• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2009

This study proposes a new stratified charge system for low emission and ultra lean burn. In order to examine combustion characteristics of the new system, sparkplug with a hole at positive pole and a common CNG injector for injecting fuel were used in this study as injector-type spark plug. The new stratified charge system injects fuel of extremely small quantities and ignites mixture around sparkplug gap. Also, the system was fitted in a visualized constant volume chamber. Then, for analysis of the combustion characteristics, we examined combustion pressure, lean inflammable limit, and visualized combustion flame according to equivalence ratio by comparison with homogeneous charge (HC) method and the new stratified charge (SC) method. As results of this study, in the case of using this system, the propagation speed of initial flame was increased and total combustion period was reduced in the ultra lean burn in the same equivalence ratio. These phenomena occurred clearly under the conditions of lean equivalence ratio. Furthermore, the lean inflammable limit of mixture was extended by using the injector-type spark plug.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 EURO5형 엔진의 오버플루밸브 성능평가를 위해 IEEE802 프로토콜기반의 성능평가 및 모니터링 시스템을 개발한다. 기존 EURO3 및 4형 자동차 엔진의 친환경 조건이 강화됨에 따라 엔진오일의 안정한 주입분사가 가능하도록 EURO5 오버플로 밸브를 설계하였다. 오버플로를 생산하는 기술은 정해진 규격에 맞는 제품이 되도록 정밀한 측정의 평가시스템 개발이 중요하다. 특히 정밀제어에 따른 성능평가는 연비가 향상되고, 환경규제를 만족한다. 이에 정밀측정 성능검사기는 10cc 미만에서 3.0 bar, 150 cc 이상에서 3.3 bar, 250 cc이상에서 4.0 bar를 사용하여 시험하고, 평가 알고리즘을 제시한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2019

It is important to clarify the mechanisms of molten-fuel-pool sloshing behavior that might be encountered during a core disruptive accident of sodium-cooled fast reactors. In this study, motivated by acquiring some evidence for understanding the characteristics of this behavior at more realistic conditions, a number of experiments are newly performed by injecting nitrogen gas into a water pool with the accumulation of solid particles. To achieve comprehensive understanding, various parameters including particle bed height, particle size, density, shape, gas pressure along with the gas-injection duration, were employed. It is found that due to the different interaction mechanisms between solid particles and the gas bubble injected, three kinds of regimes, termed respectively as the bubble-impulsion dominant regime, the transitional regime and the bed-inertia dominant regime, could be identified. The performed analyses also suggest that under present conditions, all our experimental parameters employed can have noticeable impact on the regime transition and resultant sloshing intensity (e.g. maximum elevation of water level at pool peripheries). Knowledge and fundamental data from this work will be used for the future verifications of fast reactor severe accident codes in China.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제37회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.685-693
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• 2011

에너지기후시대에 신에너지원 발굴, 저탄소 녹색성장의 일환으로 석탄 IGCC기술이 개발 중에 있다. 본 연구는 IGCC기술 중 가스화기에서 생산된 합성가스를 가스터빈에 직접 주입시 생길 수 있는 문제점을 미리 파악하고, 그 연소특성자료를 축적하기 위해 수행되었다. GE7EA연소기를 대상으로한 상압 및 고압연소실험을 통해 합성가스의 기본적인 연소특성을 파악하였으며, 수소화염이 과다한 NOx발생의 원인임을 파악하고, 질소희석을 통해 NOx배출량을 제어할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 연소진동은 크게 발생치 않음을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 축적된 시험 데이터는 2015년에 국내 최초로 준공예정인 태안 IGCC플랜트에 연소진단시스템 및 최적화 기술적용시 활용된 예정이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

A series of experiments using transparent micromodels with an artificial pore network etched on glass plates was performed to investigate the effects of flow rate on the migration and distribution of resident wetting porewater (deionized water) and injecting non-wetting fluid (n-hexane). Multicolored images transformed from real RGB images were used to distinguish n-hexane from porewater and pore structure. Hexane flooding followed by immiscible displacement with porewater, migration through capillary fingering, preferential flow and bypassing were observed during injection experiments. The areal displacement efficiency increases as the injection of n-hexane continues until the equilibrium reaches. Experimental results showed that the areal displacement efficiency at equilibrium increases as the flow rate increases. Close observation reveals that preferential flowpaths through larger pore bodies and throats and clusters of entrapped porewater were frequently created at lower flow rate. At higher flow rate, randomly oriented forward and lateral flowpaths of n-hexane displaces more porewater at an efficiency close to stable displacement. It may resulted from that the pore pressure of n-hexane, at higher flow rate, increases fast enough to overcome capillary pressure acting on smaller pore throats as well larger ones. Experimental results in this study may provide fundamental information on migration and distribution of immiscible fluids in subsurface porous media.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2014

