• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2003

Evaluation in both an art and a science. The art of evaluation involves working with the management to agree upon purpose and users of results, creating design and gathering information that are appropriate for a specific situation and a particular policy making context. The value of evaluating extension p개grams has received a lot of attentions recently, and many extension educations see evaluation as an integral part of their work. The science of evaluation involves determining standards and developing indicatiors, selecting methods appropriate to gather information in a systematic way, analyzing information to assist in determining the value of the program in an objective manner. First, extension specialists have to consider relative merits about methods of gathering evaluation data. Selection of method should be influenced by the type of information desired, time availability, and cost of using the method. Second, good evaluations involve stakeholders at all stages including planning, implementation, and utilization of results. Third, far from being an "add-on ," evaluation begins with the initial planning of an educational program. Fourth, it is important for extension specialists that although evaluation is valuable and essential in any effective program, one of the biggest mistakes of extension program evaluators in to promise results that cannot possibly solve all the problems of project.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2022

The paper investigates the process of pulsation of a spherical cavity (bubble) in a liquid under the influence of a source of ultrasonic vibrations. The process of pulsation of a cavitation pocket in liquid is investigated. The Kirkwood-Bethe model was used to describe the motion. A numerical solution algorithm based on the Runge-Kutta-Felberg method of 4-5th order with adaptive selection of the integration step has been developed and implemented. It was revealed that if the initial bubble radius exceeds a certain value, then the bubble will perform several pulsations until the moment of collapse. The same applies to the case of exceeding the amplitude of ultrasonic vibrations of a certain value. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to fully describe the process of cavitation pulsations, to carry out comprehensive parametric studies and to evaluate the influence of various process parameters on the intensity of cavitation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1251-1257
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• 1999

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of roasting and extrusion on nutritional value of conventional and low-inhibitor soy beans for nurser-age pigs. In Exp. 1, 100 weaning pigs (7.5 kg average initial BW) were used in a 35-d growth assay to determine the effects of processing method (roasting in a Rast-A-Tron$^{TM}$ raster vs extrusion in an Insta-Pro$^{TM}$ extruder) on the nutritional value of Williams 82 soybeans with (+K) and without (-K) gene expression for the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. Treatments were 48% soybean meal with added soybean oil, +K roasted, +K extruded, -K roasted and -K extruded. All diets were formulated to contain 3.5 Mcal DE/kg, with 0.92% lysine for d 0 to 14 and 0.76% lysine for d 14 to 35 of the experiment. The lysine concentrations were 80% of NRC (1988) recommendations to accentuate difference in response to protein quality and lysine availability. For d 0 to 14, pigs fed extruded soybeans (+K and -K) had greater ADG (p<0.001), ADFI (p<0.09) and gain/feed (p<0.01) than pigs fed roasted soybeans. For d 14 to 35 and overall, the same effects were noted, i.e., pigs fed extruded soybeans had greater ADG, ADFI and gain/feed than pigs fed roasted soybeans (p<0.03). Also, pigs fed -K soybeans were more efficient (p<0.008) than pigs fed +K soybeans. In Exp. 2, 150 weanling pigs (7.0 kg average initial BW) were used in a 35-d growth assay. All diets were formulated to contain 3.5 Mcal DE/kg, with 1.25% lysine for d 0 to 14 and 1.10% lysine for d 14 to 35 of the experiment. The lysine concentrations were formulated to be in excess of NRC recommendation to determine if differences in nutritional value of the soybean preparations could be detected in protein-adequate diets. For d 0 to 14 (p<0.06), 14 to 35 (p<0.03) and 0 to 35 (p<0.02), pigs fed extruded soybeans had greater ADG and gain/feed than pigs fed roasted soybeans. Apparent digestibilities of DM, N and GE were greater for diets with extruded soybeans than diets with roasted soybeans and diets with soybean meal and soybean oil were intermediate. The response to extrusion processing was greater with -K than +K soybeans, with pigs fed extruded -K soybeans having the greatest growth performance and nutrient digestibilities and lowest skin-fold thickness of any treatment. In conclusion, extrusion yielded a full-fat soy product of greater nutritional value than roasting. Also, selection against genetic expression of the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor improved nutritional value of the resulting soybean preparations.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2018

