• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the quantitative changes of the numbers of the mechanoreceptors in the experimentally tenotomized Achilles tendon of rabbits as compared with short-term immobilization and long-term immobilization. Materials and Methods: 14 white rabbits were used. After tenotomizing the right Achilles tendon, the subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the periods of immobilizaton. The left side of each Achilles tendon of the rabbits were used as controls. The tendons were stained with a modified gold-chloride method. Results: The number of mechanoreceptor was significantly decreased in the tenotomized Achilles tendon group than the control group (p<0.01). There was no statistical difference between the two experimental groups in the numbers of the mechanoreceptors (p>0.01). Conclusion: The injured Achilles tendons may more vulnerable to injury because of the decreased numbers of mechanoreceptors, but no difference between the periods of immobilization. It may suggest that post-operative immobilization period may not affect on the outcome of operative treatment from the viewpoint of mechanoreceptors.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.118-122
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• 1997

The lateral hoof of right hind limb of a pregnant Masai giraffe was accidentally injured, and its coronet, hoof wall, and sole were detached in a mass. The bleeding was observed from the exposed dermis of the affected foot for several hours, with second scoreof supporting lameness. The bleeding from the digital artery at the exposed dermis was stopped by epinephrine spray and direct pressing. Nitrofurazone ointment was topocally applied for 5 days and sxytetracycline solusion was delivered by a fluid jet in the affected hoof one month. The calf was born 5 months after the avulsion. The horn of the hoof wall was grown from the coronet to sole, and was gradually filled from the heel to the toe. The growth rate and filling rate of the hoof wall were 0.32mm and 0.54mm a day, respectively.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to describe the results of treatment for motor vehiclerelated crushing injuries among children and adolescents under sixteen years in Korea. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of data from children who were under sixteen year and injured foot by motor vehicles. Cases were documented 1) age at the time of injury, 2) injured site, 3) the area of accident, 4) the kind of vehicle, 5) associated injuries, 6) methods of treatment for soft tissue reconstruction and 7) complications. The relationships between the area of accident and associated injuries, and the kind of vehicle and associated injuries were analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results: There were 97 children who were 15 year and younger. The mean age was 7.4 years, and 65% were boys. The left foot was more dominant side of injury (57%). Seasonal variation was seen with the number of injuries peaking during the summer (43%, p<0.05). Among the vehicles, 78.3% were the large vehicles (bus, truck or van). The where of accident was more frequent at an alley or less than two lanes of traffic. But, the relationships between the place of accident and associated injury or the kind of vehicles and associated injury were not statistically significant. The associated injury were fracture or dislocation (23 cases, 35.9%), injury of tendon (21 cases, 32.8%). There were amputation or disarticulation of foot in 8 cases (8.2%) and post-traumatic deformities such as flatfoot, hindfoot varus or valus deformities by tendon injury in 7 cases (7.2%). Conclusion: More than 50% of crushing or degloving injuries of child's foot by traffic accidents happened in boys between 5 to 9 years old. The associated injury was unrelated with size of vehicles or accident place at the time of accident. But, even though foot injury happened in an alley or one lane by small vehicles, child who hurt feet by car need thorough investigation about associated injury. If a surgeon keep in mind and treat child to associated injury necessarily, can minimize complication. Microsurgical reconstruction for soft tissue defect was prior to other methods.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2002

More and more non-injured operations are being implemented these days, thanks to the development of medical technology. Still, however, most operations leave direct scars on patient' bodies, as well as accompanying pain. The massage as an independent nursing intervention can stimulate the circulation of the blood of tissue and muscle and increase the relationship between a patient and a nurse. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of foot massage on pain in post abdominal operative patients. The nonequivalent control group, pre-post test design is used for this study. From July 7, 2000 to February 20, 2001, the 40 patients who were operated under general anesthesia in a university hospital in Seoul were studied. They were divided into two groups ; 20 patients were part of the experimental group, and the others, in the control group. In order to evaluate the effect of foot massage, severity of pain was checked with the VAS (Visual Analog Scale) and also each patients' vital signs were measured with pulse rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The collected datas were processed by SAS version 6.12 program and analyzed by the Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The severity of pain decreased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group following foot massage (t=-3.317, p= .002). 2. Measured vital signs in the experimental group had more reduction of that than in the control group following foot massage. - The pulse rate in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group following foot massage (F=7.73, p=.008). - The systolic blood pressure in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group following foot massage (F=25.75, p=.000). - The diastolic blood pressure in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group following foot massage (F=15.27, p=.000). In conclusion, foot massage is an effective dependent nursing intervention for pain control of post abdominal operative patients.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1997

