• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.399-407
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• 1996

A fuzzy learning algorithm to get the optimal fuzzy rules is presented in this paper. The algorithm introduces a reference model to generate a desired output and a performance index funtion instead of the performance index table. The performance index funtion is a cost function based on the error and error-rate between the reference and plant output. The cost function is minimized by a gradient method and the control input is also updated. In this case, the control rules which generate the desired response can be obtained by changing the portion of the error-rate in the cost funtion. In SISO(Single-Input Single- Output)plant, only by the learning delay, it is possible to experss the plant model and to get the desired control rules. In the long run, this algorithm gives us the good control rules with a minimal amount of prior informaiton about the environment.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.325-349
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• 2004

This paper tried to evaluate an economic analysis about research and development far areas of renewable resource in Korea. To evaluate this validity, we tried to calculate the spillover effect of R＆D investment through input-output table. In the first stage of spillover effect, we simply calculate the rate of return on R＆D investment for renewable energy resources in Korea through the input-output model, which can calculate the value added as well as output based upon the price of 2000 year. According to the first stage calculation, the rate of return on R＆B investment in solar heat is higher than any other renewable energy. In the second stage we tried to calculate the second round of spill over effect, which derives from the additional amount of supply of renewable resources due to the R＆D investment. The overall evaluation of R＆D invesment including the first stage as well as second stage spillover effect shows that bio-energy and waste energy generate 14 times as well as 2.5 times in the rate of return respectively.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-31
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• 2011

By employing Environmental Input-Output Table 2005, which has 76 intermediate sector and 21 energy sources, this paper analyses the flow of energy demand and $CO_2$ after estimating an induced $CO_2$ emissions from 76 industrial sectors. Index of $CO_2$ intensity($CO_2/GDP$) and other index of $CO_2$ intensity($CO_2/calory$) showed that final demand sector uses more high calory energy source. Intermediate sector used less environmental friendly energy source and emit more $CO_2$ at same calory. Industries those has high induced $CO_2$ emissions are Thermal Power($32.587CO_2-g/Won$), Cement($10.370CO_2-g/Won$), Road Transportation($7.255CO_2-g/Won$), Cokes and Other Coal Products($5.791CO_2-g/Won$), Steam and Hot water supply, Sewage, Sanitary services($4.575CO_2-g/Won$). It is shown that industry such as Iron and Steel which has low $CO_2$ intensity, high backward linkage effect and high forward linkage effect makes high induced $CO_2$ emissions. Environmental load and $CO_2$ emissions in overall economy will decrease when not high $CO_2$ intensity industry but also low $CO_2$ intensity industry makes lower $CO_2$ intensity.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.772-793
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• 2010

In this paper, author estimated economic scale of radiation usage in Korea using Input-Output table 2005 and other micro data published. This estimation focused all kind of radiation usage in whole economic activity. Estimation of economic scale is quantitative analysis for how much radiation usage increase productivity and welfare. Economic scale estimation of radiation usage in Korea 2005 is 6,297 Billion Won and it occupies 0.74% of GDP. It is smaller level compared with that of US and Japan. It is 1.5% of GDP in US (1997) and 1.2% of GDP in Japan (2005). Radiation usage in industrial sector is 5,775 Billion Won and it is 0.68% of GDP. Radiation usage in agriculture sector is 171 Billion Won and it is 0.02% of GDP. Radiation usage in medical sector is 351 Billion Won and it is 0.04% of GDP. This implied that radiation usage in industrial sector is larger than other sector. Use of medical radiology may be enlarge in the future due to population structure. The result that radiation usage occupied 0.74% of GDP arouse contribution of radiation usage in daily life. It helps people to have more understanding and public acceptance for radiation.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

