• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 2003

Development and life history of the Korean native firefly, Pyrocoelia rufa, were investigated throughout the indoor rearing. Average size of egg with an oval shape was 1.7 m and the hatchability of egg of P. rufa was approximately 88.5%. The larvae were pupated at the ${5^th}$ instar and the body length of the matured larvae was 27.1 mm. The total periods of larval stage to the end of the 5$^{th}$ instar were approximately 104.7 days. Average pupal period was 10.3 days and average number of eggs oviposited by a female was 87.3 eggs. The body size of female in the pupa and adult was larger than that of male. The wings of female adult were deteriorated.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 1971

It is very important to make mounting numerous silkworms by their normal growth when considering the sericultural management. There were several studies on the utilization of repellent to the matured silkworms to mounting, studies concerning forcing maturity of silkworms were developed considerably after studies on the insect ecdysis hormone. Commercial named MSH(II) (Inoksterone) similar substance of ecdysterone and DAT repellent (Dodesil alcohl) were used for this study, and the results can be summarized as follows; 1. MSH (II) mixed with the mulberry leaves shown the matured effect on the growth of silkworms and increased amount of MSH (II) shortened the last stage in their growth. 2. MSH (II) mixed with the mulberry leaves when 5% of early matured silkworms appeared were most effective. 3. DAT was hastened their mounting. 4. Utilization of MSH (II) and DAT together were hastened silkworms mounting and those chemicals can be used practically in the silkworm rearing.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2005

Biotechnological researches in Central Asian Research Institute of Sericulture were developed since 1981 when laboratory of artificial diets for mulberry silk­worm was created. The researches were directed not only to creation of accessible artificial diets (AD) for off-season mass rearing of economical beneficial insect and for industrialization of sericulture but also to obtaining of easy reproducible source of animal proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, enzymes, enzymes inhibitors and other metabolites - bioresource for manufacture of oriental medicine preparations. Space experiments with silkworms became possible with use of AD. These experiments used mulberry silkworm as high effective board test organism with outstanding developmental, reproductive and transgenic properties having impor­tant significance in future of cosmonautics. Introduction to practice of bioprotective and ecologically pure method of drying and sterilizing of green cocoons and by-products of silk manufacture allows to increase efficiency of cocoons reeling technology as well as to preserve nativity of biological active substances in mulberry silkworm pupae that is unachievable by traditional methods of raw material processing. New spheres of application of two important silk proteins - fibroin and sericin in medicine, cosmetics, for bio- and nanotechnology are opening with use of biotechnological approaches. At present the achievements and experience of R & D in these fields are used in creation of modern pests biocontrol agents. Schemes of efficient processing of cocoon raw material, by-products and wastes of sericulture and cocoon processing are devel- Institute of Physiology and Biophysics, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, I, Niyazov street, 700095, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. oped for obtaining of traditional and new consumer products.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.35-39
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• 2015

The developmental responses of insects to temperature are important considerations in gaining a better understanding of their ecology and life histories. Temperature-dependent phenology models permit examination of the effects of temperature on the geographical distributions, population dynamics, and management of insects. Measurements of insect developmental and survival responses to temperature pose practical challenges that depend on the chosen modality, variability among individuals, and high mortality rates near the lower and upper threshold temperatures. Different temperature levels can significantly affect larval development of Eurema hecabe. The development of E. hecabe reared on leaves of Lespedeza cuneata was investigated at three temperature regimes (20, 25, and 30℃), a relative humidity of 60%, and a light:dark photoperiod of 14:10 h. The developmental time from larva to adult was 34.3, 20.6, and 17.9 d at temperatures of 20, 25, and 30℃, respectively. Pupal rate was 47.6%, 47.6%, and 61.9% at temperatures of 20, 25, and 30℃, respectively. The developmental threshold temperature estimated from larva to pupae was 8.1℃ with 381.7 degree-days. There is an increasing need for a standardized manual for rearing this butterfly species based on adequate knowledge of its ecology.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.106-110
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• 2017

The developmental responses of insects to temperature are important considerations in gaining a better understanding of their ecology and life histories. Temperature dependent models permit examination of the effect of temperature on the geographical distributions, population dynamics, and management of insects. The measurements of insect developmental and survival responses to temperature pose practical challenges that depend. The developmental characteristics of A. diaperinus were investigated at four temperature regimes (20, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$), a relative humidity of 60%, and a light:dark photoperiod of 16:8h. The developmental time from larva to adult was 129.0, 49.8, 40.5 and 31.9 days at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. Pupal rate was 80.0%, 100%, 83.3% and 91.7% at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35 respectively. There is an increasing need for a standardized manual for rearing this. Pupa had significantly lower weights at $35^{\circ}C$ than at the other temperatures. Female pupae (20mg) were significantly heavier than male (17mg).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.475-480
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• 2021

Interest in edible insects such as Protaetia brevitarsis has increased rapidly, and several insect producers use these insects in industrialized mass production. However, mass rearing of insects can cause insect diseases. Sprouted barley is a valuable source of nutrients and has antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sprouted barley as a feed additive for producing healthy P. brevitarsis larvae. P. brevitarsis larvae were fed feeds with or without sprouted barley, and their body weight and larval period wewe checked weekly. To confirm the antibacterial effects of sprouted barley, in vitro bioassays were performed by counting Serratia marcescens colonies, and in vivo bioassays were performed by determining the survival rate and body weights of the S. marcescens-infected larvae. Larvae fed different feeds were analyzed for their nutrient compositions (i.e., such as proximate composition, minerals, amino acids, and heavy metals). Larvae fed 5% and 10% sprouted barley had maximum weight increases of 19.2% and 23.1%, respectively. Both treatment groups had significantly shorter larval periods than those of the control group. Sprouted barley markedly inhibited the growth of entomopathogenic S. marcescens. Furthermore, larvae fed sprouted barley exhibited higher Cu, Zn, and K levels. Seventeen amino acids were present in larvae fed sprouted barley, of which, tyrosine and glutamic acid were predominant. No heavy metals were detected in any of the investigated groups. Therefore, sprouted barley may be a suitable feed additive for producing high-quality P. brevitarsis larvae.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

