• 분석과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 1998

무기 priority pollutants의 분석에 미치는 매질의 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 도금, 피혁, 제지, 전기, 염색 sludge에 7종의 무기 priority pollutants(Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg)를 첨가하고 EPA 3050방법, 환경처의 폐기물공정시험방법 및 폐기물공정시험방법을 수정한 본 연구실 방법으로 비교 연구하였다. EPA 3050법에 따라 추출한 경우 Hg를 제외하고 평균회수율은 95.5%, 폐기물공정시험방법의 용출시험 방법에 따라 추출한 경우는 11.1%, 그리고 본 연구실에서 폐기물공정시험방법을 수정한 추출법의 경우는 27.7%의 평균 회수율이 나타났다. 매질에 따른 digestion에 대한 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 추출법에 의해 추출된 용액을 MDS(microwave digestion system)와 $HNO_3+HClO_4$ digestion 방법으로 회수율을 비교하였다. 유기 및 무기 매질에 대한 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 유기 매질인 경우는 triethanol amine, 무기 매질인 경우는 $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$와 $AlCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$를 첨가하여 분석용 시료를 조제하고 AAS 및 HG-AAS로 회수율을 구하였다. 유기 및 무기 매질을 첨가한 시료가 첨가 하지 않은 시료 보다 회수율이 낮게 나타남에 따라 매질에 의한 영향을 받는 것으로 조사되었다. Hg는 MDS로 digestion하는 것이 회수율이 높게 나타났으며, Hg를 제외한 다른 원소는 $HNO_3+HClO_4$로 digestion 하는 것이 회수율 증가를 나타냈다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2002

This study was conducted to evaluate the concentration distribution characteristics of air pollutants by the yellow sand from China. The concentrations and chemical properties of FPM contained in the yellow sand were compared with those of air pollutants when having no yellow sand in order to estimate the variation characteristics and the originated source of air pollutants moved by yellow sand. The concentrations of PM-2.5 and PM-10 contained in the yellow sand showed an increase of 2.3 to 2.7 times than usual, and the concentrations of NO2 and SO2 in the gaseous pollutants showed an increase of about 1.6 times by yellow sand, and thus the air contamination was much influenced by yellow sand phenomenon. The concentrations of inorganic elements contained in FPM from the yellow sand showed a higher concentration variation in the order of Al>Mg>Zn>Pb than usual. The concentration coefficient of air aerosol during the yellow sand period showed that Na, K, Ca, Mg and Fe were originated from natural source, and Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu and Zn were originated from artificial source for inorganic elements. The correlation analysis between FPM and inorganic elements showed in the descending order of Al>K>Pb>Mg, and thus the deposited amount of Pb was influenced by that of yellow sand. The average concentrations of PM-10 measured during the yellow sand period exceeded the Korea Air Environmental Standard and showed a excess rate of 3.4 times in the maximum but the average concentrations of PM-2.5 showed within the United States Air Environmental Standard.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.502-522
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• 2022

Clay minerals are natural materials that show widespread applications in various branches of science, including environmental sciences, in particular the remediation of water contaminated with various water pollutants. Modified clays and minerals have attracted the attention of researchers in the recent past since the modified materials are seemingly more useful and efficient for removing emerging water contaminants. Therefore, modified engineered materials having multi-functionalities have received greater interest from researchers. The advanced clay-based materials are highly effective in the remediation of water contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants, and these materials show enhanced selectivity towards the specific pollutants. The review inherently discusses various methods employed in the modification of clays and addresses the challenges in synthesizing the advanced engineered materials precursor to natural clay minerals. The changes in physical and chemical properties, as investigated by various characterization techniques before and after the modifications, are broadly explained. Further, the implications of these materials for the decontamination of waterbodies as contaminated with potential water pollutants are extensively discussed. Additionally, the insights involved in the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants are discussed in the review. Furthermore, the future perspectives and specific challenges in the scaling up of the treatment methods in technology development are included in this communication.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 1999

토양 중에 존재하는 무기 오염물질의 용출 특성을 조사하였다. 현재 토양환경보전법에서 오염물질로 규정하고 있는 중금속들을 중심으로 As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr 등 6성분에 대하여 그 오염도를 측정하는 과정에서 수반되는 용출 시험의 기초자료 확보와 오염토양 분석법 개선을 위해 모래, 점토 및 양토 시료에 대해 다양한 용출 조건 변화에 따른 각 오염성분들의 용출 특성을 조사하였다. 용출 특성에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요소는 용출시험시 사용되는 산 농도와 토양시료 자체의 흡착능력을 좌우하게 되는 구성 광물의 조성인 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 산의 종류나 용출 시간 및 토양을 구성하고 있는 입자의 크기는 용출 효율에 크게 영향을 주지 않았다. 실험 전반에 걸쳐 Cd 성분은 토양종류에 상관없이 매우 낮은 산 농도에서도 높은 용출 효율을 나타내었고 As 성분은 가장 낮은 용출 효율을 보였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2016