Construction cost index (CCI) has been published for last 10 years, it's contributed to update the historical cost data, analysis cost fluctuation and evaluate the market price for construction works with direct or indirect manner. CCI is a secondary or processed statistics using the basic statistics of input output table (IO table) and producer price index (PPI) from the Bank of Korea (BOK). So once the basic statistics change, it is required to modify the calculating model of CCI. Recently the BOK changed some fundamental principles and the base year (from 2005 to 2010), that can be used in IO table and PPI. This research analyzed the recent revision of basic statistics and their impacts on CCI, and improved the previous CCI model in response to it. Also the validity of new CCI was verified by analyzing the items and weights utilized in CCI and comparing the related index.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.459-466
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• 2006

Numerical values of thermodynamic properties such as temperature, pressure, dryness, volume, enthalpy and entropy are required in numerical analysis on evaluating the thermal performance. But the steam table itself cannot be used without modelling. From this point of view the neural network with function approximation characteristics can be an alternative. the multi-layer neural networks were made for saturated vapor region and superheated vapor region separately. For saturated vapor region the neural network consists of one input layer with 1 node, two hidden layers with 10 and 20 nodes each and one output layer with 7 nodes. For superheated vapor region it consists of one input layer with 2 nodes, two hidden layers with 15 and 25 nodes each and one output layer with 3 nodes. The proposed model gives very successful results with ${\pm}0.005%$ of percentage error for temperature, enthalpy and entropy and ${\pm}0.025%$ for pressure and specific volume. From these successful results, it is confirmed that the neural networks could be powerful method in function approximation of the steam table.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.221-234
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• 2013

In this paper, we report bankruptcy risk level forecasting result for automobile parts manufacturing industry. With the premise that upstream supply risk and downstream demand risk could impact on automobile parts industry bankruptcy level in advance, we draw upon industry input-output table to use the economic indicators which could reflect the extent of supply and demand risk of the automobile parts industry. To verify the validity of each economic indicator, we applied simple linear regression for each indicators by varying the time lag from one month (t-1) to 12 months (t-12). Finally, with the valid indicators obtained through the simple regressions, the composition of valid economic indicators are derived using stepwise linear regression. Using the monthly automobile parts industry bankruptcy frequency data accumulated during the 5 years, R-square values of the stepwise linear regression results are 68.7%, 91.5%, 85.3% for the 3, 6, 9 months time lag cases each respectively. The computational testing results verifies the effectiveness of our approach in forecasting bankruptcy risk forecasting of the automobile parts industry.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.581-586
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• 1997

The objective of this study is to investigate the behavior of a 1/5-scale 3-story nonductile reinforced concrete frame subjected to earthquake excitation. For this purpose, Taft N21E earthquake accelerogram was simulated by using 3m${\times}$5m shaking table. When the input acceleration is compared to that of output, it can be found that simulation of shaking table is excellent. From the results of test with Taft N21E earthquake accelerogram adjusted to peak ground acceleration(PGA) 0.06g and 0.12g(maximum acceleration in korea seismic code) the model responded in elastic behavior and it is found that the existing building in our country are safe against the levels of PGA 0.06g and 0.12g.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.487-494
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• 1986

This paper is concerned with the techniques of error check and reduction of state diagram using logic programming. Error check program aims to check not only syntax errors but also semantic errors. And reduction program optimizes the state diagram by finding the redundant equivalence states and removing those from the set of states. The input of both program is state diagram represented as state table form. The output of error check program is error comment. The output of reduction program is equivalence reduced state table. Both programs are implemented using prolog. Prolog has very powerful pattern matching, and its automatic back-tracking capabilities facilitate easy-to-write error check and reduction programs.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.45-55
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• 2010

In order to investigate the structures and growth patterns of pulp and paper industries of Korea, the input-output tables of the year 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2007 were analyzed in this papers. The production inducement coefficients of these industries have grown during the designated period. In 2007, the value of production induced by pulp industry was estimated to be 343,8 billion won. Paper and paper product industries were estimated to induce the production of other industries by 7,281,6 and 8,515.9 billion won, respectively. The import inducement effect of pulp industry was estimated to be larger than that of paper and paper product industries. Analysis on the forward linkage effects indicated that paper and paper product industries were more sensitive to the change in demand of other industries than pulp industry.