• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.369-374
• /
• 2006

To characterize benzimidazole-resistant and -sensitive Monilinia fructicola populations, the fungal isolates were obtained from peach plants showing brown rot and bloosom blight. Benzimidazole-sensitive isolates did not grow on potato dextrose agar(PDA) amended with $\geq1.0{\mu}g$ active ingredient(a.i.)/ml of the fungicides. However, benzimidazole-resistant isolates grew on PDA regardless of the tested concentrations of fungicides. Benzimidazole-resistant isolates did not grow on diethofencarb-PDA, but sensitive isolates grew on the same PDA. In the nucleotide sequences of $\beta$-tubulin gene, only codon 198(GAG: glutamic acid), a target site for benzimidazole, was replaced with GCG(alanine) in all of the resistant isolates, and this substitution seems to play an important role in the development of resistance. Other interesting codons such as 165(GCT), 200(TTC), and 241(GCT) were not changed among the isolates. Benzimidazole-resistant and -sensitive isolates were clustered clearly in random amplified polymerphic DNA analyses and the results revealed that low levels of genetic diversity between benzimidazole-sensitive and -resistant isolates of M. fructicola in the investigated regions.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.172-180
• /
• 2011

The transfer of microorganisms is important process for ecosystems. Microorganisms in dryland can transport itself to wetland through atmospheric diffusion, but only few papers reported about the atmospheric bioaerosol present over dryland. We carried out the direct sampling using a tethered balloon over Dunhuang City, China's northwestern dryland. Bioaerosols were collected using a tethered balloon with a bioaerosol collector at 820 m above the ground (1,960 m above the sea level) around noon on August 17, 2007. The bioaerosols were cultured after the collection at Dunhuang Meteorological observatory. Two strains of molds were isolated using the Nutrient agar medium. About 400-bp 18S rRNA partial sequences were amplified by PCR and determined afterwards. The results of a homology search by 18S rRNA sequences of isolates in DNA databases (GenBank, DDBJ, and EMBL) and an observation of the form revealed that two bioaerosols in the convective mixed layer over Dunhuang City were Cladosporium sp. and Aspergillus sp.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2019

Despite recent innovation in treatment techniques and subsequently improved outcomes, the majority of glioblastoma (GBL) have relapses, especially in locoregional areas. Local re-irradiation (re-RT) has been established as a feasible option for recurrent GBL of all ages with safety, tolerability, and effectiveness both in survival and quality of life regardless of fractionation schedule. To keep adverse effects under acceptable range, cumulative dose limit in equivalent dose at 2 Gy fractions by the linear-quadratic model at α/β = 2 for normal brain tissue (EQD2) with narrow margin should be observed and single/hypofractionated re-RT should be undertaken very carefully to recurrent tumor with large volume or adjacent to the brainstem. Promising outcome of re-operation (re-Op) plus re-RT (re-Op/RT) need to be validated and result from re-RT with temozolomide/bevacizumab (TMZ/BV) or new strategy is expected. Development of new-concept prognostic scoring or risk group is required to select patients properly and make use of predictive biomarkers such as O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promotor methylation that influence outcomes of re-RT, re-Op/RT, or re-RT with TMZ/BV.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.170-173
• /
• 2021

Background: The Slender racer (Orientocoluber spinalis Peters, 1866) has recently been reclassified to the new genus Orientocoluber from Hierophis. Ecological knowledge of this species is limited due to its highly mobile behavior. On 17 July 2020, we captured a female O. spinalis on Oeyeon Island, Boryeong-si, Republic of Korea, and collected its feces for a diet analysis. We observed snake scales from the collected feces and subsequently determined the prey species through morphological and molecular methods. Results: We initially hypothesized that the extracted fecal sample scales belonged to H. vibakari, due to their thin keel and rhombus shape. We also amplified H. vibakari DNA from the extracted fecal sample using Illumina sequencing methods. Our morphological and molecular results suggest that O. spinalis predates H. vibakari on Oeyeon Island. Conclusion: This is the first report of O. spinalis predating another snake species, ophiophagy, and implies that H. vibakari may be a crucial prey item for O. spinalis on Oeyeon Island.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.679-687
• /
• 2019

