• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of salinization of groundwater at the estern area of Cheju island. For this purpose, the major ions of groundwater, spring water are analyzed. The concentration of $Cl^-$ and Na^++K^+$/ contained in the groundwater at near the coastline are higher than those at inland area away from the coastline. The water quality components of groundwater observed at this area can be classified into 4 types such as Na-Cl, $HCO_3, Na-Cl-HCO_3$ and Ca-HCO$_3$. The concentration ratio of $SO_4^1 to Cl^- is 0.1354(R^2=0.972)$ at this area. This value is very similar with Dittomer's ratio of 0.13. For Na^+, K^+, and Mg^{2+}/ versus Cl^-$, their ratios also show a significant relationship between sea water and groundwater in this area. From the chloride-bicarbonate ratio, it can be estimated that the intrusion distance of seawater from coastline to inland area is 2.8km at Onpyung-Nansan, Sangdo and Pyungdae areas, and 5.4km at Kosung-Susan area. The mixing ratio between seawater and fresh water by the intrusion of seawater is decreased with the distance toward inland from coastline. This ratio(fresh water : seawater) is 80:20 in spring water adjacent the coastlines, Onpyung area and 99.8:0.2 in the well at No.3 of Susan located at inland away from the coastline. The concentration of $Na^+$ observed at field is 25~45% lower than that theoretically calculated by this mixing ratio. Based on the data of EC, the equipotential line of 500$\mu$mhos/cm is located at 4~5km poing at Kosung-Susan area and 2.5km point at the other area. The equation of correlation between $Cl^-$ concentration and EC values is $Cl^-$=0.1927EC-16.683 for the area lower than 500 $\mu$mhos/cm and $Cl^-$=0.2773EC for the area beyond 500 $\mu$mhos/cm.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.179-191
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• 1993

This paper aims to know the characteristics of occurrence of the anomaly level and variability of the monthly precipitation in Kyeongnam, Korea. For this study, it was investigated 주e distribution of the annual and cont비y mean precipitation, the precipitation variability and its annual change, and the characteristics of occurrence of the anomaly level in Kyeongnam area the results were summarized as follows : 1) she mean of annual total precipitation averaged over Kyeongnam area is 1433.3mm. I'he spatial distribution of the annual total precipitation shows that in Kyeongnam area, the high rainfall area locates in the southwest area and south coast and the low rainfall area in an inland area. 2) Monthly mean precipitation in llyeongnam area was the highest in July(266.4mm) 각lowed by August(238.0mm), June(210.2mm) in descending order. In summer season, rainfall was concentrated and accounted for 49.9 percent of the annual total precipitation. Because convergence of the warm and humid southwest current which was influenced by Changma and typhoon took place well in this area. 3) The patterns of annual change of precipitaion variability can be divided into two types; One is a coast type and the other an inland type. The variability of precipitation generally appears low in spring and summer season and high in autumn and winter season. This is in accord with the large and small of precipitation. 4) The high frequency of anomaly level was N( Normal)-level and the next was LN( Low Informal) -level and 25(Extremely Subnormal)-level was not appeared in all stations. The occurrence frequency of N level was high in high rainfall area and distinguish성 in spring and summer season but the low rainfall area was not. hey Words : anomaly level, variability, precipitation, coast type, inland type.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.799-806
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• 2010

In an effort to characterize temporal and spatial variability of $PM_{10}$ and to quantitatively estimate contribution of sea salt aerosol to $PM_{10}$ mass in Busan area, twenty four-hour averaged concentration of $PM_{10}$ were measured in two distinct areas, Gwaebeopdong(inland) and Dongsamdong(seashore), Busan for summer and fall, 2007. It was found that sea salt accounted for 2.9% and 9.5% of $PM_{10}$ mass in Gwaebeopdong and Dongsamdong, respectively for the study period, indicating that contribution of sea salt to $PM_{10}$ mass and total ion concentration in seashore area were consistently higher by a factor of three compared to inland area. Temporal analysis suggested that sea salt contributions to $PM_{10}$ in Dongsamdong were higher in summer due to the southerly sea breeze while there was no significant fluctuation of sea salt contribution for the summer and fall months in Gwaebeopdong. Sea salt enrichment factors($EF_{sea}$) of $K^+$ $Ca^{2+}$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ (>10) indicated major contributions from anthropogenic sources and EFs of $Mg^{2+}$ and $Cl^-$ exhibited strong association with oceanic origins for both areas.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.123-154
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• 1982

