• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2010

This paper present the diesel spray characteristics at different injection system parameters in a HSDI diesel engine. The spray characteristics was calculated by the coupled simulation of fuel injection system model and three-dimensional KIVA-3V code with TAB spray model. The relevant injection parameters are accumulator volume, control chamber initial volume, control orifice diameter, needle valve diameter and nozzle chamber initial volume, etc. Parametric investigation with respect to twelve relevant injection parameters showed that there was a significant advantage in varying control chamber initial volume, control chamber orifice diameter, and nozzle chamber orifice diameter with respect to effect the SMD and fuel injection speed. Consequently, in order to design the fuel injection system for spray characteristics, it seems reasonable to suppose to be optimized the fuel injection system.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.824-833
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• 2012

The shrinkage and the warpage of the moulded part are influenced by the design of the product and injection mould. In a flat part with a partly thick volume, the warpage of the flat part is created from the difference of the shrinkage between thin and thick regions. The warpage of the flat part with a partly thick volume can be reduced by a proper design of the cooling system in the injection mould. The goal of this paper is to design properly cooling channels of injection mould to manufacture a flat part with a partly thick volume. The conformal cooling channel is adopted to improve cooling characteristics of a region with the thick volume. The linear cooling channels are assigned to the other region. The proper design of the conformal cooling channels is obtained from three-dimensional injection molding analysis for various design alternatives. The moulding characteristics of the designed mould with both conformal and linear cooling channels are compared to those of the mould with linear cooling channels from viewpoints of temperature, shrinkage and warpage of the moulded part using numerical analysis. Injection mould with both conformal and linear cooling channels for the flat part with a partially thick volume is fabricated. In addition, injection moulding experiments are performed using the fabricated mould. From the results of the injection moulding experiments, it has been shown that the designed mould can successfully fabricate the flat part with a partially thick volume.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2000

Testing the volume of injection in container is to ensure that the nominal content of a container can be administered to the patient. The method to test the volume of injection in container is described in European Pharmacopeia (EP) and United States Pharmacopeia (USP). However there is no method to test the volume of injection in Korean Pharmacopeia (KP). So we surveyed the method practiced by 53 pharmaceutical companies in Korea by a questionnaire and tested commercially available injections by discharged volume. As the result, we agreed with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) test method for discharged volume. It was suggested that the ICH test method for discharged volume of injection in container would be adopted.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2006

본 논문은 터널 콘크리트 구조물의 보수를 위한 무기계 균열주입기술의 표준화에 관한 연구이다. 본 연구를 위하여 균열보수공사가 필요한 터널 라이닝 및 박스 구조물을 선정하여, 균열폭에 따른 주입량, 주입시간 및 주입압력, 주입압력과 주입시간, 구조물 규모에 따른 주입량, 구조물별 균열 위치에 따른 주입량, 균열폭 및 구조물 두께와 주입시간의 관계에 관하여, 현장 조사와 시험평가를 수행하여 구조물의 종류 및 균열의 크기에 따른 균열보수재의 주입압력, 주입량 및 주입시간 등을 명확히 파악하였다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제32권A호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2012

Carboxy-guns are used for rapid and precise injection of $CO_2$ gas to the target skin area using external power source. In the design of carboxy-gun, the most important thing is how to precisely control injection volume of $CO_2$ gas. This paper deals with the control scheme of injection volume of carboxy-gun using solenoid valve. First the amount of volume that passes through the solenoid valve under on-off time ratio control is estimated based on the assumption of compressible gas flow. The flow rate of gas is experimentally measured under the varying pressure of the gas reservoir. Two results showed good correlation to each other, thus demonstrating the validity of the volume control strategy.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.102-109
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• 1994

