• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.5-27
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• 2023

가네는 효과적인 교수·학습을 위한 9가지의 교수사태-주의집중, 학습목표 제시, 선수학습능력 재생, 학습자료 제시, 학습지침 제공, 학생수행 요구, 피드백 제공, 성취행동 평가, 파지와 전이-를 제안하였다. 가네의 이론은 학생들의 참여를 높이고, 체계적으로 수업을 전개할 수 있기 때문에 여러 교과에서 널리 적용되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 가네의 교수사태 이론을 적용하여 중학교 '도서관과 정보생활' 교과의 학습지도안을 개발하고 그 효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 연구절차는 다음과 같다. 중학교 '도서관과 정보생활'의 정보분석과 이해)을 가네의 교수사태이론을 적용하여 학습지도안을 개발하고 실제 수업을 진행한 후, 학생 평가, 동료교사 평가, 교수자 자기 평가를 실시하였다. 평가 결과를 바탕으로 학습지도안의 수정 및 개선 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.109-128
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• 1992

Elementary science textbooks are the major instructional materials which contain sceientific objectives to be acquired by students. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development system, to evaluate the inquiry activity in current elementary science testbooks, and to make suggestions for the improvement of them. The questionnaires were administered to 116 subjects that participated in development of the 5th elementary science textbooks, and 86 of the subjects responded. Based on the data gathered and analyzed in this study, the major findings are as follows. First, regarding the analysis and evaluation of elementary science textbooks. 1. The instructional objectives in elementary science textbooks are analyzed. The proportions of comprehension objectives is 38%, scientific inquiry process objectives 21%, experimental skills objectives 7%, scientific attitudes and interests objectives 4%. 2. The science concepts in elementary science textbooks of the 3rd grade required the preconcrete operational level(82%) and of the 6rd grade required the postconcrete operational level (73%) by J. Piaget 3. The inquiry activities in elementary science textbooks are emphasizing gathering and organizing results and evaluation, and hypothesizing and designing an experiment Inquiry index of the elementary science textbooks is 76. This is significantly higher than 35${\sim}$50 of America and U.K.. 4. The number of questions per class hour is mostly three, and most of them require the students to explain phenomena in nature or in experiment Second, regarding the development system of elementary science textbooks. 1. The budget for and the period of the development of elementary science textbook should be expanded. 2. For the improvement of elementary science textbooks, more abundant resources and time should be used for the basic study and the field trial of textbooks. 3. The elementary science textbook must include the affective objectives as well as the scientific knowledges and scientific inquiry skills. 4. It is not desirable to assign equal number of pages to the content of physics, chemistry, biology, and earth science. 5. Closer cooperation system is needed among the ministry of education, development research center and the field trial schools.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.157-170
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to survey the instructional state of the unit 'Small Living Things' in the Elementary School Science. for this study, 100 teachers were surveyed on teaching-learning practices. More specifically, questions were asked on the degree of accomplishing instruction objectives, frequency of field . study, experimental preparation, alternative instructional methods, amount of preparation, availability of reference books for teachers and availability of information materials on the Kwangju region. Our results show that teachers find the objectives related to the collection of living things for class experiments and the task of growing and observing them the most difficult to accomplish. It was reported that 38% of teachers have actually conducted field trips. The obstacles listed in going out on field study range from lack of knowledge of appropriate places, lack of time, to safety concerns. The most difficult problem in teaching this unit was preparing proper instructional materials, regardless of teacher's gender, career, and interest. Most respondents let children provide the experimental subjects. Teachers with collection experience tend to provide for the experimental materials themselves. Our Analysis also reveals that more than 70% of the respondents do not have adequate knowledge of the species dealt with in the unit. Gender, career, and interest area of the teachers did not make any difference (p< .05). In the case that proper experimental subjects have not been prepared, VTR, textbooks, and charts were reported as the most frequently used alternative instruction aids. The level of content and amount of knowledge contained in this unit were found to be appropriate. Information on instruction materials and experiment-observation were obtained through the teaching manual or periodicals (58%), information materials on the region(20%), and fellow teachers (12%). Reference books for teachers and materials on the region are perceived to be inadequate in order of importance in the areas of preparation method, level-wise learning guide, experimental observation, and information on species covered in text. Overall, it was judged that the highest concern was with obtaining experimental materials, and teacher's reference books and materials on the region need to be reinforced to allow teachers to more fully utilize them. Development and distribution of proper instruction-learning materials to the children's level is also required.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.679-691
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 SSI를 실천하고 있는 교사들의 SSI의 본성에 대한 이해, 교수 목적, 다양한 전략에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 SSI-PCK의 요소를 탐색하고, 구성하며, SSI 수업을 오랫동안 진행해온교사들이 SSI-PCK를 자신의 수업에서 어떻게 구성하고 활용하고 있는가를 알아보는데 있다. 오랜 기간 SSI 과학 교육을 위해 노력해 오고 있는 경험이 많은 5명의 교사를 대상으로 반구조화된 면담을 통하여 그들의 경험을 심층적으로 서술한 사례연구이다. 최근 고안. 추출된 SSI-PCK 모형을 참고로 SSI 수업 경험이 풍부한 교사들로부터 SSI-PCK 요소들에 대한 경험적 실천을 공유하였다. 참여교사들은 다양한 요인을 고려하여 교수 방법을 선택하고 수업을 설계하고 있고, 학생들의 특성이나 어려움을 파악하는 학생의 SSI 학습에 관한 지식과 교육과정 연계 및 학습 환경 고려하고 있으나 평가지식 면에서는 소극적인 모습을 보였다. 또한 기존의 PCK 연구들에서 보여진 것처럼 교사의 교수지향과 교육 목적은 다양한 학습자 경험이나 환경상의 어려움 등의 면면 중에서도 무엇을 극복할 것인가를 정하고 극복하기 위한 교수 방법 및 방법 수정에 큰 영향을 주었다. 현장 과학 교사들이 이러한 다양한 측면을 고려하여 SSI 수업을 설계한다면 SSI 수업에 대한 막연한 두려움과 망설임이 많이 해소될 것으로 보인다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.265-278
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 초·중등 현직 교원을 대상으로 ICT 활용 교수법의 일환으로 스크래치 프로그래밍 교육을 실시한 후, 스크래치를 활용하여 교수 매체 개발을 수행하는 과정에 대한 경험을 분석하였다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 초·중등 현직 교사들이 자신의 교과에 프로그래밍을 활용하는 목적 및 방법에 대한 구체적인 생각 및 경험을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 ASSURE 모형을 기반으로 교과의 학습 목표와 방법에 따라 교수 설계를 시행하도록 하고, 이를 바탕으로 스크래치 활용 교수 매체를 제작하는 프로젝트를 시행하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 2019년 2학기 K대학의 교육대학원에 재학하고 있는 초·중등 현직 교사 10명을 대상으로 하였다. 현직 교사 10명은 스크래치 교육 후 최종 과제로 수행된 ASSURE 모형 기반 교수 설계와 프로젝트 결과물을 발표하고, 프로젝트 경험에 대한 설문에 응답하였다. 연구 결과, 현직 교사들은 학생들의 흥미를 유발하고, 수업 참여를 촉진하여 학습자 중심의 수업을 이끄는 데 스크래치 활용 수업 매체가 유의미한 결과를 가져올 수 있을 것이라는 긍정적인 기대를 보여주었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 현직 교사를 대상으로 재교육 프로그램 뿐 아니라 예비 교원을 대상으로 프로그래밍 교육의 방향 등에 대한 시사점을 제시해 준다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.491-499
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• 2012