본 연구에서는 인체 폐암 세포인 A549를 사용하여 Litsea populifolia 에탄올 추출물(EELP)의 항산화 및 항암활성과 그 분자적 기전에 관하여 연구하였다. 먼저 EELP의 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성을 측정한 결과, $IC_{50}$가 $11.71{\mu}g/ml$로 유의적인 항산화활성을 보였다. 또한 EELP가 인체폐암세포주인 A549와 정상 폐세포인 IMR90의 세포증식에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 정상세포의 생존율에는 거의 영향을 끼치지 않은 반면, EELP 농도의존적으로 A549 세포의 성장이 저해되었으며, 세포 주기 변화를 분석한 결과 EELP에 의해 A549 세포의 강력한 G1 arrest가 유도되는 것을 확인하였다. EELP에 의해 유도되는 G1 arrest는 세포주기 조절 인자인 Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, Cyclin-dependent kinase인 CDK2와 CDK6의 mRNA 발현 감소와 더불어 단백질 발현 감소와 연관되어 있었다. 또한 EELP 처리에 의한 CDK/Cyclin complex의 발현 저해는 DNA 손상에 의해 활성화되는 CHK2의 활성화 형태인 p-CHK2의 발현 증가에 따른 p53 인산화에 따른 활성화와 CDK 활성화 효소인 CDC25A 탈인산화효소의 인산화에 따른 저해에 의해 나타나는 결과로 사료된다. 이러한 결과들로부터 EELP는 두가지 경로인 p53-의존성과 p53-비의존성(ATM/CHK2/CDC25A/CDK2) 경로를 통해 A549의 G1 arrest를 유도하여 세포 증식을 억제하는 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구결과는 EELP가 폐암에 대한 새로운 항암활성 소재로서 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 시사하며, 또한 EELP의 세포주기 조절에 의한 항암기전을 이해하고 향후 지속적 연구를 하는 데 있어서 귀중한 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.225-229
• /
• 2012

Background: Males have a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than females in general, but the reasons for the sex disparity are still obscure. DNA copy number alteration (CNA) is a major feature of solid tumors including HCC, but whether CNA plays a role in sex-related differences in HCC development has never been evaluated. Methods: High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to examine 17 female and 46 male HCC patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Shanghai, China. Two-tailed Fisher's exact or ${\chi}^2$ tests was used to compare CNAs between females and males. Results: The overall frequencies and patterns of CNAs in female and male cases were similar. However, female HCC tumors presented more copy number gains compared to those in males on 1q21.3-q22 (76.5% vs. 37.0%, P = 0.009), 11q11 (35.3% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.0002) and 19q13.31-q13.32 (23.5% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.004), and loss on 16p11.2 (35.3% vs. 6.5%, P = 0.009). Relative to females, male cases had greater copy number loss on 11q11 (63.0% vs. 17.6%, P = 0.002). Further analyses showed that 11q11 gain correlated with 19q13.31-q13.32 gain (P = 0.042), 11q11 loss (P = 0.011) and 16p11.2 loss (P = 0.033), while 1q21.3-q22 gain correlated with 19q13.31-q13.32 gain (P = 0.046). Conclusions: These findings suggest that CNAs may play a role in sex-related differences in HBVassociated HCC development.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2022

This study analyzed the policy dilemma for ICT SMEs venture companies that changed after COVID-19 based on the results of the cognitive map analysis for ICT SMEs venture policies. First, as a result of analyzing the cognitive map of ICT SMEs venture companies that have changed since COVID-19, ICT venture companies are expanding support for ICT venture companies due to the threat of COVID-19. However, in order to convert COVID-19 into an opportunity factor, it also shows a policy direction to achieve innovative growth by creating a new market through non-face-to-face industry revitalization based on digital transformation (digital new deal). As a result of the study, the policy measures of supporting DNA-centered convergence innovation technology, digital transformation (digital new deal), fostering ICT startups (K-Global project), and expanding support for ICT SMEs did not have a policy dilemma. However, although many support has been expanded for ICT SMEs due to COVID-19, it is difficult to find and foster ICT start-up companies, and globalization problems are occurring due to the decrease in exports to COVID-19, making it difficult to create new markets. There is a negative (-) perception of causality that ICT SMEs venture companies may face risks as jobs decrease and innovative growth cannot be led to the revitalization of the non-face-to-face industry. Therefore, it was found that both the flow of causal relationship between the expansion of support for ICT SMEs and the high growth of ICT SMEs is not + and has a policy dilemma in part.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제36권12호
• /
• pp.1796-1805
• /
• 2023

Objective: This study aims to identify heat shock protein70-2 (HSP70-2) and protamine-1 (PRM1) mRNA and protein in Madura bull sperm and demonstrate their relation as bull fertility biomarkers. Methods: The Madura bull fertility rates were grouped based on the percentage of first service conception rate (%FSCR) as high fertility (HF) (79.04%; n = 4), and low fertility (LF) (65.84%; n = 4). mRNA of HSP70-2 and PRM1 with peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) as a housekeeping gene were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure protein abundance. In the post-thawed semen samples, sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, and sperm DNA fragmentation index were analyzed. Data analysis was performed on the measured parameters of semen quality, relative mRNA expression, and protein abundance of HSP70-2 and PRM1, among the bulls with various fertility levels (HF and LF) in a one-way analysis of variance analysis. The Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between semen quality, mRNA, proteins, and fertility rate. Results: Relative mRNA expression and protein abundance of HSP70-2 and PRM1 were detected and were found to be highly expressed in bulls with HF (p<0.05) and were associated with several parameters of semen quality. Conclusion: HSP70-2 and PRM1 mRNA and protein molecules have great potential to serve as molecular markers for determining bull fertility.

