• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.706-713
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• 2010

Objectives : The source is from the flower of Carthamus tinctorius L., family Compositae. It is used in clinical medicine to promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, promote menstruation and alleviate pain. In the present study, we investigated the genome wide analysis of Carthami Flos on the intra-cranial hemorrhage(ICH) model. Methods : ICH in rat was induced by injection of collagenase type IV and Carthami Flos extract(CFe) was administered orally. The molecular profile of cerebral hemorrhage in rat brain tissue was measured using microarray technique to identify up- or down- regulated genes in brain tissue. Results : Expression profile showed that diverse genes were up- or down-regulated by ICH induction. Administration of CFe restored the expression level of some of altered genes by ICH to normal expressional level. Interestingly, these recovered genes by CFe were involved in the same biological pathways which were significantly activated or suppressed by ICH. Conclusion : The above results might explain the therapeutic mechanism of CFe on ICH. Further, by analyzing interaction network, core genes was identified which could be key molecular targets of CFe against ICH.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 1989

지연성 호흡저하의 위험성이 없으며 중추신경계에 작용하는 혈압강하제인 Clonidine을 경막외강으로 주입한 강우의 진통효과를 알아보고자 미추마취를 시행할 항문질환 환자 40명을 대상으로 I군(1.33% Lidocaine 15ml)과 II군(1.33% Lidocaine 15ml+Clonidine $75{\mu}g$.)으로 나누어 수술후 진통효과를 관찰해 보았던 바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Lidocaine단독 주입한 I군에서는 평균 마취시간이 2.42시간이었다. 2. Clonidine $75{\mu}g$을 혼합 주입한 II군의 경우에는 평균 진통시간이 7.32시간이었다. 3. Clonidine을 혼합 주입한 미추마취경우에 진정제 정주로 환자가 수면상태로 된 후 심한 혈압강하 및 맥박감소가 있었으나 Clonidine의 효과인지 진정효과에 인한 변화인지는 알 수 없었으며 진정제를 투여하지 않은 경우에는 혈압강하 및 맥박 감소가 초래되지 않았다. 4. 수술후 Clonidine과 관련된 특별한 증상은 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 항문질환 수술후 특히 외래환자의 차원에서 술후 진통을 위한 방법으로는 지연성 호흡저하 및 뇨정체등의 부작용이 없는 Clonidine의 천골강내 투여방법이 바람직한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.597-605
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• 2000

There has been several usual ways to cure pain in osteological muscle: use oral medicine or injection, or apply medicine to a sore place. The purpose of this study was to examine, by using thermometer and digital infrared thermographic imaging, how much the permeation of aceclofenac, an anodyne and antiphlogistic, into sore skin brought a change to skin temperature after that was' applied to it. The findings of this study were as below; 1. A cream made of aceclofenac yielded $0.61^{\circ}C$ difference in temperature, but the difference wasn't statistically significant. 2. An aceclofenac to which oleic acid was added went through microemulsion and applied, and there was $0.3^{\circ}C$ change in temperature, the biggest significant difference(P<.05), after approximately 15 minutes passed. 3. An aceclofenac to which labrasol was added went through microemulsion and applied, and there was a growing rise in temperature with the lapse of time. After 30 minutes passed, the final temperature showed $1.25^{\circ}C$ rise, which was a significant change(P<.05). 4. As the temperature was measured by digital infrared thermographic imaging, there was about $3.97^{\circ}C$ fall, the biggest change, which was significant(P<.05). The findings of this study suggested that the application of aceclofenac to sore skin caused a change in skin temperature, as that permeated into it.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2014

Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a health problem which occurs during any phase of the sexual response cycle that keeps the individual or couple from experiencing satisfaction from the sexual activity. SD covers a wide variety of symptoms like in men, erectile dysfunction and premature or delayed ejaculation, in women, spasms of the vagina and pain with sexual intercourse, in both sexes, sexual desire and response. And pharmacopuncture, i.e. injection of subclinical doses of drugs, mostly herb medicine, in acupoints, has been adopted with successful results. This case report showed the effect of bee venom on SD. A 51-year-old male patient with SD, who had a past history of taking Western medication to treat his SD and who had previously undergone surgery on his lower back due to a herniated disc, received treatments using pharmacopuncture of sweet bee venom (SBV) at Gwanwon (CV4), Hoeeum (CV1), Sinsu (BL23), and Gihaesu (BL24) for 20 days. Objectively, the patient showed improvement on most items on the International Index for Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF) like 28 to 29 out of perfect score 30 for erectile function, 10 to 10 out of perfect score 10 for orgasmic function, 6 to 8 out of perfect score 10 for sexual desire, 10 to 13 out of perfect score 15 for satisfaction with intercourse, and 6 to 8 out of perfect score 10 for overall satisfaction; subjectively, his words, the tone of his voice and the look of confidence in his eyes all indicated improvement. Among the variety of effects of SBV pharmacopuncture, urogenital problems such as SD may be health problems that pharmacopuncture can treat effectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 1993

