• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.263-274
• /
• 2010

I classified the bone graft material according to the component. Most bone graft material is composed of inorganic and organic constituent. Organic component such DBM is associated with osteoinduction. Inorganic components such as hydroxyapatite, $\beta$-TCP, calcium sulfate, bioactive glass, polymer are associated with osteoconduction. Autogenous bone graft is ideal material. We can select any biocompatible material for the restoration of small filling defect with intact bony wall. However, we should select first osteogenetic and osteoinductive material to regenerate the viable bone tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.72-78
• /
• 2002

Among the disposal techniques of inorganic wastewater sludges from industries most of sludges were dealed with buring underground inefficiently. But we have tried to recycle the resources that exhausted inorganic sludges were properly blended to certain ratioes to make lightweight aggregate, that means manufacturing of it can be possible through blending of various components, drying, sintering, cooling and crushing to certain sizes that are needed by consumers. As disposal method of inorganic wastewater sludge is changed to environmentally fraternative method, this method could be very useful to make lightweight aggregates for decoration of building and the other so many purposes of those usages. That could be economically useful due to expected income for buring costs of ordinary disposal method form industries and sales income after manufacturing it. The second important profit is saving foreign currency from purchasing self-developed lightweight aggregate insteas of importing expensive foreign product. This product will be also very impressive to user because of the fraternative lightweight to be composed of apatite structure that is important part of human body.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.29 no.9
• /
• pp.689-694
• /
• 1992

Strontium Titanate single crystal is grown by Verneuil method. Feed materials were prepared by coprecipitation method which started with Sr(NO3)2 and TiCl4. SrTiO3 can not be grown from feed materials having the stoichiometric components due to volatilization of SrO, when the powder added more 3 wt% SrO used, the crystal can be grown. Growth conditions that the pressure of oxygen and hydrogen gas was 5 psi, the flow rate of oxygen and hydrogen was 7.3 and 30ι/min respectively, the growth rate was 20 mm/hr were optimum. The grown single crystal has the diameter of 10~15 mm and its length is 30~40 mm. The grown crystal was deep brown color and somewhat transparent. The color of grown crystal was lightened after annealing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.115-115
• /
• 2011

Nano hybrid superlattices consisting of organic and inorganic components have great potential for creation of new types of functional material by utilizing the wide variety of properties which differ from their constituents. They provide the opportunity for developing new materials with new useful properties. Herein, we fabricated new type of organic-inorganic nano hybrid superlattice thin films by a sequential, self-limiting surface chemistry process known as molecular layer depostion (MLD) combined with atomic layer deposition (ALD). An organic layer was formed at $150^{\circ}C$ using MLD with repeated sequintial adsorption of Hydroquinone and Titanium tetrachloride. A $TiO_2$ inorganic nanolayer was deposited at the same temperature using ALD with alternating surface-saturating reactions of Titanium tetrachloride and water. Using UV-Vis spectroscopy, we confirmed visible light absorption by LMCT. And FTIR spectroscopy and XPS were employed to determine the chemical composition. Ellipsometry and TEM analysis were also used to confirm linear growth of the film versus number of MLD cycles at all same temperature. In addition, p-n junction diodes domonstrated in this study suggest that the film can be suitable for n-type semiconductors.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.233-240
• /
• 2001

The transparent organic-inorganic hybrid films were prepared by the Sol-Gel process. PVP(polyvinylpyrrolidone) was used in organic component and TEOS(tetraethoxysilane) was used in inorganic component. HCI, $CH_{3}COOH$, and $NH_{4}OH$ were used as the Sol-Gel catalyst. The characteristics according to not only the variation of organic and inorganic contents but also the variation of catalyst species and contents were investigated. On the whole, the compatibility was remained between organic and inorganic components, and also as the TEOS contents were increased, mostly the transparency and the mechanical, thermal properties were improved. In addition, as content of catalysts was increased, the films showed characteristics that were closer to PVP than silica. Although the transparency of films was preserved in HCI and $CH_{3}COOH$, only the film containing more than 40wt% TEOS in $NH_{4}OH$ showed different phenomena.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
• /
• v.29 no.A
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2009

