• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.287-312
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• 2011

Internet chat programs and instant messaging services are becoming increasingly popular among Internet users. One of the crucial issues with Internet chat is how to manage the corresponding pairs of questions and answers in a sequence of conversations. Although many novel methodologies have been introduced to cope with this problem, most are poor in managing interruptions, organizing turn-taking, and conveying comprehension. The Internet environment is recently evolving into a 3D environment, but the problems with managing chat dialogues with the standard 2D text-based chat have remained. Therefore, we propose a more realistic communication model for chat agents in 3D virtual space in this paper. First, we propose a new method to measure the capacity of communication between chat agents and a novel visualization method to depict the hierarchical structure of chat dialogues. In addition, we are concerned with communication networks for virtual people (avatars) living in virtual worlds. In this paper we consider a microscopic aspect of a social network in a relatively short period of time. Our experiments show that our model is highly effective in a virtual chat environment, and the communication network based on our model greatly facilitates investigation of a very large and complicated communication network.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2016

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has revolutionized the world and has profound impact on the social and economic development of a country. Implementation, practice and accessibility of ICT is viewed as an integral part of any countries' strategy today. These new technologies are becoming popular due to their ability to produce, distribute and provide instant access to massive information in no time. ICT has pervaded almost every aspect of human endeavor that may include health, education, economics, governance, entertainment etc. Tourism is one such vital industry that find enormous application of ICT in its strategic and operational level, to promise long term benefits and enhance economic growth. Tourism industry in western world and some developed countries of Asia have applied ICT for more than 30 years, and have gained tremendous benefits. Nepal which is also growing as one of the favourite tourist destinations lacks proper implementation of ICT in this industry. In our study we examined how the ICT can play a vital role in developing the tourism industry of Nepal. This study is an exploratory research based on primary data collected from tourist visiting Nepal, supported by information from tour operators, government agencies, NGOs and INGOS. A framework is devised on the basis of data and information collected and finally, discussions elaborate on the prospect and challenges of implementation of ICT in tourism industry of $Nep{\grave{a}}l$.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2021

Selective catalytic reduction(SCR) is an exhaust gas reduction device to remove nitro oxides (NOx). SCR operation of ship can be controlled through valves for minimizing economic loss from SCR. Valve in SCR-high pressure (HP) system is directly connected to engine exhaust and operates in high temperature and high pressure. Long-term thermal deformation induced by engine heat weakens the sealing of the valve, which can lead to unexpected failures during ship sailing. In order to prevent the unexpected failures due to long-term valve thermal deformation, a failure prediction system using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) was proposed. Based on the heating experiment, virtual data mimicking temperature range around the SCR-HP valve were produced. By detecting abnormal temperature rise and fall based on the short-term ARIMA prediction, an algorithm determines whether present temperature data is required for failure prediction. The signal processed by the data collection algorithm was interpolated for the failure prediction. By comparing mean average error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE), ARIMA model and suitable prediction instant were determined.

• Architectural research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2019

Inspired by the success of the High-line project in New York, The Seoul Metropolitan Government launched a project to convert an overpass near Seoul station into a pedestrian park. Seoullo 7017 went through instant success after its opening in May 2017; however, there is a continuous controversy over its long-term impact as shown in the exemplary cases like the High-line project. This study aims for quantitative investigation through the comparative analysis between Seoullo 7017 and the High-Line in the perspectives of spatial configuration. Space Syntax was chosen as the analysis method for this research. Integration (3) in Space Syntax is known to have a high correlation with pedestrian volume; thus, by using this method, spatial structure was analyzed by comparing the statistically verified results of changes in the spatial structure of the Highline with those in Seoul. The results indicated that the influence of Seoullo 7017 was less than that of the High-line in terms of spatial configuration. The reason for this difference is spatial configuration between Manhattan and Seoul. The High-line is located in Manhattan which has an urban grid structure, whereas Seoul has non-geometric urban structure, the neighborhood unit in Korea. Also the center of the overpass isn't connected well with its surroundings.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2021

