• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2010

This study is to examine how Korean speakers realize English stress on the homographic words. Experiments were performed by Korean speakers three times, before stress instruction, immediately after instruction, and six weeks after instruction. First, duration, fundamental frequency, and intensity of the vowel in a stressed syllable of three homographic words produced by Korean speakers were compared with those of native speakers of English. The result shows that when the words were used as nouns, before instruction Korean speakers had shorter duration and lower fundamental frequency in the stressed vowel than the native speakers, which indicates that Korean speakers did not assign the primary stress on the first syllable of the nouns. After instruction, the values of duration and fundamental frequency were increased and the differences between two groups were decreased. Next, the values of these stress features measured three times were analyzed in order to find out how they changed through instruction. The analysis shows that after instruction the values of three features were increased compared to the ones before instruction, and that the biggest change was in duration of the vowel and the next was fundamental frequency. Six weeks after instruction, the values of duration and intensity were decreased than those immediately after instruction. This means that instruction is helpful for Korean speakers to assign the stress for the English homographic words, and that instruction and practice are needed repeatedly.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-35
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of an explicit word instruction for EFL beginning readers and their perception on the learning experience. Data were attained from 16 fourth graders who took English class as a development activity. Data include the results of pre- and post-test of high frequency sight word recognition, oral reading ability, students' survey responses, and teacher observation. The descriptive statistics were obtained for the result of the pre- and post-test. The findings from the student survey and teacher observation were also provided and interpreted to better understand the result of project and students' perception on the learning experience. The followings are the results of this study. The word recognition ability of the students was dramatically improved after the project. The students were satisfied with the overall learning experience perceiving it as helpful and fun learning. They expressed that the explicit word instruction helped their word recognition and reading ability. The results also supported that the confidence of students on their reading ability were heightened. Several suggestions are made for teachers and researchers on the word instruction for young EFL learners who are beginning readers.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.285-288
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• 2008

Most of multimedia processors for 2D/3D graphics acceleration use a lot of integer/floating point arithmetic units. We present a new architecture with an efficient ALU, built in a smaller chip size. It reduces instruction cycles significantly based on a foundation of multi-thread operation, variable length instruction words, dual phase operation, and phase instruction's coordination. We can decrease the number of instruction cycles up to 50%, and can achieve twice better performance.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.259-277
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• 2004

The effects of two literacy programs, Balanced Literacy Instruction(BLI) and Phonics Instruction were studied in 40 three- and four-year old children. BLIwas created to compensate for the limits of the Whole Language Approach(WLA) and of Phonics Instruction(PI). The WLA focuses on writing and communication but lacks concrete instruction methods and overlooks technical aspects of reading and writing. On the contrary, PI is logical, stressing phonemic recognition, skill in distinguishing words, and the rules of consonants and vowels. By combining the best of both PI and WLA to create BLI, this study showed that children who received BLI significantly improved their ability of phoneme recognition, reading, writing and understanding of the content of a book, letting us conclude that BLI is the more effective method for teaching literacy.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.89-112
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• 2005

This study investigated the effects of collocation-based vocabulary instruction for the experimental group (G2). It was compared to the traditional wordlist-based vocabulary instruction for the control group (G1). This results reflect the development of low level high school EFL learners' vocabulary learning strategy use and the positive change in the affective domain. In the analysis of the survey responses, G1 and G2 did not differ significantly on the first questionnaire. They did, however, differ significantly on the second questionnaire. G2 used more strategies to discover and to consolidate the meaning of the words by means of combining words. In terms of the affective domain, G2 participated more actively in the learning activities, which had a significant effect on vocabulary growth, memory, self-confidence, motivation, and cooperative learning. This is attributable to the fact that G2 was more inquisitive, interested, challenged, participatory, cooperative, and attentive than G1 in performing the vocabulary task activities. Moreover, the data collected from the questionnaire showed that G2 performed more interactive and dynamic activities in solving the given tasks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.281-284
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• 2008

