• 방재기술
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• 통권29호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2000

All objects emit thermal radiation and this radiation is the basis of the techniques used to detect flames. The usual phenomena occurring in the initial stage of a fire are generally invisible products of a combustion and visible smoke. Liquid or gaseous materials do not undergo a smoldering stage such fires develop very rapidly. Also, the heat generated by the initial flames is usually not sufficient to active a heat detector. In this case the most effective criterion for automatic fire detection is the flame. In fire regulation of korea, the compulsory standard provided that a flame detector shall be installed a place of the attachment hight of detector is higher than 20 m, chemical plants, hangar, refinery, etc.. The result of the research and development are discriminated between a flame and other radiant emitters, developed PZT pyroelectric element is based on the use of photo-voltanic cell, developed IR band-pass filter that only allow a 4.3 radiation wavelength to reach the sensors and developed IR flame detector.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.494-502
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• 1997

Experiments on corresponding jet flames with stagnant point diffusion flames have been carried out in initial injection periods. A compensated measurement of maximum flame temperature, which is based on the ion signal, has been employed to inspect flame responses to time-varying strain rates. The flame responses are obtained at two conditions for the slowly time-varying strain rate and the case of flame extinction, and analyzed to confirm similarity between a stagnant point diffusion flame and an evolving jet diffusion flame. Nonsteady effects are addressed via the comparison between several time scales. The time variation with low strain rates, in which illustrates the flame behavior of the upper branch far from extinction in the well-known S-curve, is confirmed to produce a quasi-steady flame response through the nonsteady experiments. The time variation with strain rates in the case of flame extinction indicates an unsteady effect of flame response. It is therefore found that the flame responses near jet tip depend on time histories of characterized strain rates in the developing process.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2005

Hydrogen safety is one of the key technical issue with growing attention on utilization of hydrogen energy. This study is aimed to predict behavior of momentum-controlling buoyant jet and flame caused by hydrogen leakage from a high pressured tank. Approximate solutions were derived for the case of turbulent buoyant jet and diffusion flame in still air. In case of hydrogen jet with low Froude number (100-4000), computed jet trajectories were compared with experimental data and showed good agreement with them. Jet and flame trajectories and flame length of hydrogen are predicted and compared with the buoyant flame of propane. The results well show that buoyancy is dominant in the range of low Froude number, while initial momentum is dominant in the range of high Froude number. That effect is more distinct for hydrogen flame than the case of propane.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2005년도 제31회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.207-214
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• 2005

Hydrogen safety is one of the key technical issue with growing attention on utilization of hydrogen energy. This study is aimed to predict behavior of momentum-controlling buoyant jet and flame caused by hydrogen leakage from a high pressured tank. Approximate solutions were derived for the case of turbulent buoyant jet and diffusion flame in still air. In case of hydrogen jet with low Froude number (100-4000), computed jet trajectories were compared with experimental data and showed good agreement with them. Jet and flame trajectories and flame length of hydrogen are predicted and compared with the buoyant flame of propane. The results well show that buoyancy is dominant in the range of low Froude number, while initial momentum is dominant in the range of high Froude number. That effect is more distinct for hydrogen flame than the case of propane.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1690-1696
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• 2003

A two-dimensional direct numerical simulation is performed to investigate the flame structure of $CH_4/N_2$-Air counterflow nonpremixed flame interacting with a single vortex. The detailed transport properties and a modified 16-step augmented reduced mechanism based on Miller and Bowman's detailed chemistry are adopted in this calculation. The results show that an initially flat stagnation plane, where an axial velocity is zero, is deformed into a complex-shaped plane, and an initial stagnation point is moved far away from vortex head when the counterflow field is perturbed by the vortex. It is noted that the movement of stagnation point can alter the mechanism of reactants (fuel and oxidizer) fluxes into the flame surface, and then can alter the flame structure.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.861-867
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• 2005