One hundred and thirty-seven patients had reconstructive surgery of injured feet with microsurgical technique in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Yonsei University College of Medicine from 1983 to 1997. The results were as follows: 1. There were 89 cases in men and 48 cases in women, who together had a mean age of 21.3 years. 2. The causes of injuries were 97 cases from traffic accidents, 15 cases from burns, 11 cases from machinery injury, 5 cases from infection, 2 cases from falling, 2 cases from glass injury, 2 cases from snake bite, 2 cases from explosive injury, and 1 case from ulceration. 3. There were 47 cases with inguinal flaps, 36 cases with scapular flaps, 36 cases with parascapular flaps, 7 cases with deltoid flaps, 4 cases with lateral thigh flaps, 3 cases with latissimus dorsi flaps, 2 cases with tensor fascia lata flaps, and 2 cases with dorsalis pedis flaps. 4. One hundred and twenty-seven(92.7%) cases were successful in reconstructive surgery with microsurgical technique. 5. Functionally, the thick skin flap or sensory flap has less ulceration and good protective sensation. We considered that the function and cosmetic appearance were excellent after reconstructive surgery of the injured feet with microsurgical reconstructive technique and that the thick skin flap or sensory flap has less ulceration and good protective sensation.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.170-172
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• 2018

An ankle sprain is a relatively common sports-related injury but a severe open ankle sprain (SOAS) is very rare. A 27-year-old female athlete was injured during running and was hospitalized because of an inversed ankle injury with an open wound. She was diagnosed initially with an open-avulsion fracture at the tip of the fibula with an anterior talofibular ligament tear. The patient was finally diagnosed with SOAS from the surgical findings and literature review. SOAS should also be considered if there is a transverse open wound at the time of an ankle injury.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.145-150
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• 2018

High ankle sprain (distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury) occurs from rotational injuries, specifically external rotation, and may be associated with ankle fractures. The prevalence of these injuries may be higher than previously reported because they may be missed in an initial examination. Syndesmosis injury can lead to significant complications in injured ankle joints, so a precise physical examination and radiological evaluation is necessary. The most important treatment goal is to have the tibia and fibula located in the correct position with respect to each other and to heal in that position. The methods to fix these injuries is controversial.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.121-124
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• 2005

The midtarsal joint which consists of the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints lies transversely across the medial and lateral arches of the foot. Complete dislocation of this joint unassociated with fracture is extremely rare. A 36 year-old male who was injured by motor vehicle accident came to help for his left midfoot pain and deformity. We misdiagnosed as subtalar dislocation. Closed reduction was performed. We reviewed initial and post-reduction X-rays, and then we diagnosed as Chopart's dislocation. CT scan was taken; it showed fracture of the anterior process of the calcaneous.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 1994

The successful treatment of the extensively traumatized foot warrants reconstruction utilizing tissue that will provide adequate coverage, is resistant to infection, thin enough to conform to the contours of the foot as well as durable to constant frictional movement and weight bearing. Currently, free flaps offer the best means in achieving these difficult and sometimes contradictory goals. We treated twenty-one patients suffering from extensive soft tissue loss of the foot due to trauma, electric burn or postburn sequelae with free flaps. A fasciocutaneous, musculocutaneous or muscle flap with skin grafting was used based on the location, volume of tissue required, and the functional anatomical requirement of the injured region. The follow-up duration averaged twenty-nine months. From our group of patients, we believe that the muscle free flap with skin grafting offers the most favorable outcome.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.678-684
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• 2021

Background A car-tire friction injury on the dorsum of a child's foot often results in hypertrophic scarring of the wound margins. This study describes the clinical appearance of the injured areas and surgical complications that occurred during the follow-up period in a series of children with car-tire friction injuries who were treated with split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs). We describe the clinical features that we believe need to be highlighted when initially treating car-tire injuries in children. Methods From May 2003 to June 2016, our retrospective study included 15 patients with car-tire injuries on the dorsum of the foot who were treated with surgical excision and STSG to cover the wound. Results A total of 15 patients with car-tire injuries were treated. The average age was 6.26 years old. The average injury grade was 3.26. Two patients were treated using delayed repair, and 13 patients received STSG for initial management. Four patients experienced no complications, while 11 patients had hypertrophic scars and/or scar contracture after surgery. Conclusions A car-tire friction injury on the dorsum of a child's foot often results in hypertrophic scar formation or scar contracture even if proper management is undertaken. Since the occurrence of these complications in childhood can lead to a secondary deformity, it is important to properly treat car-tire friction wounds, inform patients and caregivers about potential complications, and ensure regular follow-up evaluations over a 12-month period following the initial surgery.