• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.151-154
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the association between time to surgery and injury severity score (ISS). Methods: Medical charts and records were reviewed for polytrauma patients who underwent trauma surgery from November 2014 to March 2016. The patients were divided into two groups based on the ISS. Results: Among the 217 operated patients, 22 patients underwent first and second surgery. The patients with an ISS over 17 (mean 13.0 days) had a longer interval between surgeries than patients with an ISS of 17 or less (mean 7.5 days) (p=0.031). One hundred and twenty-one patients only underwent elective surgery and there is a positive correlation between ISS and time to elective surgery (p<0.028, Pearson's correlation coefficient=0.224). Seventy-four patients underwent emergent surgery only. Among these, the patients with an ISS of 17 or less underwent general surgery (86%) but the patients with an ISS more than 17 underwent neurological surgery (47%). Conclusion: Patients with high ISS need critical care during the preoperative and postoperative period.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.306-309
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• 2016

Using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), we demonstrated injury of the arcuate fasciculus (AF) in the nondominant hemisphere in two patients who showed subfalcine herniation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the dominant hemisphere. Two patients (patient 1 and patient 2) with ICH and six age-matched control patients who have ICH on the left corona radiata and basal ganglia without subfalcine herniation were recruited for this study. DTT was performed at one month after onset in patient 1 and patient 2. AFs of both hemispheres in both patients were disrupted between Wernicke's and Broca's areas. The fractional anisotropy value and tract numbers of the right AFs in both patients were found to be more than two standard deviations lower than those of control patients. In contrast, the apparent diffusion coefficient value was more than two standard deviations higher than those of control patients. Using the configuration and parameters of DTT, we confirmed injury of the AF in the nondominant hemisphere in two patients with subfalcine herniation following ICH in the dominant hemisphere. Therefore, DTT would be a useful tool for detection of underlying injury of the AF in the nondominant hemisphere in patients with subfalcine herniation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.142-151
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and the reliability of the WISCI II to ascertain its value in the walking function evaluation of spinal cord injury patient. The WISCI II consists of 20 variables with a total valus ranging from 6 to 20 score. A group of 23 spinal cord injury patient were included in this study. To determine the validity, kappa statistics between the WISCI II and SCIM II were measured. The result of this study are as follows: 1) In the validity study, the kappa statistics between the WISCI II and SCIM II were 0.79 and 0.84 for an initial total score and a discharge total score respectively, indicating a reasonable agreement between the two test. 2) In the reliability study, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.83 and 0.95 for total score indicating a good internal consistency. The finding suggest that the WISCI II demonstrated an acceptable validity and reliabilit for the evaluation of walking function capacity of spinal cord injury patient in clinical practice.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.349-355
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• 2023

This study attempted to investigate the effect of competitive anxiety on injury psychology according to the athletic career of tennis athletes at Chinese universities. To study the method, 208 athletes enrolled in a four-year university (0 university, 0 university) located in A City, Hanam Province, were surveyed for a total of three weeks from the end of January to the beginning of February 2023. To verify the research model, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS Statistics 25. And independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted to find out the differences in variables according to general characteristics, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to verify hypotheses through the concept of measurement. As a result of the study, first, it was found that there was a significant difference in the athletic career of tennis athletes at West China University. Second, the non-standardized coefficient of competition anxiety was found to have a positive (+) effect on exercise weaponry. Third, the non-standardized coefficient of competition anxiety was found to have a positive (+) effect on anxiety and anxiety. Therefore, it was found that other competitive anxiety in the exercise career had an effect on injury psychology. Since competition anxiety according to the athletic career of tennis athletes at Chinese universities affects injury psychology, it suggests that a psychological program that can control competition anxiety and injury psychology of athletes should be developed and introduced to athletes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1577-1584
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• 2002