In order to develop oxy-fuel combustor, the Flame length characteristic of $CH_4$ with oxidizer of air and oxygen has been experimentally investigated for tile nozzle diameters of 1.6mm, 2.7mm, 4.4mm and 7.7mm. The structure of $CH_4$ flame with oxidizer of oxygen was sharp in contrast with the $CH_4$ flame with oxidizer of air. The stability of $CH_4$ flame with oxidizer of oxygen was higher than $CH_4$ flame with oxidizer of air. In all $CH_4$ flames with oxidizer of air and oxygen, the flame length were dependent on the flowrate in laminar flame regime, and in turbulent flame dependent on the initial jet diameter. Using correlation equation of Delichatsios, the flame length has been expected exactly for $CH_4$ flame with oxidizer of air, but underestimated for $CH_4$ flame with oxidizer of oxygen. This paper proposed correlation equation of $CH_4$ flame with oxidizer of oxygen.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

Five different size of orifice were applied in a constant volume combustion chamber for evaluating the effects of torch-ignition on combustion. The initial flame development and flame propagation were analyzed by the mass burned fraction and combustion enhancement rate. The combustion pressures were measured to calculate the mass burned fractions and the combustion enhancement rates. In addition, the flame propagations were visualized by the shadowgraph method for the qualitative comparison. The result showed that the combustion pressure and mass burned fraction were increased when using the torch-ignition device. The combustion enhancement rates of torch-ignition cases were improved in comparison with conventional spark ignition. Finally, the visualization results showed that the torch-ignition induced faster burn than conventional spark ignition due to the earlier transition to turbulent flame and larger flame surface, during the initial stage.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1185-1191
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• 1999

Radiation-induced oscillatory instability in diffusion flames is numerically investigated with nonlinear dynamics considered. As the simplest flame model, a diffusion flame established in the stagnant mixing layer is employed with optically thin gas-phase radiation and unity Lewis numbers for all species. Attention is focused on the radiation-induced extinction regime, which occurs at large $Damk\ddot{o}hler$ number. Once the steady flame structure is obtained for a prescribed value of the initial $Damk\ddot{o}hler$ number, transient solution of the flame is calculated after a finite amount of the $Damk\ddot{o}hler$-number perturbation is imposed on the steady flame. Transient evolution of the flame exhibits three types of flame-evolution behaviors, namely decaying oscillatory solution, diverging solution to extinction and stable limit-cycle solution. A dynamic extinction boundary is identified for laminar flamelet library.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2004년도 제28회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.57-63
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• 2004

A two-dimensional direct numerical simulation was performed to investigate the flame behaviors of $CH_4/N_2$-Air counterflow nonpremixed flame interacting with a single vortex. The detailed transport properties and a modified 16-step augmented reduced mechanism based on Miller and Bowman's detailed reaction mechanism are adopted in this calculation. The results showed that an initially flat stagnation plane, on which an axial velocity was zero, was deformed into a complex-shaped plane, and an initial stagnation point was moved far away from a vortex head when the counterflow field was perturbed by the vortex. It was noted that the movement of stagnation point could alter the species transport mechanism to the flame surface. It was also identified that the altered species transport mechanism affected the distributions of the mixture fraction and the scalar dissipation rate.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.288-298
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• 1999

In spark ignited engines, the electrical spark not only sets the time for the onset of combustion but also is able to greatly influence the character of the initial flame growth and the subsequent combustion, and thereby can influence engine performance. The relative importance of the ignition energy is particularly high under lean or high residual gas or exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). In this study, a modeling of flame Initiation and its development is proposed. Submodels consist in representing of cylinder pressure and temperature, heat transfer to cylinder wall, and flame kernel heat transfer to ambient air and to spark plug electrodes. The breakdown process and the subsequent electrical power input initially control the kernel growth while intermediate growth is mainly dominated by diffusion or conduction. Then, the flame propagates by the chemical energy, and laminar and turbulent flame velocity.