2009 개정 교육과정의 화학 I 교육과정에서의 교육목표를 교과서의 학습목표 및 평가 문항에서 얼마나 반영하였는지에 대하여 Klopfer의 분류틀을 이용하여 조사하였다. 연구대상은 2009 개정 화학과 교육과정, 해설서, 4종의 화학 I 교과서이었다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2009 개정 교육과정의 화학I 교육목표는 Klopfer의 과학목표 분류체계의 모든 영역을 포함하고 있다. 둘째, 화학 I 교과서의 학습목표에 기술된 행동목표는 지식과 이해가 높은 비중을 차지하고 있는 반면, 과학적 탐구과정, 과학 지식과 과학 방법의 적용, 조작적 기능, 태도와 흥미, 지향에 관한 목표는 상대적으로 소홀하게 다루어지고 있다. 셋째, 화학 I 교과서의 단원종합문항의 평가 행동목표의 빈도는 지식과 이해에 집중되어 있다. 따라서 교과서 집필 시 교육과정의 다양한 교육목표를 반영한 학습목표의 진술이 필요하다. 학습 목표 및 평가 문항이 인지적인 면에 편중되어 진술하고 있으므로 학생들의 창의적인 사고를 위해 학습목표의 진술을 다양화하는 노력이 필요하다. 또한 교과서 학습목표와 평가문항목표의 일관성이 요구된다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.15-28
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• 1996

The system of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology education, radiographic equipments and oral health care were evaluated in Korea. The objectives, the length, curriculum guidelines, instructional method and teaching means for undergraduate, and postgraduate education in 9 dental college were described. To investigate the radiographic ewuipments, surveys were received from 6 Dental College Hospitals(DCH), 23 Dental Hospitals(DH) and 373 Dental Clinics(DC). And the results of oral health care were obtained from the surveys of Kyunghee Dental College Hospital(KDCH), 14 Dental Hospital Hospitals and 52 Dental Clinics.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.733-767
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• 2005