Clinical photography is an essential component of patient care in plastic surgery. The use of unsecured smartphone cameras, digital cameras, social media, instant messaging, and commercially available cloud-based storage devices threatens patients' data safety. This paper Identifies potential risks of clinical photography and heightens awareness of safe clinical photography. Specifically, we evaluated existing risk-mitigation strategies globally, comparing them to industry standards in similar settings, and formulated a framework for developing a risk-mitigation plan for avoiding data breaches by identifying the safest methods of picture taking, transfer to storage, retrieval, and use, both within and outside the organization. Since threats evolve constantly, the framework must evolve too. Based on a literature search of both PubMed and the web (via Google) with key phrases and child terms (for PubMed), the risks and consequences of data breaches in individual processes in clinical photography are identified. Current clinical-photography practices are described. Lastly, we evaluate current risk mitigation strategies for clinical photography by examining guidelines from professional organizations, governmental agencies, and non-healthcare industries. Combining lessons learned from the steps above into a comprehensive framework that could contribute to national/international guidelines on safe clinical photography, we provide recommendations for best practice guidelines. It is imperative that best practice guidelines for the simple, safe, and secure capture, transfer, storage, and retrieval of clinical photographs be co-developed through cooperative efforts between providers, hospital administrators, clinical informaticians, IT governance structures, and national professional organizations. This would significantly safeguard patient data security and provide the privacy that patients deserve and expect.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.995-1009
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• 2007

청소년기의 식습관은 현재의 영양섭취와 미래의 건강에 영향을 미치므로 그 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 전주시내 중학생 450 명을 대상으로 학생들의 식행동을 조사하여 성별에 따른 차이 연구와 비만여부에 따른 차이를 연구하였다. 비만판정은 체질량 지수, 신장별 체중, 비만도의 3가지 비만판정 방법 중 2가지를 만족하는 학생을 비만으로 하였으며 설문지를 이용하여 식행동과 식품섭취 실태를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 조사대상자의 분포는 남학생은 56.7%(255명), 여학생은 43.3%(195명) 이었으며 비만${\cdot}$비비 만별로는 비만은 33.6%(151명), 비비만은 66.4% (299 명 ) 이였다. 또 남학생이 여학생보다 유의적으로 비만율이 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 나이는 13세, 14세가 가장 많았으며 부모의 학력은 고졸이 가장 많았고, 아버지 직업은 공무원 및 회사원이, 어머니 직업은 전업주부가 가장 많았다. 학 생들이 자각하는 경제적 수준은 중류층으로 인식하는 경우 가 가장 많았고 자신의 체격에 대해서는 비비만학생의 경우는 66.6% 가 '적당하다'고 인식하고 있었으며 비만학생의 경우는 62.0% 가 '뚱뚱하다'고 인식하고 있었다. 하루 중 세끼 모두 식사하는 경우는 64.2%였으며, 아침 결식은 27.3%, 점심 결식은 1.1%, 저녁 결식은 7.4% 임을 알 수 있었다. 식사 시간의 규칙성은 성별로는 남학생 (58.8%) 이 여학생 (55.9%)에 비해 규칙적이었으며, 비만${\cdot}$비비만별로는 비비만학생 (62.2%)이 비만학생 (48.0%) 에 비해 규칙적인 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 식사에 걸리는 시간은 전체 59.4% 가 10${\sim}$20 분이었고, 남학생이 여학생에 비해 식사속도가 빠른 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.05). 식사량은 남학생이 여학생보다 많고 비만학생이 비비만학생보다 식사량이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 가장 좋아하는 맛은 매운맛, 단맛, 신맛, 짠맛, 쓴맛 순이었고 비만 학생이 비비만학생에 비해 짠맛과 매운맛을 좋아하는 것으로 나다났다(p<0.05). 싫어하는 음식은 남녀학생 모두 특정 채소(부추, 호박)를 싫어하는 경향이 많았고 여학생이 남학생에 비해 식사할 때 가라는 음식이 많은 것으로 나다났다(p<0.01). 한 달 동안의 외식횟수는 2${\sim}$4회(33.6%) 가 가장 많았고, 비비만학생이 비만학생보다 외식 횟수가 많았으며 가족과 외식할 때 주로 먹는 음식은 한식, 양식, 중국음식 순으로 나다났다. 친구와 외식할 때 주로 먹는 음식은 패스트푸드가 79.6%로 가장 많았다 간식의 횟수는 대부분(86.3%) 하루에 1회 이상이었고 비비만학생이 비만학생보다 간식 횟수가 더 많았으며 (p<0.01), 간식을 먹는 주된 이유 는 배가 고파서였고 간식을 먹는 시간은 방과 후 저녁시간이 가장 많았다. 간식으로 주로 먹는 음식은 과자류, 라면류, 과일, 우유 및 유제품 순으로 나다났다. 성별에 따른 일주일간 식품 섭취는 남학생의 경우에 라면(p<0.05), 우유 (p<0.01), 탄산음료(p<0.05)가, 여학생의 경우는 초콜릿${\cdot}$사탕(p<0.05)의 섭취빈도가 높았으며 비만${\cdot}$비비만별 일주일간의 식품 섭취는 비비만학생이 비만학생에 비해 라면(p<0.05), 햄버거${\cdot}$피자(p<0.05), 초콜릿${\cdot}$사탕 (p<0.01)의 섭취빈도가 높았다. 또 남자 비비만학생이 햄버거${\cdot}$피자, 라면의 섭취빈도가 높았으며(p<0.05), 여자 비비만학생은 초콜릿${\cdot}$사탕의 섭취 빈도가 높았다 (p<0.01). 이상과 같이 식사의 규칙성, 싫어하는 음식, 간식, 식품섭취 빈도 등에서 남녀별, 비만${\cdot}$비비만별 차이가존재하며 특히 몇 가지 식습관과식 행동은 지도가 필요하다고 사료된다. 첫째, 아침 결식은 청소년기의 신체적 성장${\cdot}$발달과 수학능력 등 학교생활에 영향을 미치므로 적극적인 지도와 보완책이 필요하며 둘째, 친구들과 외식할 때 패스트푸드가 높은 비중을 차지하는 청소년들의 외식유형에 대한 관심과, 편향된 영양소와 지나친 칼로리의 패스트푸드를 지양하는 영양교육이 필요하며 셋째, 비만학생들의 식사량 제한이나 특정식품 제한은 성장기의 영양결핍이나 성장지연을 가져올 수 있으므로 올바른 체중관리 프로그램의 교육 및 보급이 필요하다고 사료된다. 이를 위한 청소년기의 바른 식생활 습관 적절한 영양섭취를 위한 체계적인 영양교육이 요구되며 학교와 가정, 사회가 관심을 가져야할 것이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2013