Petrochemical, K-Ar dating, Sand Rb/Sr isotopes, metallogenic zoning, paleomagnetic and geotectonic studies of the Gyongsang basin were carried out to examine applicability of plate tectonics to the post-late Cretaceous igneous activity and metallogeny in the southeastern part of Korean Peninsula. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Bulgugsa granitic rocks range from granite to adamellite, whose Q-Ab-Or triangular diagram indicates that the depth and pressure at which the magma consolidated increase from coast to inland varying from 6 km, 0.5-3.3 kb in the coastal area to 17 km, 0.5-10 kb in the inland area. 2. The volcanic rocks in Gyongsang basin range from andesitic to basaltic rocks, and the basaltic rocks are generally tholeiitic in the coastal area and alkali basalt in the inland area. 3. The volcanic rocks of the area have the initial ratio of Sr^{87}/Sr^{86} varying from 0.706 to 0.707 which suggests a continental origin; the ratio of Rb/Sr changing from 0.079-0.157 in the coastal area to 0.021-0.034 in the inland area suggests that the volcanism is getting younger toward coastal side, which may indicate a retreat in stage of differentiation if they were derived from a same magma. The K_2O/SiO_2 (60%) increases from about 1.0 in the coastal area to about 3.0 in the inland area, which may suggest an increase indepth of the Benioff zone, if existed, toward inland side. 4. The K-Ar ages of volcanic rocks were measured to be 79.4 m.y. near Daegu, and 61.7 m.y. near Busan indicating a southeastward decrease in age. The ages of plutonic rocks also decrease toward the same direction with 73 m.y. near Daegu, and 58 m.y. near Busan, so that the volcanism predated the plutonism by 6 m.y. in the continental interior and 4 m.y. along the coast. Such igneous activities provide a positive evidence for an applicability of plate tectonics to this area. 5. Sulfur isotope analyses of sulfide minerals from 8 mines revealed that these deposits were genetically connected with the spacially associated ingeous rocks showing relatively narrow range of ${\delta}^{34}S$ values (-0.9‰ to +7.5‰ except for +13.3 from Mulgum Mine). A sequence of metallogenic zones from the coast to the inland is delineated to be in the order of Fe-Cu zone, Cu-Pb-Zn zone, and W-Mo zone. A few porphyry type copper deposits are found in the Fe-Cu zone. These two facts enable the sequence to be comparable with that of Andean type in South America. 6. The VGP's of Cretaceous and post Cretaceous rocks from Korea are located near the ones($71^{\circ}N$, $180^{\circ}E$ and $90^{\circ}N$, $110^{\circ}E$) obtained from continents of northern hemisphere. This suggests that the Korean peninsula has been stable tectonically since Cretaceous, belonging to the Eurasian continent. 7. Different polar wandering path between Korean peninsula and Japanese islands delineates that there has been some relative movement between them. 8. The variational feature of declination of NRM toward northwestern inland side from southeastern extremity of Korean peninsula suggests that the age of rocks becomes older toward inland side. 9. The geological structure(mainly faults) and trends of lineaments interpreted from the Landsat imagery reveal that NNE-, NWW- and NEE-trends are predominant in the decreasing order of intensity. 10. The NNE-trending structures were originated by tensional and/or compressional forces, the directions of which were parallel and perpendicular respectively to the subduction boundary of the Kula plate during about 90 m.y. B.P. The NWW-trending structures were originated as shear fractures by the same compressional forces. The NEE-trending structures are considered to be priginated as tension fractures parallel to the subduction boundary of the Kula plate during about 70 m.y. B.P. when Japanese islands had drifted toward southeast leaving the Sea of Japan behind. It was clearly demonstrated by many authors that the drifting of Japanese islands was accompanied with a rotational movement of a clock-wise direction, so that it is inferred that subduction boundary had changed from NNE- to NEE-direction. A number of facts and features mentioned above provide a suite of positive evidences enabling application of plate tectonics to the late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous activity and metallogeny in the area. Synthesizing these facts, an arc-trench system of continental margin-type is adopted by reconstructing paleogeographic models for the evolution of Korean peninsula and Japan islands. The models involve an extention mechanism behind the are(proto-Japan), by which proto-Japan as of northeastern continuation of Gyongsang zone has been drifted rotationally toward southeast. The zone of igneous activity has also been migrated from the inland in late-Cretaceous to the peninsula margin and southwestern Japan in Tertiary.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.465-472
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• 2002

워터프린트는 도심 및 내륙지역과는 다른 독특한 기후특성을 가지고 있으며 이를 고려하지 않고 개발할 경우 시설물의 하자발생, 에너지 및 유지관리비용의 상승을 초래하게 됨은 물론 배후지, 도시기후에 악영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구는 부산지역의 10개 기상관측지점을 해안선에서 거리에 따라 워터프린트 및 내륙지역으로 분류하고 5년 간의 기상데이터를 이용하여 워터프런트의 기후특성에 대해 검토한다. 또 한 워터프런트 지역임에도 내륙지역과 유사한 기후특성이 나타나고 있는 대연지점을 대상으로 기후특성변화의 원인에 대해 검토한다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2009