During the past decades, there has been a fundamental change in the objectives and nature of mathematics education, as well as a shift in research paradigms. The changes in mathematics education emphasize learning mathematics from realistic situations, students' invention or construction solution procedures, and interaction with other students of the teacher. This shifted perspective has many similarities with the theoretical . perspective of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) developed by Freudental. The RME theory focused the guide reinvention through mathematizing and takes into account students' informal solution strategies and interpretation through experientially real context problems. The heart of this reinvention process involves mathematizing activities in problem situations that are experientially real to students. It is important to note that reinvention in a collective, as well as individual activity, in which whole-class discussions centering on conjecture, explanation, and justification play a crucial role. The overall purpose of this study is to examine the developmental research efforts to adpat the instructional design perspective of RME to the teaching and learning of differential equation is collegiate mathematics education. Informed by the instructional design theory of RME and capitalizes on the potential technology to incorporate qualitative and numerical approaches, this study offers as approach for conceptualizing the learning and teaching of differential equation that is different from the traditional approach. Data were collected through participatory observation in a differential equations course at a university through a fall semester in 2003. All class sessions were video recorded and transcribed for later detailed analysis. Interviews were conducted systematically to probe the students' conceptual understanding and problem solving of differential equations. All the interviews were video recorded. In addition, students' works such as exams, journals and worksheets were collected for supplement the analysis of data from class observation and interview. Informed by the instructional design theory of RME, theoretical perspectives on emerging analyses of student thinking, this paper outlines an approach for conceptualizing inquiry-oriented differential equations that is different from traditional approaches and current reform efforts. One way of the wars in which thus approach complements current reform-oriented approaches 10 differential equations centers on a particular principled approach to mathematization. The findings of this research will provide insights into the role of the mathematics teacher, instructional materials, and technology, which will provide mathematics educators and instructional designers with new ways of thinking about their educational practice and new ways to foster students' mathematical justifications and ultimately improvement of educational practice in mathematics classes.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.147-160
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to review the literatures on designing and developing the CAI program and to develop the middle school students’CAI program for tutorial and instructional game. For these purposes, the learning and instructional theories and the developing phases and strategies for the program were reviewed to design the CAI program. And then the developing unit was selected and the CAI types and the developing direction were set according to the analysis of the CAI programs and related literatures on home economics teaching, The four phases-analysis, design, development, and formative evaluation-were carried out in this study. The results of this study are as following: 1. The CAI porgram was developed on health and food life units. The program contains 12 classes on health and food life in two floppy diskettes. It consisted of total 9,000 lines and 76 frame and takes two hours to study this program. This program could be used in educational computers an could be utilized for unit learing tutorial. It was composed of three parts-unit learning, finding maze, and finding food. In the unit learning part, the learning contents in health and food life units were structured and presented. In finding maze and food part, the basic and the applied problems were presented with game. The characteristics of this program were as followings: (1)This program was able to bring learners’motivation due to the strategies of tutorial and instructional game and they can interestingly learn the program for themselves. (2) The learner could practive the learning contents repeatedly and unit learning while playing the gaming, (3) The learner himself can review and supplement the learning contents without teacher’s help. (4) This program was developed to unit learning on health and food life, on the other hand so far many CAI programs for home economics teaching were developed for studying separate learning units. 2. To effectively utilize this program, the guide book for the student and the teacher was developed. It contained method of using the program, introduction of the program, review of the program, the program objectives, the learning contents, and the keys to progress the program.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.224-235
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• 2017

Purpose: This purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of educational design according to Goal-based Scenario constituent elements such as educational goals, mission, cover story, role, scenario operation, resources, and feedback in simulation training. Methods: The subjects of this study were 130 nursing students in their senior year who enrolled in the simulation exercise I course. They were divided into a total of 10 groups in which less than 20 students were assigned. In order to verify the effectiveness of the simulation training through Goal-based Scenario instructional design, a design of non-equality control group was carried out. Results: The results of this study were as follows: Critical thinking (t=1.81, p=.073) and problem solving ability (t=1.79, p=.076), course satisfaction (t=8.61, p<.001) and academic performance (t=5.48, p=.001) were supported. Conclusion: This study applied a Goal-based Scenario simulation program to present clear objectives for simulating training and to advance learning methods that are appropriate to the current education environment. In addition, this study has significance in presenting an instructional model for various simulated practice education and can be used as useful basic data related to simulated training education.