lunch. The rate of cleaning activity before meal was $72.2\%$ at snack, $90.5\%$ at lunch. And nutrition or sanitation education activity was more performed at lunch time, for examples brushing teeth activity was $12.5\%$ at snack $85.7\%$ at lunch. 3) The consumption amounts of plain cooked rice was $112.7{\pm}26.1{\cal}g$, cooked rice and cereal was $93.06{\pm}27.97{\cal}g$, curry rice was $208.35{\pm}64.84{\cal}g$ and the consumption amounts of these main dishes was significantly different by age (p < 0.001). The consumption amounts of soup was very different according to children's preference. The consumption amounts of seaweed soup was $120.18{\pm}82.13{\cal}g$, wild sesame and bean-paste soup was $40.64{\pm}23.16{\cal}g$. The consumption range of kimchis was from $6{\cal}g\;to\;13{\cal}g$, jorim (braised food) was from $3{\cal}g\;to\;25{\cal}g$, fried food (include stir fried, deep fat fried, pan fried) was from $14.5{\cal}g\;to\;22{\cal}g$, vegetable dish was from $3{\cal}g\;to\;16{\cal}g$. These consumption amount of each dishes was not reached recommended portion size of nutritionally planning menu by nutritionist.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제6권5호
• /
• pp.466-473
• /
• 2012

The change in people's dietary life has led to an increase in an intake of processed foods and food chemicals, raising awareness about taste education for preschoolers whose dietary habits start to grow. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and satisfaction of parents and childcare personnel after developing a taste education program and demonstrating it in class. A part of the curriculum developed by Piusais and Pierre was referred for the program. After educating 524 preschoolers in child care facilities in Seoul, a satisfaction survey was conducted on the program. The data in this study were analyzed using SPSS 14.0. Statistical analysis was conducted based on the frequency after collecting the data. Mean ${\pm}$ SD used to determine satisfaction with taste education, with preferences marked on a five-point scale and the alpha was set at 0.05. The program includes five teachers' guides with subjects of sweetness, saltiness, sourness, bitterness and harmony of flavor, and ten kinds of teaching tools. For the change in parents' recognition of the need for taste education based on five-point scale, the average of $4.06{\pm}0.62$ before the program has significantly increased to $4.32{\pm}0.52$ (P < 0.01). Regarding the change in the preferences for sweetness, saltiness, sourness, and bitterness, the average has increased to $3.83{\pm}0.61$, $3.62{\pm}0.66$, $3.64{\pm}0.66$, and $3.56{\pm}0.75$ respectively. In an evaluation of instructors in child care facilities, the average scores for education method, education effect, education contents and nutritionists, and teaching tools were at $4.15{\pm}0.63$, $3.91{\pm}0.50$, $4.18{\pm}0.50$, and $3.80{\pm}0.56$ respectively. In addition, the need for a continuous taste education scored $4.42{\pm}0.67$. This program has created a positive change in preschoolers' dietary life, therefore the continuation and propagation of the taste education program should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.65-86
• /
• 1990