This paper develops a finite element model for studying the occupant behavior and injury cofficients of a large-sized cab-over type truck. Since it does not have a room to absorb collision energy and deformation in front of the passenger compartment the deformation is directly transmitted to the passenger compartment. Moreover, since its steering column is attached on the frame, severe deformation of the frame directly affects on the steering wheel's movement. Therefore, if the occupant behavior and injury coefficients analysis is performed using a finite element model developed based on a sled test, it is very difficult to expect acquiring satisfactory results. Thus, the finite element model developing in this paper is based on the frontal crash test in order to overcome the inherent problems of the sled test based model commonly used in the passenger car. The occupant behavior and injury coefficients analysis is performed using PAM-CRASH installed in super-computer SP2. In order to validate the reliability of the developed finite element model, a frontal crash test is carried out according to a test method used fur developing truck occupant's secondary safety system in european community and japan. That is, test vehicle's collision direction is vertical to the rigid barrier and collision velocity is 45kph. Thus, measured vehicle pulses at the lower parts of the left and right B-pilla., dummy chest and head deceleration profiles, HIC(head injury criterial) and CA(chest acceleration) values, and dummy behavior from the frontal crash test are compared to the analysis results to validate reliability of the developed model.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.457-466
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlations among emotional perception clarity, emotion regulation, family relationship, non-suicidal self-injury, and depression, and to determine associated factors of non-suicidal self-injury and depression for senior elementary school students. Methods: Data were collected from 150 early adolescences in K region, Korea. A self-report questionnaire consisted of Trait Meta-Mood Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Family Relationship Assessment Scale, Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation, and Children's Depression Inventory. The data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, logistic regression, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Non-suicidal self-injury and depression were positively associated with maladaptive emotion regulation strategy and family conflict, but negatively related to emotional perception clarity and family support. Adaptive emotion regulation strategy and family togetherness were only significantly correlated with depression. In logistic regression analysis, significant predictors of non-suicidal self-injury were emotional perception clarity, maladaptive emotion regulation strategy, and family support. Multiple regression analysis found that significant factors of depression were adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, which explained 38.0% of the variance. Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that targeted intervention to reinforce the adaptive emotion regulation strategy and family relationship may prevent non-suicidal self-injury, and depression for senior elementary school students.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2001

The purpose of the present study was to assess the agreement of survival probability estimated by International Classification of Diseases l0th Edition(ICD-10) based International Classification of Diseases based Injury Severity Score(ICISS) with professional panel's judgment on preventable death. ICISS has a promise as an alternative to Trauma and Injury Severity Score(TRISS) which have served as a standard measure of trauma severity, but requires more validation studies. Furthermore as original version of ICISS was based ICD-9CM, it is necessary to test its performance employing ICD-10 which has been used in Korea and is expected to replace ICD-9 in many countries sooner or later. Methods : For 1997 and 1998 131 trauma deaths and 1,785 blunt trauma inpatients from 6 emergency medical centers were randomly sampled and reviewed. Trauma deaths were reviewed by professional panels with hospital records and survival probability of trauma inpatients was assessed using ICD-10 based ICISS. For trauma mortality degree of agreement between ICISS survival probability with judgment of professional panel on preventable death was assessed and correlation between W-score and preventable death rate by each emergency medical center was assessed. Results : Overall agreement rate of ICISS survival probability with preventable death judged by professional panel was 66.4%(kappa statistic 0.36). Spearman's correlation coefficient between W-score and preventable death rate by each emergency medical center was -0.77(p=0.07) and Pearson's correlation coefficient between them was -0.90(p=0.01). Conclusions : The agreement rate of ICD-10 based ICISS survival probability with of professional panel's judgment on preventable death was similar to TRISS. The W-scores of emergency medical centers derived from ICD-10 based ICISS were highly correlated with preventable death rates of them with marginal statistical significance.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for nursing interventions to promote rehabilitation motivation by identifying the influencing factors of motivating rehabilitation intention in patients with spinal cord injury. The data were collected using self-reported questionnaires and questionnaires by postal mail services, from September 1 through the October 6, 2002. A total of 148 questionnaires were completed and returned. The instrument developed by Han, Hye Sook(2001) was used to measure the rehabilitation motivation, and depression, family support, participation of self-help group, self-esteem, and self-efficacy were measured to test the variables influencing the rehabilitation motivation. Using SPSS WIN 10.0, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA. Turkey inspection, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted. The results of the study are as follows: The rehabilitation motivation score ranged from 30 to 100, and the average was $76.78(\pm12.40)$. In terms of the types of motivation, mean task-oriented motivation score was $23.28(\pm3.39)$, change-oriented motivation $22.25(pm3.16)$, obligatory motivation $9.90(\pm2.02)$, external motivation $9.85(\pm1.89)$, and mean amotivation score was $11.50(\pm1.94)$. The scores for the rehabilitation motivation was significantly associated with the time elapsed since injury, economic status, and the degrees of disability. Significant correlations were found between the rehabilitation motivation and the time elapsed since injury(r=-0.222, p=0.007), self-efficacy(r=0.204, p=0.013), depression(r=-0.210, p=0.010). and the economic status(r=-0.189, p=0.022). The variables that can predict the rehabilitation motivation included the time elapsed since injury, and self-efficacy. These variables accounted for $12.8\%$ of the variance of the rehabilitation motivation. In conclusion, the factors influencing the rehabilitation motivation in patients with spinal cord injury were found to be the time elapsed since injury, self-efficacy, depression, and the economic status of the patient, Accordingly, nursing interventions which could alleviate patients' depression and enhance self-efficacy should be designed to motivate rehabilitation. Before planning nursing interventions for patients with spinal cord injury, needs assessment should be conducted including the assessment of patients' economic status and time elapsed since injury.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.127-140
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of sexual rehabilitation education on the knowledge and adjustment of sexual of spinal cord injury clients by the method of nonequivalant control group pretest-posttest group. The data were collected from Jan. 19 though Feb. 16, 2000. The experimental group was 26 spinal cord injury client from one rehabilitation center, and the control group was 26 spinal cord injury client from two rehabilitation center. Sexual rehabilitation education was done with manuals, videotapes and chart. Education time was 120 minutes a week for 2 weeks. The study tool was about Sexual Knowledge, designed Song, Chung Sook(1990) and SIAC(Sexual, Interest, Activity, & Satisfaction) designed Kruter, Sullivan, Siosteen(1994) translated by Kang, Hyun Sook, Koh, Jung Eun, Suh, Yeon Ok, Yee, Oon Hee(1999). The collected data were analyzed SPSS program. The Data were analyzed descriptive statistics and $X^2$ test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, t-test, F-test (ANOVA), Duncan's multiple comparison test. The result were as follows. 1. The first hypothesis was accepted : The group educated about sexual rehabilitation has more sexual knowledge than those of the uneducated group(t = 7.412, p = .001). 2. The second hypothesis was accepted : The group educated about the sexual rehabilitation has more adjustment of sexual than those of the uneducated group(t = 5.524, p= .001). 3. The third hypothesis was accepted: The higher sexual knowledge state, the higher sexual adjustment(r= .449, p= .003). According to results, sexual rehabilitation education helps Spinal cord Injury Clients to gain knowledge and adjustment of sexual.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-43
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on elementary school children's lifestyle and to contribute to developing on the health education program in elementary schools. The subjects were 1,412 children in 4 elementary schools in Gangwon-Do and Chonrabuk-Do area. Data collection was done from September to November 2001 by questionnaire and school health documents. The questionnaire corrected for the purpose of this study which had been developed by Bronson School of Nursing(1991), 'Lifestyle Questionnaire for School-age Children'. The questionnaire consists of 3 categories; 'Activities that promote health', 'Injury prevention', 'Feeling'. Cronbach coefficient alpha for the 29 items was .68. The data analyzed to obtain frequency, mean, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient by SPSS Win program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Females(50.2%) of gender, 6th grade(24.2%) of grade, nuclear family(82.0%) of family type, beyond college graduate(54.5%) of father's school career, under high school graduate(58.1%) of mother's school career, first of birth order(47.1%) were majority. Mean of father's age was 41.2 and mother's age was 38.1. 2. The mean of lifestyle was 66.4, feeling was 73.3, activities that promote health was 60.3 and injury prevention was 64.0. The highest degree of activities that promote health was 「I eat fruits」and injury prevention was 「I look both ways when crossing streets」and feeling was 「I enjoy my family」. The lowest degree of activities that promote health was 「I visit the dentist every tear」 and injury prevention was 「I wear a helmet when I go on bike trips」 and feeling was 「I think it is okay to cry」. 3. There were significant differences in lifestyle of gender(t=4.309, p=.000), grade(F=6.299, p=.000), father's age(t=2.534, p=.011), father's education(t=-4.933, p=.000), mother's education(t=-3.360, p=.001), birth order (t=5.363, p=.000). There were significant differences in activities that promote health of gender(t=-2.462, P=.014), grade(F=4.893, p=.000), father's education(t=-4.480, p=.000), birth order(t=4.343, p=.000), in injury prevention of gender(t=-4.452, p=.000), grade(F=8.636, p=.000), father's age(t=3.386, p=.001), mother's age(t=2.059, p=.040), father's education(t=-6.051, p=.000), mother's education(t=-5.173, p=.000), birth order(t=4.417, p=.000) and in feeling of gender (t=-3.285, p=.001), grade(F=7.526, p=.000), mother's age(t=-3.268, p=.001). 4. Activities that promote health was positively correlated with injury prevention(r=.432, p=.000), feeling(r=.210, p=.000), lifestyle (r=.785, p=.000). Injury prevention was positively correlated with feeling(r=.256, p=.000), lifestyle(r=.854, p=.000) also feeling was positively correlated with lifestyle(r=.504, p=.000). These findings suggest the need to develop nursing strategy to promote elementary school children's health. Because helmet use score in injury prevention marked the lowest score, it is necessary to encourage helmet use when planning injury prevention and health promotion.