As a fundamental study to apply high pressure injection system to direct injection diesel engine, fuel injection system and constant volume combustion chamber were made and the behaviors of evaporating spray with the variation of injection pressure and the ambient gas temperature were observed by using high speed camera, and the combusion characteristics with the variation of injection pressure and A/F ratio were analyzed. As injection pressure increases, spray tip penetration and spray angle increase and, as a results spray volume increases. This helps an uniform mixing of fuel and air. Spray liquid core length decreases as ambient gas temperature increases, while it decreases as injection pressure increases but the effect of ambient gas temperature is dorminant. As injection pressure increases, ignition delay is shortened and combustion rate being raised, maximum heat release rate increases. It become clear that High injection pressure has high level of potential to improve the performance of DI-diesel engine.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of physical properties of fuels on spray characteristics in the gasoline direct injection system. Injection rate, spray visualization, and spray pattern experiments were performed to analyze the spray characteristics of ethanol, gasoline, and ethanol/gasoline blends. We measured injection rate of each fuel via the Bosch method. The spray visualization experiment was also carried out at atmospheric pressure using a high-speed camera. Finally, the average of drop surface area per unit volume was measured using the optical patternator. The experimental results from Bosch method showed that peak injection rate increased when the volume fraction of ethanol increased. In addition, higher viscosity of ethanol than that of gasoline leads to longer injection delay. At the initial injection region before reaching 0.8 ms, the spray tip penetration becomes longer as increasing the volume fraction of ethanol, but reversely shorter after 0.8 ms. It was found that ethanol makes spray angle become larger. The surface area per unit volume of the drop was decreased as the distance from the injection tip or the concentration of the gasoline increased.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.444-453
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• 2015

In the previous study, several problems were observed in a NG conversion vehicle, which were fail of air-fuel ratio closed loop control, aggravated fuel economy, increased harmful emission and declined roadability. It was provisionally supposed that the mismatch of injection system with the engine caused these performance deterioration. In this context, the characteristics of fuel injection system of commercial conversion kit for NG were investigated experimentally varying the engine speed, fuel rail pressure and volume. The results are as follows; The injection quantity decreases as the engine speed increases due to the extremely small rail volume of the presenting system and flow rate of No. 2 injector are always lower than that of the other ones regardless of the speed under the dynamic operation condition. Furthermore the existing system does not meet the required fuel quantity for the normal engine operation over 3000 RPM. On the other hands, the large rail volume systems ease and/or eliminate the difference of injection quantity between the injectors according to the speed variation, however, these systems decrease injection flow rate and still cannot supply sufficient fuel. Finally, suitable combination of the higher rail pressure and the larger rail volume might be a solution about these problems.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.466-475
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• 2009

A numerical analysis of reactive flow in a liftoff flame is accomplished to elucidate the characteristics of flame propagation velocity and volume integral of reaction rate with the variation of fuel injection velocity at the fuel rich region, fuel lean region and diffusion flame region. The increase of fuel injection velocity enhances flame propagation velocity, but its effect on the flame propagation velocity is not much greater under 4%. The increase of fuel injection velocity affects directly and linearly on the flame surface area in the fuel rich region and so enhances volume integral of reaction rate to accommodate the increment of fuel.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.5-19
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 편마암지역의 NATM 해저터널 막장 9개소에서 실시한 차수 주입홀 315공에 대한 주입재 주입량에 대하여 RMR 분류요소들과 주입재 주입량, 루전값과 RQD, 루전값과 시멘트 주입량의 상관관계를 분석하여 암반 차수 주입 효과를 연구하였다. 연구대상 해저터널에서 막장별 주입재 총주입량은 일부 막장에서 다소 변화폭은 있으나, 불연속면의 간격(R3, Js)과 지하수상태(R5)에서 분류요소의 평점이 높을수록 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 막장별 총주입량은 RMR 분류요소들보다는 탄성파탐사(3D, TSP)의 지질이상대 및 감지공의 유입량과 상관관계가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 단위주입량은 불연속면의 상태(Jc, R4)의 풍화도를 제외한 RMR 분류요소들에서 평점이 높을수록 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. RQD와 루전값은 상관관계가 크지 않으나, RQD 값이 클수록 루전값이 감소하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다.