• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.606-615
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The nutritional quality of lunches is an important factor related to workers' health. This study examined the nutritional quality of Korean workers' lunches with a focus on comparing institutional and commercial lunches. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The data from a 1-day, 24-hour dietary recall from the $5^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012) were analyzed. A total of 2,192 subjects aged 19 to 64 years, who had consumed lunches served by institutional or commercial food service vendors, were included for analysis. The nutritional quality of the lunches of the institutional lunch group (n=626) and the commercial lunch group (n=1,566) was compared in terms of the number of servings, food groups, nutrient intake, Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR), and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR). RESULTS: The NAR and MAR were significantly higher in the institutional lunches than in the commercial lunches, but more than half of workers in both groups obtained over 65% of their energy from carbohydrate. The average sodium intake from the lunches exceeded the daily intake goal (2,000 mg) in both groups. More than half of workers in both groups presented less than one-third of their respective recommended daily intake of riboflavin and calcium. With the exception of riboflavin, the nutrient intake from lunches accounted for more than 35% of the daily nutrient intake. CONCLUSIONS: The overall nutritional quality of institutional lunches was higher than that of commercial lunches. However, institutional lunches had room for improvement in terms of nutritional quality.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2021

This paper investigates the effect of institutional quality on FDI inflows by using FDI outflows from Asian countries from 2009 to 2017. We used the FDI data from five major Asian economies, which are South Korea, China, Japan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The gravity model was used to examine the effect of institutional quality on FDI flows. The regression model considers several independent variables, and we select the most appropriate variables by using the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) estimator. We have shown that foreign direct investment from Asian countries depends on the size of home and the partner countries, geographical distance, trade interaction between two countries, economic freedom, labor supply, tariff rate, and capacity of the government. The results of different estimation techniques emphasize that multinational enterprises prefer to invest in those countries which have a higher income, which shows the evidence for Lucas's paradox. The results also show that economic freedom and control of corruption have a positive impact on FDI inwards. The regression results show that better institutional quality in host countries encourages more FDIs from Asian economies. It suggests that the state should control corruption and create a free economic environment to attract FDIs.

• Architectural research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2021

Reduction in competence makes older adults with dementia more sensitive to the influence of the physical environment. The aim of the longitudinal study was to examine whether residents with dementia in long-term facilities with variability in physical environmental characteristics in Vancouver (N= 11), Canada and Stockholm (N=13), Sweden had a difference in their quality of life (QoL). QoL was assessed using Dementia Care Mapping tool three times over one year for the reliability of data. The results of the study demonstrated that the residents with dementia living in a homelike and positive stimulating setting showed less withdrawn behaviors and a higher level of well-being compared to those in a large-scale institutional setting. This study also found that the residents living in a large-scale institutional environment spent more monotonous times than the other groups, which may be to provision of fewer structured activity programs or less social interaction with neighbors or staff members. Residents living in a large-scale institutional setting in Canada showed so far as five times more agitated/ distressed behaviors and twice more withdrawal compared to the ones living in a small-scale homelike setting in Sweden. The study supports that the large-scale institutional environment was considerably associated with levels of lower quality of life among the residents with dementia.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.273-309
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• 2021

The development of regulatory systems varies between transition and non-transition economies. This suggests that they provide different incentives for entrepreneurial development and could have varied effects on the economy because they have different methods to deal with market failure. However, limited empirical evidence exists to prove the assumption of dichotomy. Using comprehensive data for institutional quality, labor market and financial market development, this research sought to analyze their effect on employment growth at micro level. The results show that the quality of institutions in transition economies are poorer relative to those in non-transition economies, but their financial and labor markets are more developed than the latter. Further analysis for the transition sample shows that the three variables are individually positively related with employment growth. For the non-transition sample, institutional quality and labor market flexibility bear a positive and significant effect on employment. Financial market development enters the model with a negative coefficient when regressed alone, but a joint test of significance finds that all the variables have a positive effect on employment growth. This result could imply that there is interdependence between institutional quality, labor flexibility and financial market development in firm-employment-growth relationship, or complementarity between regulations and the quality of institutions. Alternatively, this finding suggests that a stringently regulated credit market in non-transition economies have a selection effect-allocating credit only to entrepreneurs who already demonstrate strong growth potential. In sum, despite differences in the evolution of regulatory environment between the two samples, both of them complement employment growth at firm level. The overall implication of these findings is that less rigid regulations and coherent policies that are enforced with impartiality provide incentives for firms to expand.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2019

The paper examines the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the economic growth of Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) between 1993 and 2015. The investigation is based on the influence of growth and economic absorptive capability determinants such as human capital, trade openness, and institutional quality. The methodological analysis uses a multivariate framework accounting capital stock, labor stock, FDI, human capital, trade openness, and institutional quality in regression of the Vector Autoregressive model. Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, Johansen Cointegration test, and Granger Causality test were applied as parts of the econometric time-series analysis approach. The empirical results demonstrate the positive effects of FDI and trade openness, and the negative effects of human capital and institutional quality on the economic growth of the Lao PDR over the 1993 to 2015 period. The findings confirm that trade openness complemented by a sufficient level of infrastructure, education, quality institutions, and transparency significantly influence economic growth and attract more FDI. Research results lend credence to the need for the Lao PDR's government to focus on improving its economic absorptive capability and economic competitiveness regionally and globally by improving wealth and resource management strategies, as failure to take this course of action could lead to the Dutch Disease effects.

