• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 2003

Large sized marine structures are used under corrosion environment of seawater and applied by severe service loading such as an ocean current, a billow and a tempest. Marine structures are usually constructed by lots of thick wall steel pipes joining welded joints. The thickness of such as steel pipes is usually more than 40mm. The such as steels are called "Thermo-Mechanical Control Process steel (TMCP steel)" strengthened by a heat treatment in process of steel manufactures. The failure, especially crack initiation, of marine structures was starting at weld joints under service condition. Then they should be designed by basis of the fatigue strength under seawater corrosion environment of weld joints. To clarity the fatigue crack initiation behavior is important more than to clarify the crack propagation behavior on the strength design of marine structures, because it is very difficult to find out the crack initiation and propagation phenomena and then even if it will be able to find out, it is considered that the refit of the damaged parts of welded joints have a technical difficulty under the sea. Therefore, it is most important to clarify the corrosion fatigue crack initiation behavior under the seawater condition. But, there is one big difficulty to make a test for thick plate specimen, for example thicker than 40mm. Because, it is need large capacity loading apparatus to test such as thick plate specimen. In this research, the new configuration specimen for fatigue crack initiation tests was proposed. Using this new specimen, it is easy to carry out the fatigue clack initiation tests with relatively low cyclic loading and to observe a fatigue crack initiation behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.315-319
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• 2003

Effect of nitriding on fatigue crack initiation and growth rate has been studied in Ni-Cr-Mo steel. Specimens were nitrided at $860^{\circ}C$ for 15 hr. The fatigue limit of nitrided specimens were superior to those ofannea1ed($860^{\circ}C$, 15 hr) specimens. Based on detailed observations of slip band and micro crack initiation, it is concluded that the excellent fatigue limit of nitrided specimens is attributed to improved slip initiation resistance by nitriding. The characteristic of fatigue crack growth rate of nitrided specimens was investigated by comparing with those of annealed specimens. It was found that the crack growth rate was markedly decreased and the threshold stress intensity factor range was improved by nitriding. It is concluded that the excellent fatigue limit of nitrided specimens is also attributed to improved fatigue crack growth rate and threshold stress intensity factor range by nitriding.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.23 no.A
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• pp.3-7
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• 2003

Effect of nitriding on fatigue crack initiation and growth rate has been studied on SNCM. Specimens were nitrided for 15 hr at $860^{\circ}C$. The fatigue limit of nitrided specimens was superior to that of annealed($860^{\circ}C$, 15 hr) specimens. Based on detailed observations of slip band and micro crack initiation, it is concluded that the excellent fatigue limit of nitrided specimens is attributed to improved slip initiation resistance by nitriding. The characteristic of fatigue crack growth rate of nitrided specimens was investigated and compared with those of annealed specimens. It was found that by nitriding the crack growth rate was markedly decreased and the threshold stress intensity factor range was improved. It is concluded that the excellent fatigue limit of nitrided specimens is also attributed to improved fatigue crack growth rate and threshold stress intensity factor range by nitriding.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 1993

This study was done by ultrasonic testing. The proves used in this study were 5Z10$\times$10A70. The useful fatigue life of structural components is determined by the sum of the elapsed load cycles required to initiate a fatigue crack and to propagate the crack from subcritical size to critical dimensions. Thus, to predict the service life of many steel structures and to establish safe inspection intervals, an understanding of the Fatigue Crack Initiation and Fatigue Crack Propagation behavior in the steel is required. In the present study, the Fatigue Crack Initiation Life in SPS 5A steel was investigated by testing specimens having widely varying notch acuities. The variation in the notch acuity covered the range from notch root raidus 0.5mm to 2.5mm, and Fatigue Crack Initiation Life data were obtained in that range.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1928-1937
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• 2003