• 경영과정보연구
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.293-314
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 부산산업 성장과 고도화를 기반으로 3단계에 걸쳐 실행하는 10대전략산업에 디자인경영 측면에서 해석한 미래전략 디자인산업의 위치와 부산 디자인산업 육성방안을 제시하였다. 나아가 미래가치에 대한 창조혁명의 시대에 핵심 역할로서 디자인산업의 역할과 디자인경영 관점에서 조망하였으며, 부산 10대 전략산업에서 미래전략의 구성과 디자인산업 연관관계를 분석하였다. 특히, 전략산업과의 연관관계를 해석하였다. 디자인경영의 관점은 가치기반으로서의 디자인이 핵심 전략적 기능과 역할을 수행하는 미래가치의 산업이며, 디자인경영의 주요 기능과 비즈니스경영의 관계성을 이론적으로 고찰하였다. 한편, 부산 디자인 육성방안에서 제시된 항목을 정리하여 전략산업과의 연관관계에서 디자인산업 여건과 부산 디자인전략 수립기반의 조성을 위한 추진목표와 체계를 살펴보았다. 다음으로, 전략산업의 디자인 경영 요소를 분석하고, 부산디자인 육성 컨셉을 분석하여 핵심전략으로서의 의미와 위치관계, 정책우선 등 부산산업 30대 프로젝트의 분석과 그룹핑을 통하여 단계별 실현가능성의 순위를 도출하였다. 본 연구의 주제는 창의성 산업은 미래 산업 결정조건과 핵심가치라는 점과, 디자인 경영에 대한 인식의 전환, 그리고 부산 디자인산업의 비전과 추전전략으로서의 의미를 평가해 보는 것이다. 21세기 초에 정보혁명의 지식경제가 도래하였다. 2000년대의 전반적인 축이 디자인 전략 경영에 의해 창조적 혁신의 성장기를 준비하고 있다. 창조 패러다임의 도래와 지금은 창조경제 시대의 기능과 역할의 중심에 디자인경영의 새로운 이노베이션 DNA을 창출 할 것이며, 개별산업디자인에서 산업의 컨버전스화로 산업간 융합을 거쳐 디지털의 정보화, 지식화를 통해 디자인 프로세스가 변화가 되었으며, 정보, 기술을 활용한 가치창출의 통합디자인이 부산디자인산업 육성과 10대 전략산업의 핵심적 역할을 할 것으로 기대되고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.650-657
• /
• 2018

Objective: The study investigated the biological functions and mechanisms for controlling cashmere growth of Liaoning cashmere goat by ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen-like protein 2 (OCIAD2) and decorin (DCN) genes. Methods: cDNA library of Liaoning cashmere goat was constructed in early stages. OCIAD2 and DCN genes related to cashmere growth were identified by homology analysis comparison. The expression location of OCIAD2 and DCN genes in primary and secondary hair follicles (SF) was performed using in situ hybridization. The expression of OCIAD2 and DCN genes in primary and SF was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: In situ hybridization revealed that OCIAD2 and DCN were expressed in the inner root sheath of Liaoning cashmere goat hair follicles. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that these genes were highly expressed in SF during anagen, while these genes were highly expressed in primary hair follicle in catagen phase. Melatonin (MT) inhibited the expression of OCIAD2 and promoted the expression of DCN. Insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) inhibited the expression of OCIAD2 and DCN, while fibroblast growth factors 5 (FGF5) promoted the expression of these genes. MT and IGF-1 promoted OCIAD2 synergistically, while MT and FGF5 inhibited the genes simultaneously. MT+IGF-1/MT+FGF5 inhibited DCN gene. RNAi technology showed that OCIAD2 expression was promoted, while that of DCN was inhibited. Conclusion: Activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway up-regulated OCIAD2 expression and stimulated SF to control cell proliferation. DCN gene affected hair follicle morphogenesis and periodic changes by promoting transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ ($TGF-{\beta}$) and BMP signaling pathways. OCIAD2 and DCN genes have opposite effects on $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling pathway and inhibit each other to affect the hair growth.