• 한방비만학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gender, age, body weight, muscle mass, fat mass, body mass index (BMI), metabolism, and compliance with medication on weight loss in obese adults. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 178 patients who were visited to the Korean Oriental Clinic for 3~6 month and had obesity treatment using Gamitaeumjowee-tang from April 2017 to May 2017. We conducted a paired T-test, correlation coefficient and decision tree to analyze factors influencing obesity treatment. Results: The results of correlation analysis showed that initial weight (kg), initial fat mass (kg), BMI ($kg/m^2$), compliance with medication (%), Original Harris-Benedict Equation, Revised Harris-Benedict Equation and The Mifflin St Jeor Equation was significantly correlated to weight loss (kg) (P<0.001). As a result of constructing the decision tree model, it showed that over 5% weight loss of their initial weight (n=154) was related with initial BMI ($kg/m^2$), compliance with medication (%) and initial muscle mass (kg). In case of over 5 kg weight loss of their initial weight (n=131), it was related with initial BMI ($kg/m^2$), compliance with medication (%) and final BMI ($kg/m^2$). Conclusions: This study suggests that weight loss may be affected by initial factors and that initial factors can be used for obesity treatment.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.173-176
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• 2020

Sweet bee venom (SBV) causes less hypersensitivity reactions compared with whole bee venom. To determine the appropriate SBV initial dose for pharmacopuncture treatment of lower back pain, the initial dose, and the dose which caused hypersensitivity were retrospectively reviewed between January 1^st, 2017 and December 31^st, 2019. There were 523 first-visit patients who received SBV pharmacopuncture for lower back pain and 41 showed hypersensitivity. No systemic reactions were observed and localized reactions were not severe. Hypersensitivity was observed during the first (7 cases), and fifth treatments (8 cases). An initial SBV (10%) volume of 0.1 mL was used in 2 cases, 0.2 mL in 6 cases, 0.6 mL in 41 cases, and 1.2 mL in 474 cases. The hypersensitivity rate during the first and fifth treatment was 1.34% and 1.53%, respectively. As a result, 1.2 mL of SBV was considered the acceptable initial dose. However, for safer treatment, we recommend limiting the initial dose of SBV to 0.5 mL.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.674-682
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• 2017

This paper presents an optimal initial firing angle control based on the energy consumption and regenerative energy of a parallel multi-pulse thyristor dual converter for urban railway power substations. To prevent short circuiting the thyristor dual converter, a hysteresis band for maintaining a zero-current discontinuous section (ZCDS) is essential during mode changes. During conversion from the ZCDS to forward or reverse mode, the DC trolley voltage can be stabilized by selecting the optimal initial firing angle without an overshoot and slow response. However, the optimal initial firing angle is different depending on the line impedance of each converter. Therefore, the control algorithm for tracking the optimal initial firing angle is proposed to eliminate the overshoot and slow response of DC trolley voltage. Simulations and experiments show that the proposed algorithm yields the fastest DC voltage control performance in the transient state by tracking the optimal firing angle.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2003

This paper has developed an efficient nonlinear finite element method that covers both initial deformations and initial stresses of general distribution in calculating the ultimate strength of ring-stiffened cylinders. The developed method and two widely-used commercial codes (NASTRAN and ABAQUS) were simultaneously applied to the same analysis model within the extent of those commercial codes' coverage to check the validity of the present method. After the validity check, it was used for parametric studies for more general cases of initial stress distribution, which produced some useful information about the imperfection sensitivity of the ultimate strength of ring-stiffened cylinders.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.105-108
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• 1997

For the removal of heavy metals, Cd, Cu and Cr were used. The initial concentration of Cd and Cu were 1-10 ppm, the removal efficiency of Cd and Cu was 76.2-89.0% and 69.0-79.0%, respectively. The initial concentration of Cr were 1~5 ppm, and the-removal efficiency was low especially at high concentration. In general, the initial concentrations of heavy metals had no relation to the removal efficiency. At the beginning, the removal efficiency was very high, but it was maintained at constant concentration. The trends of accumulations of heavy metals in the stem increased in proportion to the initial concentration. The removal efficiency of heavy metals increased a little bit when nutrients existed in the solution. So that, the initial concentration of Cd and Cu were 1-10 ppm, the removal efficiency of Cd and Cu was 84.8-91.0% and 75.9-82.0%. The initial concentration of Cr were 1-5 ppm, the removal efficiency was 25.0-67.0%.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.268-275
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to propose the method of determining the initial pneumatic membrane structures surface and stresses and displacements. Tension structure such as pneumatic membrane structures is stabilized by their initial prestress and air pressure. The process to find initial structural overall shape of tension structures produced by initial prestress called shape finding. One of the most important factor for the design of membrane structures is to search initial smooth surface, because unlike steel or concrete building elements which resist loads in bending, all tension structure forces are carried within the surface by membrane stress. The result for initial surface of pneumatic membrane element and maximum displacement in large deformation in analysis is compared with well-known nonlinear numerical method such as Newton-raphson method and dynamic relaxation method

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.31-34
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• 2000

this paper deals with the initial magnetic field decay for a large scale superconducting magnet e.g. NMR/MRI magnet. The high resolution image can not be obained during the periods of the initial field decay. It is known that all superconducting materials have the property of diamagnetism. This diamagnetism is usually explained with the concept of screening current. We assumed that the existence of the screening currebt. we assumed that the existence of the screening current makes the current distribution in the superconducting wire non-uniform. And the initial magnetic field decay is caused steady current state in the view of its pattern. The initial magnetic field decay is caused by the change of the current distribution between the energizing state and persistent current mode. in this paper the theoretical analysis for the current distributions has been introduced for each state. The experiments have been carried out to verify transport currents in order to veperiments, it small at the higher transport current.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.377-384
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• 2000

The characteristics and prediction model of the shear strength for unsaturated residual soils was studied. In order to investigate the influence of the initial water content on the shear strength, unsaturated triaxial tests were carried out varying the initial water content, and the applicability of existing prediction models for the unsaturated shear strength was testified. It was shown that the soil - water characteristic curve and the shear strength of the unsaturated soil varied with the change of the initial water content. A sample compacted in the lower initial water content needs a higher suction to get the same degree of saturation while the shear strength of a sample with the lower initial water content displays a lower value. In order to apply the existing prediction models of the unsaturated shear strength to granite residual soils, a correction coefficient, α, on the internal friction angle, ø'was added.

• International Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology Speciallssue:Selected Papers
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2003

This paper has developed an efficient nonlinear finite element method that covers both initial deformations and initial stresses of general distribution in calculating the ultimate strength of ring-stiffened cylinders. The developed method and two widely-used commercial codes (NASTRAN and ABAQUS) were simultaneously applied to the same analysis model within the extent of those commercial codes' coverage to check the validity of the present method. After the validity check, it was used for parametric studies for more general cases of initial stress distribution, which produced some useful information about the imperfection sensitivity of the ultimate strength of ring-stiffened cylinders.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.56.1-56
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• 2001

Initial attitude error is one of the large error sources in the navigation errors of SDINS. And it is important to decide the initial attitude of SDINS. The method, like a self-alignment or a transfer alignment method, is required to a precise INS. If we do not have a precise INS, we should get large attitude error. After performing the initial alignment, a vehicle has the initial attitude error. Therefore, it results in navigation error due to the initial attitude error. But, if we use position information during flight, we could estimate and compensate a vehicle attitude error. So, we can maintain a precise attitude in spite of existing the initial attitude error. Using the uplinked position information from a land-based radar system, the new algorithm estimates the attitude of the SDINS during flight ...