Effect of elastic modulus mismatch on the contact crack initiation is investigated to find major parameters in designing desirable surface-coated system. Silicon nitride coated soft materials with various elastic modulus mismatch, E$\_$c//E$\_$s/＝1.06∼356 are prepared for the analysis. Hertzian contact test is conducted for producing contact cracks and the acoustic emission detecting technique for measuring the critical load of crack initiation. The implication is that coating thickness and material strength are controllable parameters to prevent the initiation of contact cracks resulted from the elastic modulus mismatch in the hard ceramic coating layer on the soft materials.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.68-75
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• 2005

The fatigue life of welded joints is associated with crack initiation and propagation life. Theses cannot be easily separated, since the definition of crack initiation is vague due to the initiation of multiple cracks that are distributed randomly along the weld toes. In this paper a method involving a notch strain and fracture mechanical approach, which considers the characteristics of welded joints, e.g. welding residual stress and statistical characteristics of multiple cracks, is proposed, in an attempt to reasonably estimate these fatigue lives. The fatigue crack initiation life was evaluated statistically, e.g. the probability of failure occurrence in 2.3, 50 and $97.7\%$, in which the cyclic response of the local stress/strain hi the vicinity of the weld toes and notch factors derived by the irregular shape of the weld bead are taken into account. The fatigue crack propagation life was simulated by using Monte-Carlo method in consideration of the Ad-factor and the mechanical behavior of mutual interaction/coalescence between two adjacent cracks. The estimated total fatigue life, $(N_T)_{P50\%}$, as a sum of crack initiation and propagation life under the probability of failure occurrence in $50\%$ showed a good agreement with the experimental results. The developed technique for fatigue lift estimation enables to provide a quantitative proportion of crack initiation and propagation life in the total fatigue life due to the nominal stress range, ${\Delta}S$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.842-849
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• 1997

The aim of this study is an investigation of the interaction of two micro hole defects affecting fatigue crack initation life and propagation behavior. The locatio of two micro hole defects was considered as an angle of alignment and the distance between the centers of two micro hole defects. The fatigue cracking behavior is experimented under bending. When micro defects are located close to each other, the fatigue crack initiation lives are varied with their relative locations. In the experiments, the area of local plastic strain strongly played a role in the fatigue crack initiation lives. Therefore we introduce a parameter which contains the plastic deformation area at stress concentrations and propose a fatigue crack initiation life prediction curve. In addition, the directions and propagation rates of fatigue cracks initiated at two micro hole defects are studied experimentally.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.5 s.176
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• pp.1288-1296
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• 2000

In this study, fatigue crack behavior between arbitrarily located defects was investigated by experiment. Especially, stress interaction between micro hole defects and fatigue cracking, and fatigue crack initiation life following the variation of location of micro hole defects were considered. In addition, crack initiation position by micro hole stress interaction and the relationship between stress concentration factor and fatigue initiation life are studied in detail.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.136-137
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• 2006

Crack initiation and short crack propagation was studied on the polished notched surfaces of Cr-Mo prealloy sintered steels with 7.35 $g.cm^{-3}$ sintered density. An ultrasonic resonance test system operating in push-pull mode at 20 kHz and R=-1 was used. It showed that crack initiation took place in several places, small cracks growing oriented to the local pore structure rather than to stress orientation. Their growth rate is markedly higher than the corresponding one of long cracks. Finally, several microcracks join to form a dominant crack.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 2001

The factor affecting on the fatigue strength of spot welded specimen have been studied. To analyze and predict crack initiation position and propagation directions on the spot welded area are very important for strength design of the automobile body structure. In fact, there are a various of loads in running automobile but, it is impossible to replay like an actual conditions in the laboratory. So, in this study tensile-shear type and in-plane bending type specimens were used in fatigue test and includes an analysis of fatigue crack initiation position and propagation directions about earth specimens. The results obtained in the present study are summarized as follows: 1. In tensile-shear type fatigue test, the region of fatigue crack initiation position was affected by out-of-plane bending deformation due to bending angle. 2 In in-plane bending type fatigue test, the behavior of fatigue crack initiation position and propagation derections due to angle between upper plate and lower plate was dominated by magnitude of in-plane bending moment.