• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2000

In order to investigate in-line ground motions caused by earthquakes, we examine the multicomponent complex trace analysis method (MCTAM) for the synthetic data and apply it to real earthquake data. An experimental result for synthetic data gives correct information on the arrival times, duration of individual phases, and approaching angles for body waves. Rayleigh waves are also easily identified with the MCTAM. A deep earthquake with magnitude of 7.3 was chosen to test various polarization attributes of ground motions. For P waves, instantaneous phase difference between the vertical and the in-line horizontal components ${\phi}(t)$, instantaneous reciprocal ellipticity ${\rho}(t)$, and approaching angle ${\tau}(t)$ are computed to be ${\pm}180^{\circ},\;0{\sim}0.25,\;and\;-30^{\circ}{\sim}-45^{\circ}$, respectively. For S waves, ${\phi}(t)$ tends to vary while ${\rho}(t)$ have values of $0{\sim}0.3\;and\;{\tau}(t)$ remains near vertical, respectively. A relatively low frequency signal registered just prior to the S wave event is interpreted as a P-wave phase based on its polarization characteristics. Velocities of P and S waves are computed to be 8.633 km/s and 4.762 km/s, and their raypath parameters 0.074 s/km and 0.197 s/km. Dynamic Poisson's ratio is obtained as 0.281 from the velocities of P and S waves.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.329-336
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• 1997

Photoacoustic spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the carrier transport and the thermal diffusivity in GaAs and Si. From the frequency dependence of the photoacoustic signal, it is found that heat source was originated from the instantaneous thermalization process in low frequency region. In high frequency region, however, the heat was generated by the nonradiative bulk recombination and the nonradiative surface recombination processes. It was also shown that the photoacoustic effects in GaAs of a direct band gap were governed by all three processes and those in Si of an indirect band gap were produced by the instantaneous thermalization and the nonradiative bulk recombination only. The phase of the photoacoustic signal showed a minimum value in GaAs. In Si, the phase of the photoacoustic signal was monotonically decreased as the modulation frequency was increased, demonstrating the above-mentioned mechanisms of the generation of heat. By measuring the photoacoustic signal, thermal diffusivities of semiconductors were determined to be ∼0.35 ㎠/s for GaAs and ∼1.24 ㎠/s for Si. In addition, the similar values of thermal diffusivities were obtained from the curve fitting of photoacoustic phase spectra.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.7
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• pp.816-823
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• 2018

The Auto-synchronizer is essential equipment for synchronizing a generator to the power system. It is performing that measurement of the magnitude, frequency and phase of the voltage signal of the power system and generator. It is important to select the appropriate measurement algorithm for preventing various problem such as mechanical stress and Electrical problem. Teager Energy Operator(TEO) and Discrete separation algorithm(DESA) is measurable the instantaneous parameters of a sine wave using 5 samples and can be measured at a fast and with a simple operation. Therefore it has many advantages in measuring the parameters. In this paper, it confirmed measurement results using matlab simulations when there are synchronized in order of frequency, magnitude. Also it presented methods using digital filters and sample intervals to improve accuracy.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.132-137
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• 2018

Ultrasonic waves are used in various applications in multiple devices, sensors, and high-power machinery, such as processing machines, welders, and cleaners, because the acoustic vibration frequencies are above the human audible frequency range. In ultrasonic machining, electrical energy at a high frequency of 20 kHz or more is converted into mechanical vibration by a vibrator and an amplifier. This technique allows instantaneous separation between a tool and a workpiece during machining, machining by pulse impulse force at the time of re-contact and minimizes the minute elastic deformations of the workpiece and machine tools due to the cutting effect. The Al7075 alloy used in this study is a typical aluminum alloy with superior strength that is mainly used in aircrafts, automobiles, and sporting goods. To investigate the optimal conditions for machining aluminum alloy using ultrasonic vibration, the present experiment utilized the Taguchi orthogonal array method, and the coefficient of friction was analyzed using the characteristics of the Taguchi technique. In ultrasonic friction and abrasion tests, the changes in the friction coefficient were measured in the absence of ultrasonic vibrations and at 28 kHz and 40 kHz. As a result, the most considerable influence on the friction coefficient was found to be the normal load, and the frequency of ultrasonic vibrations increases, the coefficient of friction increases. It was thus confirmed that the amount of wear increases when ultrasonic vibration is applied.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.479-487
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• 2013