본 논문은 부산지역의 지역용도별 PM10(입경 10 ${\mu}m$미만의 크기를 가진 먼지입자) 농도의 특성을 고찰하기 위해 수행되었다. 미세먼지는 배출량, 지형조건 그리고 기상인자에 의해 영향을 받는다. 공업지역의 경우, 내륙인 감전동의 PM10농도는 여름철을 제외한 모든 계절에서 해안인 녹산동보다 높았으며, 1차 peak가 가을철과 겨울철에 명확하게 나타났다. 녹지지역인 경우, 내륙인 대저동의 PM10농도는 해안인 동삼동보다 모든 계절에서 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 상업지역의 경우, 내륙인 전포동에서 primary peak를 나타내는 시각이 계절에 따라 1 시간씩 지연되었으며, 해안인 광복동은 전포동보다 봄철에 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 주거지역의 경우, 내륙인 덕천동과 용수리에서 봄철에 고농도의 PM10(80~90 ${\mu}g/m^3$)이 6시간동안 지속되어 나타났다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.389-403
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• 2021

In this study, dual drainage system based runoff model was established for W-drainage area in G-si, and considering the various rainfall characteristics determined using Huff and Mononobe methods, the degree of flooding in the target area was analyzed and the risk was compared and analyzed through the risk matrix method. As a result, the Monobe method compared to the Huff method was analyzed to be suitable analysis for flooding of recent heavy rain, and the validity of the dynamic risk assessment considering the weight of the occurrence probability as the return period was verified through the risk matrix-based analysis. However, since the definition and estimating criteria of the flood risk matrix proposed in this study are based on the return period for extreme rainfall and the depth of flooding according to the results of applying the dual drainage model, there is a limitation in that it is difficult to consider the main factors which are direct impact on inland flooding such as city maintenance and life protection functions. In the future, if various factors affecting inland flood damage are reflected in addition to the amount of flood damage, the flood risk matrix concept proposed in this study can be used as basic information for preparation and prevention of inland flooding, as well as it is judged that it can be considered as a major evaluation item in the selection of the priority management area for sewage maintenance for countermeasures against inland flooding.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.77-92
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• 2019

2000년대 초반 이래로 중국의 경제성장축이 연안 중심에서 중서부 내륙으로 이전되어가면서 내륙항의 건설이 촉진되었다. 내륙항은 내륙에서 연해 항만의 기능을 부여함으로써 수출입 물류와 통관을 효율화하는 데 있다. 본 연구는 중국 내륙항의 기능적/지리적 유형화와 지역별 내륙항의 SWOT-PEST분석을 통해 경쟁력과 잠재력을 파악하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구결과 내륙항의 기능적 분류는 항만지원형, 산업지원형, 유통지원형, 통관지원형으로 유형화될 수 있으며, 동부지역에는 항만지원형이 중서부지역에는 산업과 유통지원형 그리고 북서부지역에는 주변국가와의 무역을 촉진하기 위한 통관지원형의 내륙항이 다수를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 동부지역의 내륙항이 높은 경쟁력을 보유하고 있지만 중서부 지역의 내륙항들이 잠재력 면에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 '일대일로' 정책은 중서부 지역 및 접경지역의 내륙항의 발전을 촉진시키는 중요한 요인으로 작용할 것으로 예상된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.107-118
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• 1993

계속되는 도시화로 불투수성 면적이 증가되고, 환경변화에 의해 강우량이 증대되어 도시 저지대의 침수 우려가 더욱 가중되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 서울특별시에서는 많은 예산을 들여 내수를 외수 쪽으로 강제배수시키는 빗물펌프장을 계속해서 보강 및 신설하고 있다. 그러나 상대적으로 경제적이라 할 수 있는 기존 빗물펌프장 시설의 적정 제어기법에 대한 연구나 투자는 전무한 상태라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 퍼지제어기법을 적용하여 기존의 시설을 충분히 활용할 수 있는 기법을 개방하여 서울특별시 관내의 서로 다른 제원특성을 가진 57개의 유수지와 빗물펌프장에 적용하였다. 연구결과 현재의 펌프가동기준인 수위기준에 의한 펌프제어에 비하여 본 연구에서 적용한 퍼지제어기법이 전체 대상지점에 대하여 내수위를 같은 조건하에서도 충분히 낮출 수 있는 것으로 나타나 치수방재면에서 우수한 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.45-57
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• 1990

Today, about 95% of totoal import import and export container cargo in Korea is being transported through the Busan Port. The 59% of these cargos is being handled at BCTOC and the rest is at the existing piers. As the Off-Dock Container Yards(ODCY) within Busna City are located at 33 different places, it causes serious problems in the container cargo transport and inland traffic near Busan district. The container carriers to the inland market or other terminals cause heavy traffics to the Busan Traffic System. Hence, this impacts to the cost of the cargo handling equipment and cargo storage, the usage of labor resources, the control of natural environment etc. To solve those problems, it is required to build Inland Container Depot(ICD) in the Southeastern Economic Area. In this study therefore, we try to calculate the required area of Inland Container Depot(ICD) for Busan Port which deals which deals with the container cargo. We also investigate the sites for ICD being suggested outside of Busan City. We use the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) Method to decide the best one. The result shows that the best is the Site B(Dong Myen, Yangsan Kun).