시설 관리는 시설의 자산적 가치뿐만 아니라 시설 환경 및 사용자 성능까지도 시설 관리 수준에 의해 결정된다는 점에서 매우 중요하다. 시설 전체 생애 비용 중 운영 및 관리 비용은 시설의 용도와 사용 정도에 따라서 초기 건설비용의 3배에서 10배에 달한다. 효율적인 시설 관리는 다양한 용도로 건설된 다수의 시설을 관리하는 공공 시설관리 기관의 경우 더욱 중요하며, 특히 제한된 자원(인력/장비 등)과 제한된 예산으로 다양한 사용자를 위한 다양한 시설을 관리할 때 이 중요성은 증폭된다. 본 연구는 전국에 있는 16개의 공공 시설관리기관의 시설관리 현황을 조사 분석하였다. 주요 조사 항목은 1) 시설 관리 시스템 구성 및 활용현황, 2) 중장기 수선 계획 수립 및 활용현황, 3) 수선대안 선정 시스템 수립 및 활용현황 등이다. 본 연구는 분석 자료를 기반으로 지방 공공 시설관리 기관에서 사용하고 있는 시설관리 시스템의 개선 사항을 도출하고 추후 연구 방향을 제시한다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2018

In this study a numerical study was conducted to show flow, temperature and gas distributions in a high temperature CO shift reactor which was designed specially for energy saving and then evaluated with the related experiment. Mole fractions of syngas at the end of the catalyst bed were predicted with various assumed pre-exponential factors, were compared with the corresponding experimental results and $10^8$ was finally selected as the value. With the selection, a base case was examined. It was calculated that the inlet duct attached asymmetrically to the CO shift reactor affects on the distribution of the upward momentum (+z directional). In addition, CO conversion ratio is achieved up to 90% in the catalyst bed and especially it reached up to 70% at the initial part of catalyst bed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.273-283
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• 2000

In this paper we suggest an optimal design method of Fuzzy-Neural Networks(FNN) model for complex and nonlinear systems. The FNNs use the simplified inference as fuzzy inference method and Error Back Propagation Algorithm as learning rule. And we use a HCM(Hard C-Means) Clustering Algorithm to find initial parameters of the membership function. The parameters such as parameters of membership functions learning rates and momentum weighted value is proposed to achieve a sound balance between approximation and generalization abilities of the model. According to selection and adjustment of a weighting factor of an aggregate objective function which depends on the number of data and a certain degree of nonlinearity (distribution of I/O data we show that it is available and effective to design and optimal FNN model structure with a mutual balance and dependency between approximation and generalization abilities. This methodology sheds light on the role and impact of different parameters of the model on its performance (especially the mapping and predicting capabilities of the rule based computing). To evaluate the performance of the proposed model we use the time series data for gas furnace the data of sewage treatment process and traffic route choice process.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.97-107
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• 1990

The epidemiology of plant disease deals with the dynamic processes of host-pathogen interactions, which determine the prevalence and severity of the disease. Epidemic processes for most foliar diseases of plants follow a series of steps: arrival of pathogens on plant surfaces, initial infection, incubation period, latent period, sporulation, dissemination of secondary inoculum, and infectious period. These complex biological processes are influenced by the environment-Man also often interfers with these processes by altering the host and pathogen populations and the environment. Slowing or halting any of the epidemic processes can delay the development of the epidemic, so that serious losses in yield due to disease do not occur. It is generally recognized that the most effective and efficient method of minimizing disease damage is through the use of resistant cultivars, particularly when other methods such as fungicide applications are not economically feasible-Populations of plant pathogens are not genetically uniform nor are they necessarily stable. Cultivars bred for resistance to current populations of a pathogen may not be resistant in the future due to selection pressures placed on the pathogen populations. Understanding population development and genetic variability in the pathogen, and knowledge of the genetics of resistance in the plant should help in developing breeding strategies that wi1l provide effective and stable disease control through genetic resistance. In the United States, soybeans have ranked first in value of crops sold off the farm in recent years. Soybeans have been the leading U. S.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2020

This paper provides the practical application of a linear shrinkage framework on Vietnam stock market. The cumulative data points observed in this analysis are 468 weeks from January 2011 to December 2019. All the companies listed on Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE), except the companies under two years period from Initial Public Offering (IPO), are considered. The cumulative number of stocks picked is therefore 350 companies. The VNINDEX, which is the Vietnam Stock Index, is used as a reference index for shrinking to a single-index model. The empirical results show that the shrinkage of covariance matrix for portfolio optimization gives the promising results for the investors on Vietnam stock market. The shrinkage method helps the investors to produce the optimal portfolio in the sense of having higher profit with lower levels of risk compared to the portfolio of the traditional SCM method. Moreover, the portfolio turnover of shrinkage method is always kept at low magnitudes, and this makes the shrinkage portfolios save much transaction costs and reduce the liquidity risks in the trading process. In addition, the ability of shrinkage method in making profit is once again confirmed by the Alpha coefficient that achieves a high positive value.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.121-139
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• 2014

