• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 1994

Teratogenic effects of diazinon were assessed morphologically and cholinergic blocking agents. Diazinon at doses ranging from 25 to 2000 ug /egg, was Injected on day 3 of incubation. TD50s were different for the various teratogenic signs (wry neck, micromelia, abnormal feathering, abnormal beak and curled claws). The threshould dose for wry neck was higher than threshould dose for other signs； 40 ug/egg produced substantial micromelia, abnormal feathering. abnormal beak and curled claws, but gave no signs of wry neck. In contrast to the teratogenic doses, the LD50 of diazinon was very high (above 2000 ug /egg). One of the characteristics of diazinon-induced teratogenesis was reduced body weight (78.7％) and body length (73.8%). Maximal teratogenic effects, scored as signs of retarded growth, wry neck micromelia, abnormal feathering, abnormal beak, and curled claws, were produced when the insectcide was administered on the third or fourth day. The threshold dose for type II teratogenic signs(such as wry neck and short neck) was higher than for type I (such as micromelia and abnormal feathering). Morphological studies, using atropine and gallamine, suggested that nicotine but not muscarinic receptors may be involved in the mechanism of diazinon induced type II malformations.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.633-637
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• 2003

We have studied the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) spectrum of quinomethionate (6-methyl-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-b]quinoxalin-2-one), which is an insecticide or fungicide used on vegetables and wheat. We observed no signals in the ordinary Raman spectra of solid-state quinomethionate, but when it was adsorbed on a colloidal silver surface, strong vibrational signals were obtained at a very low concentration. The SERS spectra were obtained by silver colloids prepared by the Creighton et al. method. The influence of pH and the aggregation inductors ($Cl^-,\;Br^-,\;I^-,\;F^-$) on the adsorption mechanism was investigated. Two different adsorption mechanisms were deduced, depending on the experimental conditions: The one N atom or two N atoms are chemisorbed on an Ag surface. An important contribution of the chemical mechanism was inferred when the one N atom was perpendicularly adsorbed on a surface. It is possible that quinomethionate can be detected to about $10^{-5}$ M.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1994

Teratogenic effects of diazinon were assessed on morphology of chick embryos cholinergic blocking agents. Diazinon at doses ranging from 25 to $2000{\mu}g/egg$, was injected on Day 3 of incubation. $TD_{50S}$, were different for the various teratogenic sings such as wry neck, micromelia, abnormal feathering, abnormal beak and curled claws. The threshold dose for wry neck was higher than the threshold dose for other signs; $40{\mu}g/egg$ produced substantial micromelia, abnormal feathering, abnormal beak and curled claws, but gave no sings of wry neck. In contrast to the teratogenic doses, the $LD_{50}$ of diazinon was very high(above $2000{\mu}g/egg$). One of the characteristics of diazinon-induced teratogenesis was reduction of body weight(78.8%) and body length(73.8%). Maximal teratogenic effects, scored as sings of retarded growth, wry neck, micromelia, abnormal feathering, abnormal beak, and curled claws, were produced when the insectcide was administered on the third or fourth day. The threshold dose for type II teratogenic sings including wry neck and short neck was higher than for type I including micromelia and abnormal feathering. Morphorlogical studies, using atropine and gallamine, suggested that nicotinc but not muscarinic receptors may be involved in the mechanism of diazinon-induced type II malformations.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.209-218
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• 1993

토양(土壤)중에 있어서 살충제(殺蟲劑) ethoprophos의 행동특성(行動特性)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 실내조건(室內條件)중의 토양(土壤)중 ethoprophos분해(分解)는 일차반응식(一次反應式)에 따랐으며, 반감기(半減期)는 10, 18, $25^{\circ}C$ 에서 각각 12.4, 5.5, 2.5일이었고, Arrhenius activation energy는 73.8 KJ/mol이었다. 수분함량(水分含量)이 7, 14, 19%인 토양(土壤)에서 ethoprophos의 반감기(半減期)는 각각 46.4, 17.6, 6.9일이었으며 Empirical방정식에서 수분의존도(水分依存度)(B)값은 1.67이었다. Ethoprophos의 토양(土壤)중 흡착등온선(吸着等溫線)은 Freundlich식(式)에 따랐으며 흡착분배계수(吸着分配係數)(Kd)값은 0.27이었다. Mini-lysimeter를 이용한 실외조건(室外條件)하의 이동실험(移動實驗)에서 ethoprophos는 대부분이 $0{\sim}2cm$층위(層位)에 분포(分布)되었으며 6cm층위(層位)까지 이동(移動)되었다. 실외포장(室外圃場)에서 ethoprophos의 분해(分解)는 기상변화(氣象變化)와 밀접한 관계를 보였으며, 3월과 10월의 처리에서 반감기(半減期)는 각각 17일과 5일 정도이었고, 처리 후 약 37일에는 90%까지 분해(分解) 소실(消失)되었다. 토양(土壤)중 농약(農藥)의 행동(行動) 예측(豫測) computer model에 의한 ethoprophos의 이동성(移動性)과 잔유성(殘留性)의 예측치(豫測値)는 분석치(分析値)와 유사(類似)하였다.