Living conditions of the rural elderly were assessed in terms of clothing behavior, health and nutritional status, housing and envioronmental condition, and psychological adjustment. The subjects were eighty individuals over sixty residing in the rural community of Iksan-kun, Chollabukdo. The interview method using questionnaires, direct measurement, and observation was used for this study. Data were compared with those obtained from a previous study of the elderly residing in an urban area. Clothing behavior showed that the elderly residing in the rural community were more concerned about plain and conservative design of clothes than their urban counterparts. Special protective clothes for cropdusting with agricultural chemicals had not been prepared. The following urgent needs were pointed out: development and supply of agricultural chemical protective clothing and development and education of appropriate washing and clothing care methods. The health status of the elderly was generally good, but poor eating habits were found more frequently in the rural elderly than among the urban dwellers. Several dietary nutrient intakes were insufficient. Contrasting the urban elderly with the rural group, it was found that the urban group lacked sufficient vitamin A and vitamin C and the urban women had insufficient calorie whereas the rural group was deficient in protein, vitamin A, calorie, and fat. A significant relationship was found between dietary nutrient intake and health index, food habit points, self recognized health status, meal satisfaction, and economic status. Urgent needs of the development of a nutrition education program for the elderly were pointed out. Most of elderly residing in the surveyed rural communities were living alone or with their spouse only, therefore only one room was used among the three or four available rooms. Most of the rural elderly were living either in a traditional Korean house built with differing floor levels or in a modified Korean style house. Minimal modernization had been made for kitchen facilities such as sink and gas range or for heating facilities with the briquette boiler. However, sanitary space such as lavatory and bathroom had not been remodeled. A housing welfare program for rural communities should be implemented at the national level. The comparison of psychological characteristics of the rural elderly with their city counterparts revealed that the rural elderly have a more stable psychological status and optimistic attitude than those living in a city. However, it was found that most of the elderly did not have any future plan. Community programs for the elderly including hobbies or leisure activities or education programs to generate close interpersonal relationships with their children should be developed and provided.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.153-159
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to develop food for the elderly, which are well-shaped and easy to chew and swallow. The amounts of water and gelatin were adjusted to facilitate breaking down of the food with the tongue. In the aging society, it is necessary to support the development of a variety of products that can ease the intake functions of swallowing and chewing, while complementing with the essential nutrients supplements; such products can be actively commercialized in the elderly industry. Various types of food, for elderly with difficulties in chewing and swallowing, were used for sensory assessment. Sensory panel consisted of 10 dietitians (10 women) in nursing care facilities. The sensory optimal composite recipes were determined by central composite design (CCD). The sensory measurements were significantly different in the appearance (p<0.01), saltiness (p<0.01) and overall quality (p<0.01). The optimum formulation of pan fried flat fish, calculated by numerical and graphical method, was 8.54 g of salt and 6.34 g of olive oil. Moisture content, hardness, and adhesiveness of pan fried flat fish were 84.77%, 250, and -1.20, respectively. The result showed that easily chewable and swallowable pan fried flat fish for the elderly will have sufficient competitiveness, considering its safety, taste, and preference. This study may provide the basic materials for the development of easily chewable and swallowable foods for elderly.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• 제62권2호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to estimate the channel water loss of agricultural water supply in the command areas belong to Yechon irrigation channel of Gyeongcheon reservoir located Mungyeong-si, which area experienced a severe drought in 2015. The channel water loss was estimated by comparison of the irrigation water requirements (IWR) and agricultural water supply of the field data from 2012 to 2015. Further analysis was conducted to define the conveyance loss estimated based on the leakage holes and illegal pumping spots investigated through the field survey, and the distribution loss obtained by subtracting conveyance loss from the channel water loss. The annual rainfall decreased gradually, but the contribution of effective rainfall, available rain water to crop, increased to IWR during the study period. These phenomena resulted in the increase of agricultural water supply, and hence made greater the channel water loss simultaneously. The average channel water losses estimated as 36.8 % with 7.1 % of the conveyance loss and 29.7 % of distribution loss respectively. The distribution loss seems to be related to total number of rainy days, and irrigation schedules, while the conveyance loss was caused by irrigation channel aging conditions and illegal intake problems. In order to achieve sustainable agricultural water resources, the channel water loss needs to be reduced through the restoration of aged irrigation facilities and effective water managements in the fields.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.588-596
• /
• 2014

To examine the influences of water temperature and stocking density on feeding, growth and blind-side hypermelanosis of the starry flounder Platichthys stellatus, we performed an experiment with fry at two densities: 2 and 8 fish/L. The fry had a total length of $3.2{\pm}0.1cm$, body weight $0.6{\pm}0.1g$, and pigmented patches (pigmented ratio $2.6{\pm}0.4%$) on the blind side. Duplicate experiments were conducted in 93.7 L glass tanks for 120 days, from July to November. We determined daily food intake (DFI), food efficiency (FE), growth, survival rate, ratio of hypermelanic fish, and pigmented area rate on the blind side at 60-day intervals. The DFI was less than 50 mg/fish/day, and growth was delayed from July to September (water temperature [WT]> $20^{\circ}C$). After October, when WT < $20^{\circ}C$, the DFI increased significantly and the growth was accelerated, suggesting that the rearing temperature of starry flounder in artificial facilities should be < $20^{\circ}C$. While the FE, and survival did no differ between the two density groups, DFI and growth were significantly higher at 2 fish/L than at 8 fish/L. There was no difference in the pigmented area ratio between the two density groups. Although the hypermelanosis was not correlated with body size, the malpigmentation increased with growth. These results suggest that a high stocking density is not the main cause of blind-side hypermelanosis, although it can accelerate hypermelanosis in the starry flounder.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• 제26권9호
• /
• pp.1031-1043
• /
• 2017

Recently severe drought caused the water shortage around the western parts of Chungcheongnamdo province, South Korea. A Diversion tunnel from the Geum river to the Boryong dam, which is the water supply dam for these areas has been proposed to solve this problem. This study examined hydraulic impacts on the Geum river associated with the diversion plan assuming the severe drought condition of 2015 would persist for the simulation period of 2016. The hydraulic simulation model was verified using hydrologic and hydraulic data including hourly discharges of the Geum river and its 8 tributaries, fluctuation of tidal level at the mouth of the river, withdrawals and return flows and operation records of the Geum river barrage since Feb. 1, 2015 through May 31, 2015. For the upstream boundary condition of the Geum river predicted inflow series using the nonlinear regression equation for 2015 discharge data was used. In order to estimate the effects of uncertainty in inflow prediction to the results total four inflow series consisting of upper limit flow, expected flow, lower limit flow and instream flow were used to examine hydraulic impacts of the diversion plan. The simulation showed that in cases of upper limit and expected flows there would be no problem in taking water from the Geum river mouth with a minimum water surface level of EL(+) 1.44 m. Meanwhile, the simulation also showed that in cases of lower limit flow and instream flow there would be some problems not only in taking water for water supply from the mouth of the Geum river but also operating the diversion facility itself with minimum water surface levels of EL(+) 0.94, 0.72, 0.43, and 0.14 m for the lower limit flow without/with diversion and the instream flow without/with diversion, respectively.