• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2000년도 제26회 펄프종이기술 국제세미나
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• pp.16-23
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• 2000

The increasing functional needs of top-quality printing papers and packaging paperboards, and especially the rapid developments in electronic printing processes and various computer printers during past few years, set new targets and requirements for modern paper quality. Most of these paper grades of today have relatively high filler content, are moderately or heavily calendered , and have many coating layers for the best appearance and performance. In practice, this means that many of the traditional quality assurance methods, mostly designed to measure papers made of pure. native pulp only, can not reliably (or at all) be used to analyze or rank the quality of modern papers. Hence, introduction of new measurement techniques is necessary to assure and further develop the paper quality today and in the future. Paper formation , i.e. small scale (millimeter scale) variation of basis weight, is the most important quality parameter of paper-making due to its influence on practically all the other quality properties of paper. The ideal paper would be completely uniform so that the basis weight of each small point (area) measured would be the same. In practice, of course, this is not possible because there always exists relatively large local variations in paper. However, these small scale basis weight variations are the major reason for many other quality problems, including calender blacking uneven coating result, uneven printing result, etc. The traditionally used visual inspection or optical measurement of the paper does not give us a reliable understanding of the material variations in the paper because in modern paper making process the optical behavior of paper is strongly affected by using e.g. fillers, dye or coating colors. Futhermore, the opacity (optical density) of the paper is changed at different process stages like wet pressing and calendering. The greatest advantage of using beta transmission method to measure paper formation is that it can be very reliably calibrated to measure true basis weight variation of all kinds of paper and board, independently on sample basis weight or paper grade. This gives us the possibility to measure, compare and judge papers made of different raw materials, different color, or even to measure heavily calendered, coated or printed papers. Scientific research of paper physics has shown that the orientation of the top layer (paper surface) fibers of the sheet paly the key role in paper curling and cockling , causing the typical practical problems (paper jam) with modern fax and copy machines, electronic printing , etc. On the other hand, the fiber orientation at the surface and middle layer of the sheet controls the bending stiffness of paperboard . Therefore, a reliable measurement of paper surface fiber orientation gives us a magnificent tool to investigate and predict paper curling and coclking tendency, and provides the necessary information to finetune, the manufacturing process for optimum quality. many papers, especially heavily calendered and coated grades, do resist liquid and gas penetration very much, bing beyond the measurement range of the traditional instruments or resulting invonveniently long measuring time per sample . The increased surface hardness and use of filler minerals and mechanical pulp make a reliable, nonleaking sample contact to the measurement head a challenge of its own. Paper surface coating causes, as expected, a layer which has completely different permeability characteristics compared to the other layer of the sheet. The latest developments in sensor technologies have made it possible to reliably measure gas flow in well controlled conditions, allowing us to investigate the gas penetration of open structures, such as cigarette paper, tissue or sack paper, and in the low permeability range analyze even fully greaseproof papers, silicon papers, heavily coated papers and boards or even detect defects in barrier coatings ! Even nitrogen or helium may be used as the gas, giving us completely new possibilities to rank the products or to find correlation to critical process or converting parameters. All the modern paper machines include many on-line measuring instruments which are used to give the necessary information for automatic process control systems. hence, the reliability of this information obtained from different sensors is vital for good optimizing and process stability. If any of these on-line sensors do not operate perfectly ass planned (having even small measurement error or malfunction ), the process control will set the machine to operate away from the optimum , resulting loss of profit or eventual problems in quality or runnability. To assure optimum operation of the paper machines, a novel quality assurance policy for the on-line measurements has been developed, including control procedures utilizing traceable, accredited standards for the best reliability and performance.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2015