기업의 부도 예측은 재무 및 회계 분야에서 매우 중요한 연구 주제이다. 기업의 부도로 인해 발생하는 비용이 매우 크기 때문에 부도 예측의 정확성은 금융기관으로서는 매우 중요한 일이다. 최근에는 여러 개의 모형을 결합하는 앙상블 모형을 부도 예측에 적용해 보려는 연구가 큰 관심을 끌고 있다. 앙상블 모형은 개별 모형보다 더 좋은 성과를 내기 위해 여러 개의 분류기를 결합하는 것이다. 이와 같은 앙상블 분류기는 분류기의 일반화 성능을 개선하는 데 매우 유용한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문은 부도 예측 모형의 성과 개선에 관한 연구이다. 이를 위해 사례 선택(Instance Selection)을 활용한 배깅(Bagging) 모형을 제안하였다. 사례 선택은 원 데이터에서 가장 대표성 있고 관련성 높은 데이터를 선택하고 예측 모형에 악영향을 줄 수 있는 불필요한 데이터를 제거하는 것으로 이를 통해 예측 성과 개선도 기대할 수 있다. 배깅은 학습데이터에 변화를 줌으로써 기저 분류기들을 다양화시키는 앙상블 기법으로 단순하면서도 성과가 매우 좋은 것으로 알려져 있다. 사례 선택과 배깅은 각각 모형의 성과를 개선시킬 수 있는 잠재력이 있지만 이들 두 기법의 결합에 관한 연구는 아직까지 없는 것이 현실이다. 본 연구에서는 부도 예측 모형의 성과를 개선하기 위해 사례 선택과 배깅을 연결하는 새로운 모형을 제안하였다. 최적의 사례 선택을 위해 유전자 알고리즘이 사용되었으며, 이를 통해 최적의 사례 선택 조합을 찾고 이 결과를 배깅 앙상블 모형에 전달하여 새로운 형태의 배깅 앙상블 모형을 구성하게 된다. 본 연구에서 제안한 새로운 앙상블 모형의 성과를 검증하기 위해 ROC 커브, AUC, 예측정확도 등과 같은 성과지표를 사용해 다양한 모형과 비교 분석해 보았다. 실제 기업데이터를 사용해 실험한 결과 본 논문에서 제안한 새로운 형태의 모형이 가장 좋은 성과를 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2001

Objectives : The management of massive brain swelling remains an unsolved problem in neurosurgical field. Despite newly developed medical and pharmacological therapy, the mortality and morbidity due to massive brain swelling remains high. According to many recent reports, surgical decompression with dura expansion is superior to medical management in patients with massive brain swelling. We performed surgical treatment on the first line of treatment, and followed medical management in case with refractory increased intracranial pressure(ICP). To show the quantitative effect of decompressive surgery on the intracranial pressure, we performed ventricular puncture and checked the ventricular ICP continuously during the decompressive surgery and postoperative period. Materials and Methods : Fifty-one patients with massive brain swelling, undergoing bilateral decompressive craniectomy with dura expansion, were studied in this study. In all patients, ventricular puncture was performed at Kocher's point on the opposite side of massive brain swelling. The ventricular pressure was monitored continuously, during the bilateral decompression procedures and postoperative period. Results : The initial ventricular ICP were varied from 13mmHg to 112mmHg. Immediately after the bilateral craniectomy, mean ventricular ICP decreased to $53.1{\pm}15.8%$ of the initial ICP(ranges from 5mmHg to 87mmHg). Dura opening decreased mean ICP by additional 36.7% and made the ventricular pressure $16.4{\pm}10.5%$ of the initial pressure (ranges from 0mmHg to 28mmHg). Postoperatively, ventricular pressure was lowered to $20.2{\pm}22.6%$(ranged from 0mmHg to 62.3mmHg) of the initial ICP. The ventricular ICP value during the first 24 hours after decompressive surgery was found to be an important prognostic factor. If ICP was over 35mmHg, the mortality was 100% instead of additional medical(barbiturate coma therapy and hypothermia) treatments. Conclusion : Bilateral decompression with dura expansion is considered an effective therapeutic modality in ICP control. To obtain favorable clinical outcome in patients with massive brain swelling, early decision making on surgical management and proper patient selection are mandatory.