• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.139-150
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• 1999

The swelling pressure of a potential buffer material was measured and the effect of dry density, bentonite content and initial water content on the swelling pressure was investigated to provide the information for the selection of buffer material in a high-level waste repository. Swelling tests were carried out according to Box-Behnken's experimental design. Measured swelling pressures were in the wide range of 0.7 Kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 190.2 Kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ under given experimental conditions. Based upon the experimental data, a 3-factor polynomial swelling model was suggested to analyze the effect of dry density, bentonite content and initial water content on the swelling pressure The swelling pressure increased with an increase in the dry density and bentonite content, while it decreased with increasing the initial water content and, beyond about 12 wt.% of the initial water content, levelled off to nearly constant value.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.158-167
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• 1999

In parallel flow condition, to estimate the stability of the extended embankment constructed on a permeable foundation ground, a laboratory model test was performed due to extended materials and water level increasing velocity of a flood period. A laboratory model test was peformed for different permeability coefficients ($K_1=2.0{\times}10^{-5}cm/sec,\;K_2=1.5{\times}10^{-4}cm/sec,\;K_3=2.3{\times}10^{-3}cm/sec$) using seepage. The fluctuation of water level occurring to an extended embankment was analyzed by laboratory model tests as vary the increasing velocity of water level with 0.6cm/min, 1.2cm/min, 2.4cm/min respectively. In analysis results, the increase of water level into embankment occurs rapidly because seepage water moving along with a permeable soil flow into embankment. The larger the permeability coefficient of an extended part is the longer initial seepage distance, and the exit point of downstream slope is gradually increased and then shows unstable seepage behavior as occurring partial collapse. As the increasing velocity of water level increase, the initial seepage line is formed low, and the discharge increases. Therefore, the embankment extended by a lower permeable soil than existing embankment shows stable seepage behavior because an existing embankment plays a role as filter for an extended part.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2009

A set of experiments has been conducted on the performance sensitivity of the passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) for an advanced integral type reactor, SMART, by using a high temperature and high pressure thermal-hydraulic test facility, the VISTA facility. In this paper the effects of the opening delay of the PRHRS bypass valves and the closing delay of the secondary system isolation valves, and the initial water level and the initial pressure of the compensating tank (CT) are investigated. During the reference test a stable flow occurs in a natural circulation loop that is composed of a steam generator secondary side, a secondary system, and a PRHRS; this is ascertained by a repetition test. When the PRHRS bypass valves are operated 10 seconds later than the secondary system isolation valves, the primary system is not properly cooled. When the secondary system isolation valves are operated 10 or 30 seconds later than the PRHRS bypass valves, the primary system is effectively cooled but the inventory of the PRHRS CT is drained earlier. As the initial water level of the CT is lowered to 16% of the full water level, the water is quickly drained and then nitrogen gas is introduced into the PRHRS, resulting in the deterioration of the PRHRS performance. When the initial pressure of the PRHRS is at 0.1MPa, the natural circulation is not performed properly. When the initial pressures of the PRHRS are 2.5 or 3.5 MPa, they show better performance than did the reference test.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.463-472
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• 1996

Experiments were carried out to study the operation characteristics of a regenerator with a thermo-syphon pump and a surface-flame burner for a lithium bromide (LiBr)-water absorption heat pump. A cylindrical-shape metal-fiber burner and commercial grade propane were used. The emission of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide was measured by a combustion gas analyzer. Ther regeneration rate of water vapor as a refrigerant was measured. It could be as a reference value showing the performance of the regenerator. The circulation rate of the LiBr-water solution was also measured from both the tanks for the weak-and the strong-solution. Using a refractometer, the LiBr concetration in the solution was calculated from the measured refractory index of the solution. Temperature of the solution and the condensed water was recorded at several points in the experimental apparatus with thermocouples, using a personal computer. This data collecting system for measuring temperature was calibrated with a set of standard thermometers. The generating rate of water vapor as refrigerant increased linearly with heat supplied. It was about 4.0g/s with the heat supplied at a rate of 16,500kcal/h. The circulation rate of LiBr solution also increases with the heat supplied. The difference in LiBr concentrations between the weak and the strong solution was in the range of 1 to 5% when the concentration of the strong solution was about 60%. It was dependent upon both the heat supplied and the circulation rate of the solution. The initial concentration and the level of the LiBr solution in the regenerator were measured and recorded before experiments. The effect of them on the generating rate of water vapor and the circulation rate of the solution was also studied. The generating rate of water vapor was not strongly dependent upon both the level of the LiBr solution and the initial LiBr concentration. However, the concentration difference of the solution increases with the initial level of the LiBr solution.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.110-115
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• 1998