$^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ 신장 신티그라피는 피질에 주로 섭취되어 신실질을 영상화하고 좌우 신장 및 배후방사능에 관심영역을 설정함으로써 상대 신섭취율을 평가할 수 있는 검사로, 진단 및 치료 후 경과관찰에 이용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 후면상과 양면상 촬영 시 그리고 신장의 깊이를 적용한 경우의 상대 신섭취율 변화를 비교하여 상관관계를 알아보고자 한다. 실험은 신장 팬텀 및 조직등가물질을 이용하여 신장의 깊이에 차이를 주며 깊이 당 각 5번씩 총 25번을 진행하였다. 임상연구는 2014년 2월부터 10월까지 본원에 내원하여 $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ 검사를 시행한 36명의 성인 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 장비는 감마카메라 INFINIA를 사용하였으며 GE사의 Xeleris Ver. 2.1220을 이용하여 신장 및 배후 방사능 모두 자동으로 관심영역을 설정하였다. 또한 환자별 신장 깊이의 차이를 고려하여 측면상을 촬영한 후 실제 신장 깊이를 측정하였다. 후면상에서의 산술평균값과 양면상에서의 기하학적 평균값 그리고 후면상에 신장 깊이를 적용해준 상대 신섭취율을 비교해보고 유의한 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 팬텀 실험 결과 좌, 우 신장 깊이의 차이가 1 cm 미만인 경우에는 양면상을 촬영했을 때와 후면상에 실제 깊이를 적용해준 경우 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나(P>0.05), 1 cm를 초과한 경우에는 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 임상 연구에서는 후면상만을 촬영해준 경우와 후면상에 신장 깊이를 적용해준 경우의 상관관계(r=0.988)에 비해 양면상을 촬영해준 경우와 후면상에 신장의 깊이를 적용하여 보정해준 경우가 더 높은 상관관계(r=0.999)를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서는 양면상과 후면상을 촬영했을 때의 상대 신섭취율 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 후면상만 촬영한 경우에도 깊이를 보정해줬을 때와 비교하여 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었으나 오차를 줄이기 위해서는 양면상을 촬영해주는 방법을 권고한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권5_3호
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• pp.1361-1371
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• 2021

스마트 시티 서비스 중 방범·방재 분야가 2018년 기준 가장 높은 24%를 차지하고 있으며, 실시간 상황정보제공에 가장 중요한 플랫폼은 CCTV(Closed-Circuit Television) 이다. 이러한 CCTV의 활용을 극대화 하기 위해서는 CCTV가 제공하는 실질적인 감시 영역을 파악하는 것이 필수적이다. 하지만 국내에 설치된 CCTV양은 지자체 관리대상 포함 100만대를 넘고 있다. 이러한 방대한 양의 CCTV의 가시영역을 수동적으로 파악해야 하는 것은 문제점으로 제기되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 CCTV의 실질적 가시권 영역 데이터를 효율적으로 구축하고, 관리자가 상황 파악에 소요되는 시간을 단축하는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 첫째, 접근이 어려운 기 설치된 CCTV 카메라의 외부표정요소와 초점 거리를 MMS(Mobile Mapping System)의 점군 데이터를 활용하여 계산하고, 이 결과를 활용하여 FOV(Field of View)를 계산하였다. 둘째, 첫 단계에서 계산된 FOV 결과를 이용하여 건물에 의하여 발생하는 폐색 영역을 고려하여 CCTV의 실질적 감시 영역을 그리드 단위 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 5 m, 10 m 폴리곤 데이터로 구축하였다. 이 방법을 경상북도 울진군에 위치한 5개소의 CCTV 영상에 적용한 결과, 평균 재투영 오차는 약 9.31 pixel, 공공데이터포털(Data Portal)에서 제공하는 위·경도 좌표와의 거리는 평균 약 10 m의 거리 차이가 발생하였고, MMS를 통해 취득한 점군 데이터 상의 CCTV 위치 좌표 값과는 평균 약 1.688 m의 위치 차이를 나타냈다. 단위 그리드의 한 변의 크기가 3 m인 경우, 본 연구를 통하여 계산된 감시 영역 폴리곤은 육안으로 확인한 실제 감시 영역과 최소 70.21%에서 최대 93.82%까지 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.477-490
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• 2022

2022년 1월 27일부터 중대재해처벌법이 시행되었다. 본 연구는 핵의학과 실무자를 대상으로 현 시점에서 중대재해처벌법의 전반적인 현황에 대한 지식과 인식 정도를 파악하고, 이를 기초연구로 활용하고자 한다. 의료기관 중 핵의학과에 근무하는 실무자 총 51명을 대상으로 설문하였다. 대상의 일반적인 특성으로 성별, 근무병원의 규모, 근무경력, 세부직종으로 분류하였으며, 성별에서 결측 1명, 직종에서 결측 2명의 결과를 반영 적용하였다. 근무병원은 핵의학과가 있는 상급종합병원, 대학병원, 준종합병원으로, 근무경력은 3년 미만, 3년 이상 ~ 5년 미만, 5년 이상 ~ 10년 미만, 10년 이상으로 분류하였다. 또한, 세부직종은 체내검사(영상실) 방사선과와 방사선안전관리자, 기타로 분류하여 적용하였다. 이로 인한 업무상의 부담감은 준종합병원에서 근무하며, 경력이 3년 이상 ~ 5년 미만이고, 직종에 따라 방사선안전관리자가 높았다. 소속기관의 관련 체계 구축 정도는 준종합병원, 경력이 3년 미만이며, 직종에 따라 방사선안전관리자가 긍정적으로 설문하였다. 중대산업재해와 관련된 경우는 혈액전파성 질병, 급성 방사선증(홍반, 탈모 등), 무형성 빈혈순으로 답하였다. 또한 중대시민재해와 관련된 경우는 방사성의약품 투약오류, 환자낙상, 불필요한 방사선피폭, 의료기기사고, 방사성동위원소분실, 차폐체 등 고중량 물체에 의한 사고 순으로 답하였다. 실질적인 법적용을 위한 관련법의 개선, 시설점검 및 관련예산의 확보, 안전관련 전문인력이 확충 된다면 법적용에 따라 실효성을 높이고 안정적인 방사선 이용과 환자의 안전을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.351-429
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• 1998

