• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2008

Objectives : Oriental Medicine Music Therapy is a new way of treating and preventing various diseases and promoting health by means of music specially picked and designed to produce Qi(氣) fitting to an individual person in the areas of the structure of human body, physiological function, pathological change, diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it can facilitate the efficiency of the treatment much better and faster than only with herb or acupuncture. Equilibrium between body and mind is its originality. Methods : A 38-year old man came to hospital suffering from left side weakness, dysarthria because of cerebral infarction. After one week's medication in the part of neurology, he was sent to the oriental medicine music therapy center, and he took ten times' medical treatments once a day. Before and after the treatments, implementing 'Ink foot print analysis', as for the movement capacity and walking of left side weakness, these results are acquired. Results and Conclusions : 1. Before the oriental medicine music therapy, except the acceleration and deceleration section, within three meters, a right foot's step was measured 30.55 cm and a left foot was measured 15.2 cm, and the step distance was 15.2 cm. After the 10 times treatments, the right foot's step was 112.6 cm, the left foot's step was 113 cm, and the step distance improved to 51.8 cm. 2. The normal person's average step is about 38 cm, and it could be decreased owing to a decreptitude, pain, fatigue, and the weakness of the legs. In spite of all, from the increased 50 cm step measurement with the patient's body condition, it means that his movement capacity is recovered. 3. In the measurement of walking time, before 10 times treatments, it took 46.35 seconds within 6M, but after the treatments, it increased to 7.47 seconds as same as a normal person's walking speed. 4. In insomnia, and the abnormality of a facial muscle, it shows lots of improvement, and even the accuracy of a pronunciation, but despite of the 10 times treatments, the 'ㄹ(r)' sound placed under a vowel is unclear. 5. Before the 10 times' treatments, he can move the left side shoulder with pain and cannot move below the left elbow. After the treatments, the pain was disappeared, and he was able to move over 60 cm without pain. And improving of the movement of fingers, he can beat over 8 times with a drumstick.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.72-80
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• 2000

This study was to investigate the effects of a functional electrical stimulation (FES) on temporal parameters (stride length, step width and cadence) of gait patterns in a patient with right hemiparesis. A single-subject reversal (ABAB) design was used. The subject was a 25-year-old male who had foot drop and circumduction gait pattern. An ink foot-print method was used to assess the temporal parameters of gait between the baseline phase and the intervention phase. FES was applied at 8 m walkway, three times a week for 5 weeks. The results showed that stride length was increased by 4.04 cm and that step width was decreased by 3.93 cm in the intervention phase. There was no difference in cadence between the baseline phase and intervention phase.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.23-38
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to identify the effects of pelvic tilting exercise on gait patterns of hemiplegic patients. The subjects of this study were 31 hemiplegic in- and out-patients of the Rehabilitation Hospital, Yonsei University Medical Center, from September 24, 1997 through November 5, 1997. Pre- and post-treatment change in gait patterns were measured using a ink foot-print. The data were analyzed by the paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and independent t-test. The findings were as follows: The difference in gait patterns between pre- and post-treatment was statistically significant, with an increase in gait velocity to 7.98 cm/sec post-treatment; an increase in cadence to 7.29 steps/min; a narrowing of the base of support to 1.33 cm; an increase in step length of 3.92 cm on the less affected side and 3.73 cm on the more affected side; an increase in stride length of 5.82 cm on the less affected side and 5.92 cm on the more affected side(statistically not significant in foot angle). In relation to sex, age, cause of stroke, and laterality of paralysis, the difference in gait patterns between pre- and post-treatment was not statistically significant. Where there was no significant difference of the effects of pelvic exercise regarding the degree of spasticity, the presence of a decrease in proprioception, and the duration of treatment. In conclusion, hemiplegic pelvic tilting exercise was found to have transmitting positive effect in improving gait patterns.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics oi gait patterns and to find the effects of the gait function on the P.N.F. pelvic pattern. The subjects of this study were 40 hemiplegic patients who either hospitalized in or out patients at department physical therapy, Tae-Bong hospital and Masan college health education center. The study on these patient were done from July 20.1999 through May 10,2000. Method of gait pattern assessment used ink foot print record. The results were as follows: 1. There were significiant difference in cadence and stride length(p<0.05). 2. There were significiant difference in gait velocity (p<0.05).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-88
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of anterior, posterior, and lateral pelvic tilt exercise upon the gait characteristics of patients with hemiplegia including their gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length of the non affected side, step length of the affected side, foot angle of the non affected side, foot angle of the affected side, base of support, and so on. The subject of this study was 24 men and women patients with hemiplegia. The patients, the subject of this study, were classified into 12 patients of treatment group applying pelvic tilt exercise using visual feedback and 12 patients of control group applying general pelvic tilt exercise, and then analyzed their gait before and after exercise. Temporal distance gait analysis (Boening, 1977) was used to analyze their gait, and ink foot-print was applied as on of measurement methods. To find out meaningful difference between control group and treatment group, this study carried out independent sample t-test for each item by utilizing SPSS/Win 10.0, compared changes in control group's and treatment group's gait characteristics before and after exercise as percentage, and applied paired t-test to conduct before-after test in same group. Statistical significance level was ${\alpha}$ < 0.05. The results of this study were as follows. As a result of independent sample t-test for control group's and treatment group's gait characteristics after exercise, it was not statistically significant so there was no meaningful difference between two groups. However, it was statistically significant in the change rate(%) of gait characteristics, and treatment group's patients with hemiplegia had been highly changed in gait characteristics in comparison with control group. From the above-mentioned results, could find that pelvic tilt exercise using visual feedback for patients with hemiplegia was effective to improve their gait ability and it could increase the ability in comparison with general pelvic tilt exercise. In the future, studies on the effect of pelvic tilt exercise using visual feedback shall be continued based on more quantitative methods.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the involved lower limb weight bearing training on symmetrical weight supporting rate improvement and gait characteristics of patients with hemiplegia including their gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length of the non affected side, step length of the affected side, foot angle of the non affected side, foot angle of the affected side, base of support, and so on. The subject of the study was 28 men and women patients with hemiplegia from 22 to 77 age, among patients who doctor diagnosed as hemiplegia due to stroke or traumatic brain injury, were possible to do independent gait more than 45m without others assistance, the flexion contracture of hip pint was less than $15^{\circ}$, did not have contracture for knee pint and one more than $5^{\circ}$ for ankle joint, did not have contraindication for exercise or gait did not show visual defect due to brain injury. The patients, the subject of the study, were classified into 14 patients of treatment. group applying continuous involved weight bearing with general therapeutic exercise and 14 patients of control group applying general therapeutic exercise, and then analyzed their gait before and after exercise. Temporal distance gait analysis(Boening, 1977) was used to analyze their gait, and ink foot-print was applied as one of measurement methods. However, it was statistically signifiant in the change rate(%) of gait characteristics, and treatment group's patients with hemiplegia had been highly changed in gait characteristics in comparison with control group. From the above-mentioned results, could find that continuous involved weight bearing training for patients with hemiplegia was effective to improve their gait ability and it could increase the ability in comparison with general exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