The main purpose of this study was to derive managerial priority for pollutants in drinking water using the Delphi technique and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. We collected fundamental existing items based on a literature review for water pollutants, and deduced a total of 36 sub-items from nine core sectors, as follows: organic matter; inorganic substances; pathogenic organisms; chemicals; heavy metals; radioactive substances; sediment deposits; heat; and oil, and then conducted the first round of an expert study to ensure that objective indicators properly evaluate major issues for management of for drinking water quality. In the following round, the necessity and importance assessments of adjusted items were implemented using a content validity ratio index. Finally, items modified by Delphi surveys were applied to AHP. We computed weighted values by pair-wise comparison of sub-items and each of five sectors modified by the second round. According to the results of AHP, the managerial priority for pollutants in drinking water was as follows; while heavy metal placed first in importance, pathogenic organisms came second, followed by inorganic substances, organic matter and chemical substances from the sector perspective.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2007

This study was conducted the adsorption experiment way of organic wastewater (BOD, COD, TOC, T-N, T-P) by changing the carbonization temperature and the size of adsorbent to examine the adsorption capacity of Korean traditional charcoal which has similar characteristics to activated carbon of organic pollutants. Also, it was performed the basic experiment for pH and inorganic materials. As a result of observing Korean traditional charcoal with has the greatest inorganic contents which are the important factor of chemical adsorption. As the carbonization temperature was better high temperature charcoal than law temperature charcoal to adsorption capacity of pollutant and as the particle was minute (D size : $3.35mm{\sim}2.0mm$), it was most effective. The result of adsorption experiment of organic wastewater show that the elimination ratio of pollutants by bamboo high temperature charcoal was found as BOD(82.1%), COD(91.7%), TOC(52.4%), T-N(66.6%), T-P(83.2%) and it has most excellent adsorption capacity of organic pollutants.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2005

Benthic amphipod, Grandidierella japonica widely inhabits the Korean coastal waters and is developed as a standard test species for sediment toxicity tests. We exposed G. japonica to various pollutants including 4 kinds of inorganic metals (Ag, Cd, Cu and Hg), tributyltin [TBT], ammonia and 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds (acenaphthene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) to estimate the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the median lethal concentration (LC50) of each pollutant during the 96-hour acute exposure. Among all tested pollutants, TBT was most toxic to G. japonica, and Rg was most toxic among inorganic metals. The toxicity of pyrene to G. japonica was greatest among PAH compounds, followed by fluoranthene, phenanathrene, acenaphthene, fluorene and naphthalene. The toxicity of PAH compounds was closely related to their physico-chemical characteristics such as $K_ow$ and water solubility. G. japonica responded adequately to pollutant concentrations and exposure durations, and the sensitivity of G. japonica to various inorganic and organic pollutants was generally comparable to other amphipods used as standard test species in ecotoxicological studies, indicating this species can be applied in the assessment of environments polluted by various harmful substances.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.224-229
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• 1995

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2015

This study was based on water quality data of the Lake Doam watershed, monitored from 2010 to 2013 at eight different sites with multiple physiochemical parameters. The dataset was divided into two sub-datasets, namely, non-rainy and rainy. Principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA) techniques were applied to evaluate seasonal correlations of water quality parameters and extract the most significant parameters influencing stream water quality. The first five principal components identified by PCA techniques explained greater than 80% of the total variance for both datasets. PCA and FA results indicated that total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved inorganic phosphorus were the most significant parameters under the non-rainy condition. This indicates that organic and inorganic pollutants loads in the streams can be related to discharges from point sources (domestic discharges) and non-point sources (agriculture, forest) of pollution. During the rainy period, turbidity, suspended solids, nitrate nitrogen, and dissolved inorganic phosphorus were identified as the most significant parameters. Physical parameters, suspended solids, and turbidity, are related to soil erosion and runoff from the basin. Organic and inorganic pollutants during the rainy period can be linked to decayed matters, manure, and inorganic fertilizers used in farming. Thus, the results of this study suggest that principal component analysis techniques are useful for analysis and interpretation of data and identification of pollution factors, which are valuable for understanding seasonal variations in water quality for effective management.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 국내 실정에 맞는 한국형 CWS 구축의 일환으로 국내 배 급수 시스템에서 오염 사고 발생가능성이 있는 무기 오염물질 네 종류(카드뮴, 크롬, 망간, 납)를 선정하고 batch 실험을 통해 각 오염물질의 수돗물에 주입 시 감지 가능한 "최소 반응 농도(minimum response concentration)"를 결정하고자 하였다. 무기 오염물질 네 종류에 대해 수질 인자들의 최소 반응 농도를 추적한 결과 카드뮴(수질기준 0.005 mg/L)에 대한 최소 반응 농도는 0.05~0.08 mg/L, 크롬(수질기준 0.05 mg/L)에 대한 최소 반응 농도는 0.03 mg/L, 망간(수질기준 0.05 mg/L)에 대한 최소 반응 농도는 0.005 mg/L, 그리고 납(수질기준 0.01 mg/L)에 대한 최소 반응 농도는 0.02~0.08 mg/L인 것으로 분석되었다.