This study was to investigate characteristics for the pressure wave propagation and the maximum pressure near a rapid closure valve which was installed the end of multi piping network. The multi piping network consists of one inlet and three outlet with straight pipes. The diameter of the pipes including the valve was 100 mm, 80 mm, 80 mm respectively. The valve was rapidly closed with the instantaneous time which was 0.023s in the level for the water hammer. For the simulation, the influence of the pipe thickness and deformation due to pressure-wave-propagation was not considered. CFD was conducted under the following condition : the initial pressure was 1bar in the inlet and the mass flow rate was 7.83 kg/s in the outlet(the velocity in the pipe with 100 mm diameter was 1 m/s). As the valve have conditions that were status with and without fluid flow in the pipe after valve closing, the maximum pressure change and the frequency analysis were examined. As the results, the case that was status with fluid flow appeared the higher maximum pressure than another's, the maximum frequency band was about 10 ~ 11 Hz.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07f
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• pp.2668-2670
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• 1999

In the past, the PWM converter had a large switching loss by hard switching and difficult to high frequency operation. The resonance converter to decrease the switching loss and EMI is required the frequency control and needed to reduce the voltage or current stress at each parts. So, this paper propose the 3-phase boost converter and the method to compensated input power factor by control the amplitude - an instantaneous value of the DC inductor current -and control the switching frequency that a modulation error by the ripple of the DC inductor current. The proposed 3-phase PWM boost converter of single phase control type can takes higher capacity and compensate the power factor by using Feed back controller at each phase for the existing 3-phase bridge rectifier type. Moreover the 3-phase full bridge type using the rectifier at each 3-phase circuit will be small size reactor and compensate input power factor by minimize harmonic components of each phase.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.330-334
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• 2009

A simple and compact frequency swept laser is demonstrated at $1.3{\mu}m$ using a wavelength scanning filter based on a rotating slit disk. The laser is comprised of a pigtailed semiconductor optical amplifier, a circulator, and a wavelength scanning filter in an extended cavity configuration. The wavelength scanning filter is composed of a collimator, a diffraction grating, a rotating slit disk, and a mirror. The instantaneous laser output power is more than 5 mW. The scanning range of the laser is extended to 80 nm at the maximum level, and 55 nm in the full width at half maximum at a scanning rate of 2 kHz.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.587-594
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• 2002

A low frequency square wave electronic ballast for the high intensity discharge(HID) lamps using fuzzy logic controller is developed. This electronic ballast consists a buck converter, a low frequency square wave full bridge inverter, a high voltage pulse generator for the HID lamp ignition, an over current protection circuit and an 8-bit microcontroller. The ballast system is operated on the constant current mode during the HID lamp start-up process and the system is operated on the constant power mode during steady state. Experimental results show that the fuzzy logic control operation is carried out successfully by the 8-bit microcontroller PIC16F877 In this electronic ballast system, in spite of the limited control bandwidth caused by low operating speed of the microcontroller, the good performance in the constant lamp current characteristic is obtained. Acoustic resonance of the HID lamps can be effectively avoided because the instantaneous In lamp power is fully constant due to the low frequency square wave drive.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.118-127
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• 2007

We propose a link adaptation and selection method for the links constituting an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless relay network. The proposed link adaptation and selection method selects the forwarding, modulation, and channel coding schemes providing the highest end-to-end throughput and decides whether to use the relay or not. The link adaptation and selection is done for each sub-channel based on instantaneous signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) conditions in the source-to-destination, source-to-relay and relay-to-destination links. The considered forwarding schemes are amplify and forward (AF) and simple adaptive decode and forward (DF). Efficient adaptive modulation and coding decision rules are provided for various relaying schemes. The proposed end-to-end link adaptation and selection method ensures that the end-to-end throughput is always larger than or equal to that of transmissions without relay and non-adaptive relayed transmissions. Our evaluations show that over the region where relaying improves the end-to-end throughput, the DF scheme provides significant throughput gain over the AF scheme provided that the error propagation is avoided via error detection techniques. We provide a frame structure to enable the proposed link adaptation and selection method for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-time division duplex relay networks based on the IEEE 802.16e standard.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.188-195
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• 2018

A new directional linear array structure and its signal processing method are presented to resolve the left/right ambiguity inherent in a linear array. The array structure combines an ordinary acoustic sensor array with a DIFAR (Directional Frequency Analysis and Recording) sensor array, keeping a linear array configuration and gaining a instantaneous left/right discrimination. It presents better PSRR (Port-Starboard Rejection Ratio) in low frequency band and low SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) situation as compared with a conventional twin linear array, and good compromise to easily upgrade an existing linear array system to a new one with a left/right discrimination capability.