As a demand for an automobile increases, air pollution and a problem of the energy resources come to the fore in the world. Consequently, governments of every country established ordinances for green-house gas reduction and improvement of air pollution problem. Especially, as international oil price increases, engine using clean energy are being developed competitively with alternative transportation energy sources development policy as the center. Bio ethanol, one of the renewable energy produced from biomass, gained spotlight for transportation energy sources. Studies are in progress to improve fuel supply methods and combustion methods which are key features, one of the engine technologies. DI(Direct Injection), which can reduce fuel consumption rate by injecting fuel directly into the cylinder, is being studied for Green-house gas reduction and fuel economy enhancement at SI(Spark Ignition). GDI(Galoine Direct Injection) has an advantage to meet the regulations for fuel efficiency and $CO_2$ emissions. However it produces increased number of ultrafine particles, that yet received attention in the existing port-injection system, and NOX. As fuel is injected into the cylinder with high-pressure, a proper injection strategy is required by characteristics of a fuel. Especially, when alcohol type fuel is considered. In this study, we tried to get a base data bio-ethanol mixture in GDI, and combustion for optimization. We set fuel mixture rate and fuel injection pressure as parameters and took a picture with a high speed camera after gasoline-ethanol mixture fuel was injected into a constant volume combustion chamber. We figured out spraying characteristic according to parameters. Also, we determine combustion characteristics by measuring emissions and analyzing combustion.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.391-399
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• 2016

In this study, carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) was used as an inhibitor of scale production on the surface of RO membrane. In order to compare the effects of $CO_2$ injection on scale production, four RO modules: 1) without $CO_2$ injection and anti-scalant (RO module #1), 2) with only $CO_2$ injection (RO module #2), 3) with only anti-scalant (RO module #3), 4) with both $CO_2$ injection and anti-scalant (RO module #4), were operated for 60 days under constant flux mode. The trans-membrane pressure (TMP) was observed to decrease significantly in RO modules with $CO_2$ injection as compared with the other RO modules. When the feed water pH was controlled at 5.0 by injecting $CO_2$, the maximum TMP in RO modules #2 and #4 was founded to decrease by 42 and 40%, respectively. Moreover, the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in the concentrate was 20mg/L lower in RO modules without $CO_2$ injection which is attributed to the scale formation on the surface of the RO membranes. The SEM-EDS analysis further showed a serious fouled RO membrane surface in RO modules #1 and #3.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2022

상수도관망은 대표적인 사회기반시설로 수원에서 수용가에게 물을 공급하는 과정에서 병원성 미생물을 소독하기 위해 염소를 주입한다. 안전한 물의 공급을 위해 잔류염소 농도 기준(0.1-4.0 mg/L)을 유지하도록 규정하고 있으나, 사용자의 사용 패턴, 수령, 상수도관망의 형식 및 특징은 수리학적(i.e., 절점의 압력, 관로의 유속) 및 수질적(i.e., 잔류염소 농도) 특징에 영향을 미친다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 Multi-objective Harmony Search (MOHS)를 사용하여 수질-수리 인자를 고려한 상수도관망 최적 설계 기법을 개발하였다. 설계인자로는 설계비용과 시스템 탄력성을 고려하였으며, 절점의 압력과 잔류염소 농도를 제약조건으로 적용하였다. 도출된 최적설계안은 상수도관망의 형식 및 특징에 따라 분석하였다. 이러한 최적설계안은 경제적인 측면과 수질 측면의 안전성을 충족할 수 있으며, 사용자의 사용성을 증가시킬 수 있다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2022

암반 그라우팅은 시설물 지반의 안정성을 향상시키는 보강 및 재해방지 대책으로서의 적용성이 날로 증가하고 있으나, 현장에서의 그라우팅은 대부분 경험에 의존하는 바 가이드라인으로 사용할 수 있는 주요 계획인자에 대한 최소 기준값이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 암반 그라우팅 계획에 있어 중요한 인자인 주입조건(물-시멘트비, 주입압, 단위 시멘트 주입량)과 그라우팅 효과(변형계수와 투수성)에 대한 기준값을 제시하였다. 제시된 기준값들은 국내외 수압파쇄시험 및 암반 투수시험 자료, 국내외 17개 현장의 그라우팅 시험시공 자료, 그리고 국내외 기준 및 연구를 분석한 결과이다. 또한 그라우팅 효과를 제고하기 위한 안정한 주입재의 조건에 부합하도록 국내의 높은 물-시멘트비는 조정되어야 하며, 조정된 물-시멘트비 적용에 따른 기준값 조정방안도 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 결과 역시 경험의존적인 측면이 있지만, 현재 기준 보다 합리적인 그라우팅 계획의 기준을 제시를 위한 향후 세부연구의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2023

Injection molding is a process widely used in various industries because of its high production speed and ease of mass production during the plastic manufacturing process, and the product is molded by injecting molten plastic into the mold at high speed and pressure. Since process conditions such as resin and mold temperature mutually affect the process and the quality of the molded product, it is difficult to accurately predict quality through mathematical or statistical methods. Recently, studies to predict the quality of injection molded products by applying artificial neural networks, which are known to be very useful for analyzing nonlinear types of problems, are actively underway. In this study, structural optimization of neural networks was conducted by applying multi-task learning techniques according to the characteristics of the input and output parameters of the artificial neural network. A structure reflecting the characteristics of each process step was applied to the input parameters, and a structure reflecting the quality characteristics of the injection molded part was applied to the output parameters using multi-tasking learning. Building an artificial neural network to predict the three qualities (mass, diameter, height) of injection-molded product under six process conditions (melt temperature, mold temperature, injection speed, packing pressure, pacing time, cooling time) and comparing its performance with the existing neural network, we observed enhancements in prediction accuracy for mass, diameter, and height by approximately 69.38%, 24.87%, and 39.87%, respectively.