This study was made to understand a hypoglycemic action of the fat soluble fraction of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by determining the activities of several enzymes related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as several blood component levels such as glucose and ketone bodies, and non-esterified fatty acids. Albino rats (Sprague Dawley, 170-200g, 3) were injected once with 70mg streptozotocinhg body weight intraperitoneally and fed with ordinary diet for 7 days, and then the fat soluble fraction (5 mg~20 mg/day/rat) was injected intraperitoneally once a day for three days to rats having high blood glucose level over 340 mg/100ml. After a final injection of the fat soluble fraction, rats u.ere starved for 16 hours followed by the analysis of blood serum and liver enzymes. It was found that increased levels of glucose, ketone bodies and free fatty acids in streptozotocin induced rats were decreased appreciably by administration of the fat soluble fraction. However, the amount of administered fat soluble fraction did not show any significantly different hypoglycemic action. Decreased activities of glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and acetyl CoA carboxylase of the liver of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were greatly modified suggesting that a hypoglycemic action of the fat soluble fraction was also appreciable as ginseng saponin fraction. We also compared a hypoglycemic action of the fat soluble fraction prepared from American ginseng and Chinese ginseng with that of Korean pain ginseng. 핀o significant difference of the hypoglycemic activity was observed between the above ginseng fat soluble fractions, suggesting that a study of the fat soluble fraction might be one of the most interesting subjects relating to diabetic hyperglycemia in the near future.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2007

It has been well known that excitatory amino acids, primarily glutamate, are involved in the transmission of nociception in pathological and physiological conditions in the spinal and brainstem level. Recently, peripheral glutamate also play a critical role in the peripheral nociceptive transmissions. The present study investigated the role of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) or non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors in formalin-induced TMJ pain. Experiments were carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-280 g. Intra-articular injection was performed under halothane anesthesia. Under anesthesia, AP-7 (10, $100\;{\mu}M$, $1\;mM/20\;{\mu}L$), a NMDA receptor antagonist, or CNQX disodium salt (0.5, 5, 50, $500\;{\mu}M/20\;{\mu}L$), a non-NMDA receptor antagonist, were administered intra-articularly 10 min prior to the application of 5% formalin. For each animal, the number of behavioral responses, such as rubbing and/or scratching the TMJ region, was recorded for nine successive 5-min intervals. Intra-articular pretreatment with 1 mM of AP-7 or $50\;{\mu}M$ CNQX significantly decreased the formalin-induced scratching behavioral responses during the second phase. Intra-articular pretreatment with $500\;{\mu}M$ of CNQX significantly decreased the formalin-induced scratching behavior during both the first and the second phase. These results indicate that the intra-articular administration of NMDA or non-NMDA receptor antagonists inhibit formalin-induced TMJ nociception, and peripheral ionotropic glutamate receptors may play an important role in the TMJ nociception.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.284-294
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• 2012

Objectives: The anterior open bite with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is one of the most challenging cases both orthodontically and surgically. We introduce an intermaxillary traction treatment for patients with anterior open bite and TMD using a skeletal anchorage system (SAS). Materials and Methods: This study was comprised of 52 patients with anterior open bite and TMD. A total of four mini-screws were inserted, two screws each into the maxilla and mandible, to obtain a class II pattern of elastic application with 120-200 g force. Adjunctive muscle relaxation treatments, such as splint therapy, medication, and botulinum toxin injection were applied during or before intermaxillary traction. At least one treatment among adjunctive muscle relaxation treatment, mentioned above, was applied to 96.2% of patients. We evaluated the clinical characteristics of patients, TMD symptom changes, amount of open bite improved. The degree of open bite improvement was compared between the open bite-reduced group (21 patients) and not-reduced group (5 patients). Results: TMD symptoms (muscle/joint pain, joint sound, mouth opening) remained or improved in most patients, and worsened in about 10% of patients for each items. Anterior open bite was improved by a mean of 1.75 mm (P<0.01) during treatment. The open bite-reduced group exhibited a significant open bite improvement compared to the not-reduced group (P<0.05), with 37% of open bite improvement occurring during the first 3 months of treatment. Conclusion: The intermaxillary traction technique using SAS is a valid modality for correction of anterior open bite and improvement of TMD symptoms.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2000