• 무역학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.23-45
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• 2023

본 연구는 제도적 거리와 해외직접투자의 관계를 규명하기 위한 것으로 중국의 해외투자를 대상으로 수행한다. 중국과 투자 유치국 간의 제도적 거리는 세계은행에서 발표한 제도적 품질을 이용한다. 2008년부터 2019년까지 중국이 투자한 50개국의 패널 데이터를 수집하여 패널 GLS 방법론을 통해 해외직접투자에 영향을 미치는 요인을 제도적 관점에서 다음의 3가지를 검증한다. 첫째, 중국의 해외직접투자 전체 국가들을 대상으로 제도적 거리의 절대값이 중국의 OFDI에 미치는 영향이다. 두 번째는 중국과의 제도적 거리가 양(+)인 국가와 음(-)인 국가의 두 그룹으로 나눈 후 각 그룹에서의 제도적 거리와 OFDI의 관계이다. 마지막으로 제도적 거리와 중국의 OFDI 사이의 비선형 관계이다. 이를 위해 제도적 거리의 제곱항을 분석 모형에 추가한다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 제도적 거리는 중국의 OFDI와 정(+)의 관계가 확인된다. 중국보다 상대적으로 제도 품질이 높은 진출국 그룹에서는 제도적 거리와 OFDI는 역 U자형 관계가 나타나지만, 낮은 진출국 그룹에서는 정(+)의 관계가 나타난다. 또한, 중국의 OFDI는 제도적 요인과 경제적 요인의 복합적인 영향을 받는 것으로 확인된다. 본 연구의 결과는 FDI 유치국뿐만 아니라 다국적 기업의 FDI 진출국 선택에 있어서 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2007년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.463-467
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• 2007

This paper deals with service quality systems such as nonstore selling service, telemarketing services, call center services, market and opinion research service, franchise service, and, institutional feeding service. These service quality systems include process, infrastructure, and, requirements for the training and development of agents and staffs.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2015

In this paper, we analyze the quality status of Health and Welfare division's standardized log and asses the characteristics of the institutions' logs analysis to establish the criteria to minimize hazards and control the quality of log's institutional details to limit extraction. As a result, extraction condition's proposed development direction to adequately assess and control health and welfare abuses privacy control target log. This improvement over the status and quality of information shared with relation to institutional work of the log quality characteristics is made possible. In addition, quality control and inspection standards were prepared in accordance with the institutional log characteristics. Future research will include performing continuous analysis and improvement activities on the quality of logs with integrated control of sharing personal information and distributing information about logs' quality to proactively target organ. Therefore, we expect that correcting proactive personal information misuse and leakage is possible to achieve.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2020

This study discusses the institutional change of Chinese early childhood education quality assurance institution (ECEQAI) from the three dimensions of the perspective of historical institutionalism of that refer to the external environment, dynamic mechanism containing with nation-market-society, and the invisible ideology of the institutional change. Chinese ECEQAI was divided into five historical periods, which were 17 years after the founding of China (1949-1966), the Great Cultural Revolution (GCR) period (1966-1976), the early stage of Reform and Opening-up (RO) (1976-1995), the social change period (1995-2010) and the new period (2010-now). This study also concludes five separate change models for Chinese ECEQAI that correspond to the five periods. The first was a compulsory and gradual institutional change model influenced by the Soviet model and dominated by national power. The second was compulsory and radical change model controlled by the counter-revolutionary group. The third was a compulsory and gradual institutional change model dominated by national power. The fourth was induced and gradual^① institutional change model driven by market power and forced by society power. The fifth was a compulsory and gradual institutional change model led by national power and forced by society power. Finally, the future change direction of China's ECEQAI was further pointed out, that was the government-leading and tend to balanced three-pole power model of "Nation-Market-Society", as well as the "three-pole power relationship" of indepth communication and positive interaction.

• 비교교육연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.245-265
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• 2014

본 연구는 미국 북중미학교기관협의회 산하 고등학습위원회의 기관평가인증제 평가모형 개혁에 따른 시사점 분석을 통해 한국의 제2주기 기관평가인증제 평가모형 수립에 대해 제언하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 기관평가인증제 평가모형의 주요 요소인 인증모형, 인증 주기 및 종합평가, 평가준거, 결과판정, 인증지원시스템을 중심으로 고등학습위원회 및 한국대학평가원의 기관평가인증제를 비교 분석하였으며, 분석 결과를 바탕으로 한국의 제2주기 기관평가인증제 시행과 관련하여 다음과 같이 제언하였다. 첫째, 대학의 특성과 질 수준 차이를 반영한 다양한 인증모형을 개발하여 적용할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 최소 수준 질 인증과 함께 기관의 지속적인 질 제고를 유도하는 평가가 필요하다. 셋째, 대학 사명에 근거한 평가를 강화하고 정량적 평가를 최소화하며 평가위원 풀을 확대하고 교육훈련을 강화해야 한다. 넷째, 질 제고 강화를 위해 중간평가를 엄격하게 시행할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 정부는 기관평가인증제 결과를 대학구조조정 등에 적극적으로 반영해야 한다. 여섯째, 기관평가인증제를 관리하는 시스템 구축 및 대학정보공시제와 연동이 필요하다.