Recently, Khronos institude OpenGL ES 2.0 API for support Shader 3.0 model that can possible variable graphic processing. For this reason, the mobile device have need of supporting processor for a shader 3.0 model. We should extend instruction's length to support OpenGL ES 2.0 API, so we need more memory size. In this paper, we propose a new instruction form that adopted variable length and unit instruction architecture. This proposed instruction architecture that support to Shader 3.0 model has consist of 32bit unit instructions up to 4 which can be combined for embellishing each other. Therefore, it can execute flexible instruction combination and reduce waste of instruction fields.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.101-123
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to construct the "open" instructional model that might be used properly in mathematics classroom. In this study, the core philosophy of "openness" in mathematics instruction is looked upon as the transference itself from pursuing simply strengthening the function of instruction such as effectiveness in the management of educational environment into the understanding of the nature of mathematics learning and the pursuing of true effectiveness in mathematics learning. It means, in other words, this study is going to accept the "openness" as functional readiness to open all the possibility among the conditions of educational environment for the purpose of realizing maximum learning effectiveness. With considering these concepts, this study regards open mathematics education as simply one section among the spectrum of mathematics education, thus could be included in the category of mathematics education. The model for open instruction in mathematics classroom, constructed in this study, has the following virtues: This model (1) suggests integrated view of open mathematics instruction that could adjust the individual and sporadic views recently constructed about open mathematics instruction; (2) could suggest structural approach for the construction of open mathematics instruction program; (3) could be used in other way as a method for evaluation open mathematics instruction program.thematics instruction program.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2008

The Khronos group releases OpenGL ES 2.0 API specification bringing streamlined shader programming to graphics processor of embedded system. For this reason, the mobile devices have need of graphics processor for supporting a OpenGL ES 2.0 API. We need to extend instruction`s length to support OpenGLES 2.0 API, so it needs more memory size. In this paper, we propose a new instruction format that offers availability for use the instructions. This proposed instruction adopt a variable length method and unit instruction architecture. This proposed instruction architecture that support to OpenGLES 2.0 API has consist of 32bit unit instructions up to 4 which can be combined for embellishing each other. Therefore, it can execute flexible instruction combination and reduce waste of instruction fields.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.2 s.308
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a new register file architecture called the Register File Extension for Multi-words or Long-word Operation (RFEMLO) to accelerate both symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic algorithms. Based on the idea that most of cryptographic algorithms heavily use multi-words or long-word operations, RFEMLO allows multiple contiguous registers to be specified as a single operand. Thus, a single instruction can specify a SIMD-style multi-word operation or a long-word operation. RFEMLO can be applied to general purpose processors by adding instruction set for multi-words or long-word operands and functional units for additional instruction set. To evaluate the performance of RFEMLO, we use Simplescalar/ARM 3.0 (with gcc 2.95.2) and run detailed simulations on various symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic algorithms. By applying RFEMLO, we could get maximum 62% and 70% reductions in the total instruction count of symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic algorithms respectively. Also, performance results show that a speedup of 1.4 to 2.6 can be obtained in symmetric cryptographic algorithms and a speedup of 2.5 to 3.3 can be obtained for asymmetric cryptographic algorithms when we apply RFEMLO to a processor with an in-order pipeline. We also found that RFEMLO can effectively improve the performance of these cryptographic algorithms with much less cost compared to issue-width increase available in Superscalar implementations. Moreover, the RFEMLO can also be applied to Superscalar processor, leading to additional 83% and 138% performance gain in symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic algorithms.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 1989

For the advancement of research in biological education in Korea, research trends shown in Journal of Biological Education(JBE)of England were analyzed by using a PC program(REFMENU). Papers Published in JBE between 1977 and 1987 were registered on the program with classifying keys of biological education and biology including names of authors, year, title, volume pages, and key words. Those input-date were analyzed by sorting depend-ing on either the classifying keys or the key words. Among the 361 papers 28.8% was dealing with the theory of science education. The rest dealt with biology and biological education, together. Of the six categories of biological education, the research on biological curriculum was 41 % of total and was the most. The major trends in this category was in developing the content of the curriculum. In the research of biological instruction, 37 papers dealt with the instruction theory and the rest 60 papers dealt with the tactics of Instruction. Of the 60 papers on materials in biological education, the research in developing the biological material was the most. Thus, the general research trend was far more practical aspect than the theoretical aspect of biological education. In the analysis of the papers depending on the biological categories, the one dealt with ecology was the most(26.8%). The rest papers showed almost even distribution in the 13 categories of biology. The results of this analysis was discussed by comparing with the research trends in Korea to suggest the possible future studies.