• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.517-520
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• 2021

Innominate artery aneurysms are challenging for surgeons to treat because of the requirement for brain protection during surgery. In innominate artery aneurysms, the endovascular approach does not require cardiopulmonary bypass, but patients who can be treated using this approach are limited in number, and the long-term results of endovascular treatment are unclear. Here, we report our experience of successfully treating a patient with an innominate artery aneurysm using near-infrared spectroscopy without cardiopulmonary bypass support or hypothermic circulatory arrest.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제70권
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• pp.39-65
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• 2016

On 2013 the English court delivered a decision that the payment obligation under time charter party is a condition. According to this judgement, The Astra, a breach of the obligation to pay hire on time entitles the owner both to withdraw the ship and sue the charterers for damages for the difference between the contract and market rate for the remainder of the contracted period. On 2015, however, the English court stood at the other side. In Spar Shipping, the court confirmed that the obligation to pay hire is not a condition of the contract but an "innominate term" - from the charterers' breach ship owners can exercise their contractual right to withdraw, but owners' right to sue for damages depends on whether the charterers have deprived the owners of the substantial benefit of the contract, or shown an intention to do so. This article aims to compare both decisions over the points that (1) the importance of on-time payment under a time charter party, (2) as a critical and main question in this article, whether the mattered payment clause is a condition or innominate term, (3) whether the on-time payment clause is merely a penalty or a reasonable liquidated damage. Based on various reasons, I am on a position that the payment of hire is not a condition but an innominate term. Default in punctual payment by a charterer, in the absent of clear contractual agreement, needs to be decided further whether that breach removes the substantial benefit of the contract from the owners.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.680-686
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• 1989

Supravalvular aortic stenosis may be defined as an obstructive congenital deformity of the ascending aorta which originates just distal to the level of the origin of the coronary arteries. It may occur in several different anatomical form. Three type have been described; the hourglass, the hypoplastic and the membranous type, each term identifying the gross characteristic of the lesion causing by the aortic obstruction. Non cardiovascular condition commonly associated with supravalvular aortic stenosis are mental retardation, facial anomalies, hypercalcemia, etc. The diagnosis can be established preoperatively by left heart catheterization and selective angiography. Recently, we experienced a case of multiple localized supravalvular aortic stenosis involving, just above the sinus Valsalva and just proximal of the innominate artery. The surgical correction which was performed by a vertical incision across the each narrowing of aorta with replacement of diamond shaped double velour Woven Dacron patch under the CPB. He was discharged without any event.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2010

배경: 상대정맥을 침범한 흉부 종양의 수술은 종양의 병기가 진행된 상태로 인하여 수술적 치료에 대한 보고가 흔하지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 상대정맥 침범 종양의 수술적 치료 결과에 대한 후향적 고찰을 시행하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 5월부터 2009년 5월까지 상대정맥을 침범한 흉부 종양으로 본원에서 상대정맥의 부분 혹은 완전 절제술을 받은 환자 18명을 대상으로 하였고 성별은 남자 10명, 여자 8명, 수술 당시 평균 연령은 56.6세였다. 결과: 수술 방법은 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)도관을 이용한 재건술이 9예, 일차봉합이 6예, 첩포 성형술이 3예에서 시행되었다. 재원기간 중앙값은 14.5일(6~61), 추적 관찰기간 중앙값은 23개월(1~88)이었다. 전체 악성 종양 환자의 3년 생존율은 58.0%, 생존기간의 중앙값은 24.5개월이었다. 폐암, 종격동 종양에 따른 생존율과 무병율의 차이는 뚜렷하지 않았다. 상대정맥 재건술을 시행한 환자 중 1명에서 주도관인 상대정맥 도관의 폐쇄가 발생하였고 3명에서 부도관인 무명정맥 도관의 폐쇄가 발생하였다. 결론: 상대정맥을 침범한 폐암과 종격동 종양은 수술적 절제로 효과적으로 치료될 수 있었으며, 여러 가지 수술 후 합병증에도 불구하고 좋은 장기 생존율을 보여 이러한 환자 군에서 적극적인 수술적 치료가 고려되어야 한다고 판단된다.