본 논문에는 매립장의 높은 침출수위를 저감시키기 위한 복토재의 기능을 분석하기 위하여 매립장의 침출수지 분석 프로그램인 HELP를 이용 복토재 및 폐기물의 수리특성인 간극률, 투수계수, 포장용수량, 위조계수, 초기함수비에 대한 침출수위의 민감도를 분석하고 흙복토재의 다짐에의한 밀도-투수계수-포장용수량의 변화, 현장 초기함수비와 포장용수량의 차가 누적 침출수위 형성에 미치는 영향을 시험 및 수치해석을 통하여 분석하였다. 민감도 해석결과 복토재와 폐기물 모두 간극률과 위조계수의 증가는 침출수위를 감소시키며 포장용수량과 투수계수의 증가는 침출수위를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났으며 침출수위에 영향을 크게 미치는 인자는 복토재의 경우 투수계수, 페기물의 경우는 간극률, 포장용수량, 초기함수비인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1076-1082
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• 2006

This study measured the change of media properties using Time domain Reflectometry (TDR) and Tensionmeter (TM) to measure volumetric water content of soil affecting in land subsidence and pollutant diffusion under saturation/unsaturated condition by water-level fluctuations. Also, actual water content compared their changes aspect by dry oven test for quantitative determinations of these measured values. In the case of TM, initial unsaturated condition confirmed that range in dimension of each other different according to their establishment depth, but measured values of TM can know that is shown measured value in almost similar measuring range under drain condition after the first injection. Also, the results of TDR showed that can measure enough change of volumetric water content in saturation/unsaturated condition by water-level fluctuations. Therefore, we are judged that TDR measurement equipment is very effective to measure the variations of volumetric water content and water-level being caused in groundwater level fluctuations.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권5_4호
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• pp.1245-1254
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 CCTV 영상을 이용한 기존 수위감지 알고리즘의 한계점을 보완하기 위하여 Region growing 기법을 적용하였다. 먼저 세 가지 기법(수평 투영 프로파일, Texture 분석, Optical flow)을 적용해 물 영역을 추정하고, 기법별 결과를 종합 분석하여 최초 수위를 설정하였다. 이후 최초 수위를 기준으로 Region growing을 통해 수위 변화를 지속적으로 감지하도록 하였다. 그 결과, 주변 환경요인에 영향 없이 수위를 올바르게 감지하였으며, 영상분석 결과에 대한 전반적인 오차 평균은 5% 미만인 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 본 알고리즘이 하천이 아닌 도심지 내 침수 도로 영상에서도 물 영역이 감지되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 전국에 설치된 수많은 CCTV 영상을 통해 자동적으로 수위를 감지함으로써 제한된 인력으로 상시 모니터링이 어려웠던 점을 보완할 수 있으며, 집중호우, 태풍 등으로 인해 발생되는 사고발생 위험성을 사전에 인지하여 예방할 수 있는 기반을 마련하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.784-786
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• 1997

In this Paper, the effective method of determining the water discharge of a pondage hydro-unit for hydro dispatch is proposed. The water discharge of a pondage hydro-unit can be determined subtracting the spillage discharge from summation of the inflow and the pondage according to variation of the water level of the reservoir. Proposed method calculates the inflow using the duration curve, the water level from initial level on January 1, and the spillage discharge from the water discharge.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.144-152
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• 2003

Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of pore water contamination on the treatment effect of sandy soil which was solidified by Portland cement. In the experiments, setting time of hydraulic cement that was mixed with contaminated mixing water was measured using Vicat equipment and observed the tendency of setting process with the kind of contaminants, organic or inorganic components. It was shown that organic contaminants of the mixing water affect largely on the initial setting process of hydraulic cement and inorganics, expecially heavy metals, did not affect on the initial setting process, otherwise it was appeared that setting time of the sandy soil that was contaminated with inorganic components was apparently faster than the sandy soil that did not include inorganic components even though organic concentrations was relatively low level (COD=200∼300) in the mixing water. The results of unconfined compression strength test (UCST) were well consistent with the results of Vicat equipment test.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.468-474
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• 2009

Ground water source heat pump system is the oldest one of the ground source heat pump systems. Despite of this, little formal design information has been available until recently. The important design parameters for open system are the identification of optimum ground water flow, heat exchanger selection and well pump. In this study, the capacity of 50 RT system of two well type ground water heat pump system was used. As a result, static water level was -7 m and the level during the heating operation was -32 m, cooling operation was -40 m. The initial static water level recovered within 48 hrs. The temperature of ground water is $15.6^{\circ}C$ for heating season and $16.2^{\circ}C$ for cooling season and does not depend on the outdoor temperature. Operation efficiency of the system shows that, COP 3.1 for heating and COP 4.2 for cooling.