In this experiment, we examined the the effect of Laetrile Oil to the immune system and tried to disclose the anti-cancer mechanism of this. The result is listed as below. 1. After per-os, sub-cutaneous and into the peritoneal injection of Laetrile Oil to the SPF mice, the LD50 is above 5000mg/kg at even group. 2. Mean survival days of mice treated with laetril oil, after S-180 cells transplantation into the peritoneal cavity decreases 1.5 days(-6.8%) compared with the Mean survival days of the control group(22days.) 3. Effects of laetril oil on natural killer cell activity at Effector/Target Cell Ratio with 100:1, 50:1, 10:1 into methotrexate-pretreated mice is like this.: Compared with $29.22\pm12.7\%$ Cytotoxicity of the control group, sample group's Cytotoxicity had $38.83{\pm}12.5%$ of meaningful acrease. At 100:1 Effecr/Target Cell Ratio. At 50:1 Effector/Target Cell Ratio, control group has $20.02{\pm}9.6%$ Cytotoxiciy and sample group had $31.53{\pm}13.4%$ Cytotoxicity. At 25:1 Effector/Target Cell Ratio control group has $13.60{\pm}6.6%$ Cytotoxicity and sample group had $20.81{\pm}9.8%$ Cytotoxicity According to the above results, the Laetrile Oil represents nontotoxic to a SPF mice. non-effective to transplantable Sarcoma 180 tumors, and activaion in NK cell activity.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2006

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is one of the important mediators in generating inflammation and immune responses. To address the role of Stat4 in carrageenan induced acute inflammation, we performed paw edema measurement and 7.4 k mouse cDNA microarray analysis in carrageenan induced acute inflammation in Stat4 knockout (-/-) mice. Male BALB/c (n=8) and Stat4 -/- (n=5) were used and paw edema was induced with injection of $30\;{\mu}L$ of 1% carrageenan into plantar surface of right hind paw. Next, we isolated the mRNA in mouse whole brain and analyzed cDNA microarray profiles for the changes of the brain expression in Stat4 -/- mice. Interestingly, the increase in paw volume of Stat4 -/- mice was reduced by about 30% as compared to that of wild type. The cDNA microarray analysis revealed the altered expressions of several cytokines (Tnf, Il6, and Il4) and pain-associated proteins (Ptgs2, Gabra6, and Gabbr1) in Stat4 -/- mice. Our results suggest that Stat4 may be related to the inhibitory responses on carrageenan induced acute inflammation.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2014

암의 다발성 뼈 전이는 폐암, 유방암, 전립선암, 신장암 등 다양한 암에서 흔히 관찰된다. 뼈 전이는 뼈에 발생한 이차적인 암으로 통증, 골절, 그리고 체중을 지지하는 뼈의 불안정성을 유발할 수 있어 신체활동과 삶의 질을 저하시킨다. 뼈 전이 치료 시 병리조직소견, 환자의 전신 상태, 침범 부위, 그리고 환자의 신경학적 소견등 다양한 요인을 고려하여 진통제, 수술, 항암화학요법 그리고 방사선 치료 등을 시행하게 된다. 외부 방사선 치료는 전통적으로 국소 뼈 전이로 인한 통증의 치료에 이용되어왔지만 특히 유방암이나 전립선암의 다발성 골형성 뼈 전이의 경우 $^{89}Sr$, $^{186}Re$, $^{188}Re$, $^{153}Sm$ and $^{117m}Sn$ 등의 방사성동위원소를 이용한 치료가 시행되고 있는데, 약제 투여의 간편함, 낮은 부작용, 방사능 피폭위험에서의 안전성, 높은 치료 반응 등 다양한 장점을 가진 치료로 임상에서의 유용성이 점차 증가되고 있다.