본 연구는 건강검진센터에서 건강검진을 받은 수검자 209명을 대상으로 성별, 연령별 혈청지질 농도의 분포 양상을 살펴보고 한국인의 식습관 및 식품섭취유형과의 관련성을 파악하여 건강증진센터 이용자 및 심혈관계질환자들을 위한 교육의 기초 자료를 마련하고자 수행하였다. 본 연구 결과에서 조사대상자의 BMI는 여자의 경우 연령이 증가함에 따라 유의적(p<0.01)으로 높았고, 남자가 여자보다 BMI가 높았다. 혈청 지질 농도는 여자가 TC, LDL, TG가 연령이 증감함에 따라 모두 유의적(p<0.01)으로 증가하였고, 남자는 TG가 연령이 증가함에 따라 높아졌지만 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 식습관 점수는 여자가 남자보다 높았지만 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 남녀 모두 연령이 높아질수록 식습관 점수가 높게 나타났다. 식습관 전체 점수는 BMI와 유의적인(p<0.05) 음의 상관관계를, 인스턴트식품 섭취 안함은 HDL과 유의적인 양(p<0.01)의 상관관계를 보였다. 식품의 섭취빈도에서 과자류 섭취빈도는 HDL과는 유의적인(p<0.05) 음의 상관관계를, LDL과 TG와는 유의적인(p<0.05) 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 고지방 식품 섭취빈도는 HDL과는 유의적인(p<0.01) 음의 상관관계를, LDL과는 유의적인(p<0.01) 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 육류(p<0.05)와 인스턴트식품(p<0.01) 섭취빈도는 HDL과 유의적인 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 튀김류(p<0.01) 섭취빈도는 TG와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 본 연구에서 다양한 식품군별 섭취빈도와 혈청지질 농도와 의미있는 관계를 보인 식품군들이 나타났지만 앞으로 조사대상자를 확대시킨 이와 관련된 연구를 수행함으로써 우리나라 사람들의 식사패턴에 맞는 식사관리 지침 프로그램 지침이 마련되어야 하겠다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.440-451
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 항암제인 taxol의 $^{111}In$ 방사성표지화합물을 합성하여 암진단제로서의 이용 가능성을 보기 위한 기초 연구를 수행하였다. Taxol의 $^{111}In$ 표지화합물을 얻기 위해 taxol구조에서 C-13의 곁가지에 있는 C-2' 부분의 hydroxyl기를 DTPA anhydride 및 succinic anhydride와 반응시켜 taxol-DTPA와 2'-hemisuccinyltaxol을 합성하였다. 반응수율은 taxol-DTPA 접합체의 경우 34%이었으며, 2'-hemisuccinyltaxol은 80%이었다. MTT법을 사용하여 HT29, B16, P388, CT26 세포주에서 taxol-DTPA와 2'-hemisuccinyltaxol의 세포독성능실험에서는 taxol 보다는 못미치나 그 세포독성이 유지됨을 확인하였다. 합성된 taxol 유도체들을 리간드 교환법과 직접법을 사용하여 In-111을 표지하였다. Taxol-DTPA 접합체의 In-111 표지반응의 경우, 리간드교환법은 반응도중 침전이 생겨 반응이 어려워 직접법으로 In-111 표지화합물을 얻을 수 있었으며 그 표지수율은 100%이었다. 2'-hemisuccinyltaxol은 두 방법을 모두 시도하였으나 반응이 진행되지 않음을 확인하였다. In-111의 taxol-DTPA 접합체 및 2'-hemisuccinyltaxol에 대한 표지반응 수율은 HPLC, paper, instant thin-layer chromatography를 실시하여 결정하였다. Li-pophilicity의 실험에서는 친수성임이 확인되었으며, 세포결합능의 실험에서는 HT29, B16, P388, CT26 세포주와의 결합이 매우 낮음을 나타내었다. 혈청단백 질과의 결합능을 보기위하여 30% trichloroacetic acid 법을 수행하였으며, 약 30%정도만이 혈청단백질과 결합하여 그 값이 크지 않았다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2015