This study was conducted for investigation of habitat and development of indoor-rearing conditions of peacock butterfly, Inachis io (Linnaeus). Three different region, Mt. Kwangduk-san, Mt. Hae-san and Mt. Taebaek-san in Kangwon-do, was selected for investigation of domestic distribution and ecological environment of peacock butterfly. In result, there are many butterflies in the only two region, Mt. Kwangduk-san and Mt. Hae-san. On 16th April, 4 overwintered butterflies were observed in Mt. Hae-san. At the end of June and early in July, 51 individual next generation's butterflies were observed in Mt. Kwangduk-san and Mt. Hae-san. For development of indoor-rearing conditions, collected each 15 male and female peacock butterflies was reared in a room condition. Female butterflies laid eggs in the egg cluster on the underside of host-plant's leaves, Urtica angustifolia Fisch., in the ovipositioning room. We took 11 egg cluster with average $404.6{\pm}23.6$ eggs. Hatchablity of eggs was 92.3%, and the eggs hatched within $5.1{\pm}0.9$ days from the day of oviposition under high temperature, long day condition($25^{\circ}C$, 14L:10D). The larval period was $18.3{\pm}1.0$ days under high temperature, long day condition($25^{\circ}C$, 14L:10D), showing 81.0% pupal ratio. The head width of each developmental larval stage were $0.37{\pm}0.01mm$(1st instar), $0.66{\pm}0.02mm$(2nd instar), $1.07{\pm}0.05mm$(3rd instar), $1.81{\pm}0.07$(4th instar), $2.76{\pm}0.08$(5th instar). The pupal period was $8.4{\pm}0.6$ days, and the emergence rate was 87.5%.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2011

This study was conducted to develop an artificial diet for the mugwort looper, Ascotis selenaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), which is an insect pest to leaves of citrus (Citrus unshiu). Corn and soybean powder were selected as main nutrient sources for larvae of A. selenaria after several diets consisted of wheat germ, corn, kidney bean and/or soybean were tested for larval development and survival. A higher amount of the main nutrients in the diet increased the larval survivorship. Addition of yeast and cholesterol in diet increased the larval survivorship. Finally the composition of diet was decided as followings; corn 100 g, soybean 100 g agar 25 g, Brewers' yeast 30 g, cholesterol 0.5 g, Vanderzant vitamin mixture 2 g, Wesson's salt mixture 2 g, sorbic acid 2 g, ascorbic acid 2 g, and methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate 2.5 g, and distilled water 1 liter. Development periods of larvae and pupae, survival rate and fecundity of A. selenaria reared on the diet were not significantly different with those on the host plant, citrus leaves. Larvae of early instars were reared in a group, while larvae of later instars (5-6th) were reared individually. Adult mating was conducted in a plastic cage and an oilpaper covered with a gauze was provided as an oviposition site.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2003

To establish the successive rearing of red-striped golden stink bug, Poecilocoris lewisi Distant, developmental characteristics, host plant and oviposition preference were investigated. Raw peanuts were supplied to the insect as a substitute food at 25$\pm$$1^{\circ}C$, 60$\pm$5% R.H. and under 16Lㆍ8D photo regimen. Total developmental period was 48 days: 8.2$\pm$0.4, 5.4$\pm$0.2, 8. $\pm$0.5, 6.4$\pm$0.4, 7.4$\pm$0.3 and 12.6$\pm$0.8 days for egg, first though fifth instar, respectively. The instar survival rate was 57.1% and the sex ratio was estimated to be 53 : 47 (male : female). Adult longevity was on the average 30.8 in male and 35.4 days in female, respectively. Egg of P. lewisi was globular ($\phi$1.8-1.9mm) with milky white in color The number of eggs oviposited per clutch was mostly 14. Pre-oviposition period was 25.8 days and mean frequencies of oviposition were 4.4. Female preferred to oviposit on the host plant when available, but oviposited on the artificial leaf successively when the host is not around. On the other hand P. lewisi preferred to suck the nectar of stem or fruit of Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht, Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold et zuccarini, Cornus officinalis Siebold et zuccarini and Cornus controversa Hemsley among the 18 plant species tested.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.15-19
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• 1978

In order to identify hormone activities which related to the changing of cutaneous tissue and pupal bodies and also to identify the interaction of corpora allata hormone and prothoracic glandular band hormone which act upon the metamorphosis of the insect. The item of treatment is carried out in 5 different times at the interval of about 12 hours after 4 weeks from the first feeding of 4th instar stage, and as far as 5th instar stage in concerned 6 times of item treatments have been carried out, at about 12 hours interval after 72 hours from the molting, Item treatments were, made in the stage of spring, autumn rearing, However, during the period of post mounting stage and pre pupation by picking out of corpora allata in 5 times at the interval of hours the following change of pupal colour is observed; 1) By an early pick out of 4th instar stage, the three molters are found in greater number, However, by a later pick out the four molters are found instead of others. 2) An abnormal colour is found in the three and four molters when comparing with the control molters. 3) The most of control molters have shown the normal colour except a few samples. 4) As shown in the table 1 and 2, the death number of item treatment is greater in the autumn rearing season. 5) The picking out of corpora allata of 5th instar stage, the post mounting stage and pre pupation period is affecting the change of colour. 6) As a final conclusion, the corpora allata hormone is closely related to the changing of pupal colour.