Stabilization treatment is one of processes for wastes and their components to reduce their toxicity and migration rates to surroundings. Inorganic binders such as calcium hydroxide, blast furnace slag and red mud were tested for their potential applicability to in-situ stabilization of heavy metal contaminated tailings in the abandoned metal mines. Columns(150mm dia. ${\times}$ 450mm length) filled with mixtures of inorganic binders and tailing from the Geumjang mine with various mixing ratios of binders to tailings, 5%, 7% and 9% were applied artificial rainfall tests for 28 days. Effluents from columns filled with calcium hydroxide and tailing showed high pH's of ~12.5 and a increasing trend of concentration in Pb and Zn with a significant decrease in permeability in terms of elapsed days. Those with burning slag and tailing showed pH's of ~8.5 and significantly low concentrations in heavy metals with a stable permeability. In case of red mud, effluents showed significantly low concentrations in heavy metals but a decreased permeability with pH's of ~10.5. Conclusively, this basic study suggests burning furnace slag be a potential stabilizer for effective treatment of heavy metal contaminated mine tailings.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2006.10a
• /
• pp.110-111
• /
• 2006

Most applications of polymers involve blends and mixtures of components including solvents, surfactants, copolymers, fillers, organic or inorganic functional additives, and various processing aids. These components provide unique properties of polymeric materials even beyond those tailored into the basic chemical structures. In addition, skillful processing extends the properties for even greater applications. The perennial challenge of polymer science is to understand and exploit the structure-processing-property interplay relationship. We are developing and demonstrating combinatorial methods and high throughput analysis as tools to provide this fundamental understanding.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2000

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) have known as potentially hazardous air pollutants(HAPs0 to human health because of its carcinogenic and mutagenic behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of 6 PAHs(Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benzo[a]anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, and Benzo[a]pyrene) as well as 10 inorganic elements(Cr, Na, K, Zn, Pb, Fe, Cu, Ti, Al and Cd) in the ambient PM-10. The total of 115 samples had been collected from February, 1996 to June, 1996 on quartz fiber by a PM-10 high volume air sampler near the Yong-Tong Apartment complexes. A statistical analysis was performed for the PAHs and inorganic elements data set using a principal component analysis in order to identify qualitatively the potential sources of PM-10. A total of 6 principal components were separated by intensive data pretrement and transformation processes, such as soil, refuse incineration, oil burning, coal burning, field burning, vehicle emission sources. The results showed that PAHs were associated with various burning activities like refuse and field burning, coal burning, and oil burning emissions in the study area. These derived sources were well matched with the previously known source profiles in terms of compositonal order and level of measured species. The combination data set consisted of both organic and inorganic species might provide more powerful source signature and might increase the number of potentially derived sources than PAHs or inorganic data alone.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.155-170
• /
• 2012

Fuel cells have been considered as alternative power generation system in the twenty-first century because of eco-friendly system, high power density and efficiency compare with petroleum engine system. Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are the key components in fuel cell system. Currently, Nafion has been used in fuel cell system. However, Nafion has disadvantages such as low conductivity at high temperature and high cost. The researchers have focused to reach the high properties such as high proton conductivity, low permeability to fuel, good chemical/thermal stability, good mechanical properties and low manufacturing cost. Various methods have been developed for preparation of proton exchange membrane with high performance and commercialization of fuel cell system. The hybrid organic/inorganic membrane has the potentials to provide a unique combination of organic and inorganic properties with improved proton conductivity and mechanical property at high temperatures. So, this paper presents an overview of research trend for the composite membranes prepared by organic/inorganic system using various inorganic materials.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.278-288
• /
• 2021

The development of bioenergy through biomass has gained importance due to the increasing rates of fossil fuel depletion. Biomass is important to increase the productivity of bioethanol, and production of biomass with high biomass productivity, low lignin content, and high cellulose content is also important in this regard. Inorganic salts are important in the cultivation of biomass crops for the production of biomass with desirable characteristics. In this study, the roles of various inorganic salts in biomass and bioethanol production were investigated using an in vitro tobacco culture system. The inorganic salts evaluated in this study showed dramatic effects on tobacco plant growth. For example, H₂PO₄ substantially improved plant growth and the root/shoot (R/S) ratio. The chemical compositions of tobacco plants grown in media after removal of various inorganic salts also showed significant differences; for example, lignin content was high after Mg²⁺ removal treatment and low after K⁺ treatment and H₂PO₄ removal treatment. On the other hand, NO₃^- and H₂PO₄ treatments yielded the highest cellulose content, while enzymatic hydrolysis yielded the highest glucose concentration ratio 24 h after NH₄⁺ removal treatment. The ethanol productivity after H₂PO₄ removal treatment was 3.95% (w/v) 24 h after fermentation and 3.75% (w/v) after 36 h. These results can be used as the basis for producing high-quality biomass for future bioethanol production.