It is reported that the intensity of rainfall will likely increase, on average, over the world on 2000. For water resources security, many studies for flow paths from rainfall or snowmelt to subsurface have been conducted. In Korea, few isotopic studies for characterizations of flow path have been undertaken. For a better understanding of how water derived from atmosphere moves to subsurface and from subsurface to stream, an analysis of precipitation and stream water using oxygen-18 and deuterium isotopes in a small watershed, Dorim-cheon, Seoul, was conducted with high resolution data. Variations of oxygen-18 in precipitation greater than 10‰ (δ¹⁸O_max = −1.21‰, δ¹⁸O_min = −11.23) were observed. Isotopic compositions of old water (groundwater) assumed as the stream water collected in advance were −8.98‰ and −61.85‰ for oxygen and hydrogen, respectively. Using a two-component mixing model, hydrograph separation of the stream water in Dorim-cheon was conducted based on weighted mean value of δ¹⁸O. As a result, except of instant dominance of rainfall, contribution of old water was dominant during the study period. On average, 71.3% of the old water and 28.7% of rainfall contributed to the stream water. The results show that even in the small watershed, which is covered with thin soil layer in granite mountain region, the stream water is considerably influenced by old water inflow rather than rainfall.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2000

Hypertension is a well-known degenerative disease whose prevalence rate increases with age. Management of high blood pressure is a critical concern in preventive strategies to reduce the morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the dietary characteristics of hypertensive program participants, and to establish strategies based on their nutritional needs. Hypertensive patients were enrolled in the program in a public health center or in a local elderly center, at Suwon, in 1999-2000. Trained dietitians interviewed 62 enrollees(24-hour recall) and related variables. Mean body mass index of the subjects was 25.0kg/m². 30.7% of the subjects had a family history of hypertension. The majority of them ate regularly and partook of all available side dishes. They consumed grains and vegetables regularly, but seldom ate dairy products or food prepared with oil. Male enrollees frequently consumed more processed food and animal fat than did female enrollees(p<0.05). An analysis of the percentage of RDA(Recommended Dietary Allowances of Korea 1995) showed that but for ascorbic acid, enrollees consumed nutrients below the RDA. The food group intake pattern was not diverse, thus only 8.1% of enrollees consumed all food groups in a day. An analysis of eating attitude showed that 64.5% of enrollees always added salt to beef soup. Male enrollees showed low food-related self-efficacy compared to female enrollees, especially with reference to reduction of instant food intake(p<0.01), increase in vegetable intake(p<0.01), reduction of monosodium glutamate(MSG) intake(p<0.01). and not overeating(p<0.05). Their perceived barriers for participating in hypertension nutrition programs included lack of time, program necessity non-recognition, and program comprehension difficulty. These results suggest that nutrition education program necessity non-recognition, and program comprehension difficulty. These results suggest that nutrition education programs for community hypertensive patients should focus on increasing participant consumption of foods, expecially dairy products, and desirable eating attitudes. It also suggests that the program should consider should consider encouraging self-efficacy in changing eating behavior.