The Purpose of Study 1. Inspection of clinical application on TCD to CVA 2. Objective Comparement and analysis about treatment effect of Western-Medicine, Korean Medicine, Cooperative consultation of Korean and Western medicice for CVA The Subject of Study We intended for the eighty six patient of CVA who had been treated in the Oriental Medical Hospital at Dong Eui Medical Center from 1997. 8. I to 1998. 7. 31 1. View of CT, MRI : the patient of Cb infarction 2. Attack Time : The patient who coming hospital falling ill within the early one week The method of study 1. Treat four group of Korean medicine, Constitution medicine, Western medicine, cooperative consultation of Korean medicine and Western medicine. 2. Application of TCD Check the result for three times, immediatly after the attack, two months later, four months later 3. Comparative analysis of each treatment effect by clinical symptoms and pathologic examination 4. The Judgement of the patient The Result From 8/1/1997 to 7/31/1998, We have the following result by clinical analysis intended for CVA 86 patients who had been treated in the Oriental Medical Hospital at Dong Eui Medical Center from 1997. 8. 1 to 1998. 7. 31 in 1. Analysis according to Age The first stage of thirties, forties, seventies is heavier than forties, fifties in improvement and Index of improvement of symptom 2. Analysis according to sex We have no special relation in an average of symptom and improvement, Index improvement 3. Analysis according to Family History We have the better result in first stage and improvement, index improvement when no family history. 4. Analysis according to Past History We have no special relation in past history like hypertension, DM, heart problem 5. Analysis devided two group, above group and under group on the basis of the average in first stage of all patient. We have the better result when the first stage is light, that the first score of barthel index and CNS is high. 6. Analysis of the effect of treatment about Korean medical treatment, Western medical treatment, cooperative treatment. In this study, the highest group of rate of treatment at four contrast groups (Korean medicine, Constitution medicine, Western medicine, cooperative treatment according to dyagnosis and range of treatment was the patient group of doing dyagnosis and method of treatment based on constitution medicine theory. This is that of doing demostation, A-Tx, po-herb-medication according to dyagnosis and treat method of constitution of Lee Je-ma In case of left, the case of dyagnosis any disease according to doctor view but, normal in TCDwas 22-beginning of attack, 20- two weeks later, 11 case-four weeks later in case of right, 15-beginning of attack, 12-two weeks later, 9 case four weeks later. So left vessel compares to right vessel is more interference, in fact more than a 1/2 of the patients of MCA disease can't do dyagnosis. In rate of imparement, the state of pacient improved but there isn't the improved case of result in TCD. 7. In TCD dyagnosis, between the case of inconsus the doctor view specially MCA in brain blood vessel is in large numbers and in total 86's patient, impossible case of dyagnosis according to interferiance of temporal is 21 case. 7. Result study about application of Kreaan medical treatment 1) The impossible patient of observation MCA blood vescular for interference temporal bone happened in large numbers. 2) There is the case having difference result to CT,MRI, MRA result. 3) Because individual difference is large, excluding to ananalogy of symptom. This is normal numerical value that has possibility of being checked as abnormal numerical value 4) there are a lot of cases that the speed of normal part is as similarly measured as that of abnormal part. It means that we cannot judge the disease by this measure 5) It is rare that this measure represent degree of improvement in patient's condition of disease. When we observe patient's condition become better, but we have no case that the result of TCD test better. 6) The result could be appear differently by the technique of the tester or by the experience of the tester 7) In the TCD test, abnormal symptoms is checked at 0 week, but at 2th week, normal symptoms is checked, again at 4th week abnormal is checked. According to the above result, CVA diagnosis is difficult only with TCD, as it appear in diagnosis error check which is suggested in the problem connected to project, for the aged persons who have the worst hardening of part of the cranium (1998. 5. 26 77 of 83 patients is 50s) there is a lot of cases that the measurement is impossible by TCD and the correction of measurement numerical value is decreased, as the age of cerebral infarction is high, TCD is inappropriate to diagnosis equipment through this study.