Purpose: The aims of this study was to evaluate the effects of shoulder lateral rotation and trunk extension exercises on standing posture improvement exercises using turning round in the patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: For twenty-one patients with Parkinson's disease, shoulder lateral rotation and trunk extension exercises were performed for a total of three sets, ten times a set, three days a week for twelve weeks. To measure turning round, ink foot-print method was used. The number of steps and time were measured every week for before and after study (twelve weeks). Results: The results are as follows: Changes in steps and time on each week during twelve weeks showed significant differences, compared with before test(p<0.05). Conclusion: Standing posture improvement exercises can help perform turning round in the patients with Parkinson's disease.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.55-76
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to identify the immediate effects of the short leg brace on the weight bearing distribution and gait patterns of hemiplegic patients. The subjects of this study were 18 hemiplegic patients who had been hospitalized or visited out-patient department of Rehabilitation Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, from January 5, 1996 through March 23, 1996. PLS(Posterior Leaf Spring) on and off changes in gait patterns were measured using ink foot print as well as by recording weight bearing distribution using a limb load monitor. The data were analyzed by the correlation and paired t-test. The findings were as follows: 1. Eighteen subjects were more weighted on the affected leg when PLS was put off(42.74%) than on(40.08%). 2. The defference in gait patterns between PLS on and off was statistically significant, with an increase in step length by 1.7cm on the involved side; a decrease in foot angle by 4.41 degree on the involved side; and a narrowing of base of support by 1.46cm when PLS were off. In conclusion, this study showed that PLS did not affect the weight bearing distribution and gait patterns of hemiplegic patients. Since, the evaluation method used in this study has limitations in regard to temporal distance gait values. Further studies are required to numerous experiments for subject and extensive study.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to analyse the subtalar joint movement characteristics in human stance phase. The data of subtalar joint movement patterns are collected by CTA(calcaneus to tibia angle) measurements. CTA is defined as a angle formed between the bisect of the posterior shank and bisect of the posterior heel, as determined by placement of the retroreflective markers. The angle measured in degrees. The participants are 74 healthy individuals (37 men and 37 women) who have no orthopedic and neurological impairment, aged from 19 to 29 years(mean 22.95). Prior to participation, each subjecct informed the procedures of experiment from researcher and assistant researcher. The equipments of this study are walking grid, marking tapes, goniometer, video camera, monitor and ink for foot print are used in the study. In order to determine the statistical significance of result, the paired t-test and Pearson correlation were applied at the 0.05 level of significance. The results were as follows : 1. The reliability of measured CTA value are showed a high correlation, ranged from .86 - .94. 2. The mean value of step width are 7.67cm in men and 6cm in women. So, significant difference between men and women in 0.05 level of significance. 3. There was significant difference between man and women's TOA(toe out angle)(p<0.05). 4. The CTA of female's is more higher than male's one, however not statistical difference between man and women(p>0.05). 5. The CTA is reduced according to increasing TOA(p<0.05).

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2002

Objectives : Acupuncture therapy is known as a effective method to CVA with paralysis. To make clear about effectiveness of acupuncture affecting to active and static postural adaptation for the patient with hemiparesis, we studied whether acupuncture changed ability of maintenance with one leg standing posture, and character of gait such as gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length and base of support. Methods : This clinical study has been carried out with 10 cases of CVA patient with hemiparesis. We treated patients with acupuncture for 4 weeks, estimated each paralytic leg and well leg before 1st treatment and after last treatment, and compared the change of one leg with the other. To estimate the change of ability of static postural adaptation, we checked the time of duration with one leg standing posture. And about active postural adaptation, we used temporal distance gait analysis with Ink-Foot-Print method. Results and Conclusions : In static postural adaptation, paralytic leg significantly improved the duration with one leg posture. And In active postural adaptation with gait analysis, paralytic leg showed significant improvement in stride length and step length. Base of support and cadence were also significantly improved.