• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.543-547
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• 2007

Bovine mastitis is costly infectious disease of dairy cattle, being responsible for significant economic losses all over the world. Also, mastitis has troubled about resistance to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to screen a novel antimicrobial strain from various sources (raw milk and feeds (from farm of Paju, Dangjin, and Hwasung), commercial milk, Korean traditional fermented foods, and chicken feces). The isolate was screened using triple agar layer method and deferred method was used for confirmation of antimicrobial effect. Seventy six of isolates were screened using triple agar layer method. In these strain, 42 isolates were shown a broad spectrum of autimicrobial activity against mastitis pathogens. Especially, fourteen isolates were shown over 20 mm inhibition zone against S. aureous ATCC 25923. These results suggest that these novel antimicrobial strains could be used for the alternative of antibiotics.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 2013

In this study, we selected some material to have potential bioactivity from natural plants, confirmed as basic data for industrializing and tried to develope the food materials using them. DPPH, ABTS, antioxidant protection factor, TBARs and antimicrobial activity of extracts from Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits were determined. The total phenolics extracted from Rosa multiflora were 12.08, 11.82, 11.1 and 12.6 mg/g when using water, 70% ethanol, 70% methanol and 70% acetone as the solvent, respectively. The optimum conditions for extracting the phenolic compounds were 70% ethanol over for 12 hrs(11.82 mg/g). The electron donating ability and inhibition rate on ABTS of the 70% ethanol extracts were 97% and 92.2%, respectively while the antioxidant protection factor(PF) of the water extracts and 70% ethanol extracts were 1.79 and 1.34 PF, respectively. The TBAR (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) value were $1.3{\mu}M$ for the control and $0.15{\mu}M$ for the 70% ethanol extracts. The inhibitory activity against ${\alpha}$-amylase was 26% for the 70% ethanol extracts. The 70% ethanol extracts from Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits exhibited antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, S. epidermidis, S. aureusand and E. coli with clear zone diameters of 14, 25, 14 and 13 mm, respectively when using $200{\mu}g/mL$ of the phenolic compounds. An HPLC analysis identified 6 major phenolic metabolites in the Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits extracts: rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, courmaric acid, protocatechuic acid and quercetin. In particular, the content of rosmarinic acid was the highest in the 70% ethanol extracts. Therefore these results indicate that 70% ethanol extracts from Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits can be useful as a natural antioxidant and in functional foods.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2016

Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of whole plant of Boerhavia diffusa were screened for phytochemical and biological activities. Qualitative phytochemical screening via colorimetric method and the quantitative estimation of phenolic and flavonoid content were performed. Antioxidant assay using DPPH scavenging method was studied. Antimicrobial screening of plant extracts was done by cup diffusion technique. Cytotoxic activity of B. diffusa was studied by brine shrimp bioassay and anthelminthic activity was evaluated in vitro in Pheretima posthuma. This study revealed B. diffusa as a source of various phyto-constituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and terpenoids. Quantitative estimation of total phenol was found to be maximum in BEE i.e. $29.73{\pm}0.88$, BME $19.8{\pm}2.02$ and in BHE $9.15{\pm}0.304mgGAE/g$. Similarly, the total flavonoid content was found to be $17.44{\pm}0.75$ in BEE, $14.43{\pm}0.23$ in BHE and 3.678 mg QE/g in BME. Ethyl acetate extract showed its antibacterial activity against all tested pathogens except Escherichia coli whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhi were resistant to methanol and hexane extract. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) of ethyl acetate extract against S. Typhi and B. cereus was found to be 18 mm and 14 mm respectively. The MIC value of BEE in S. Typhi was $3.125{\mu}g/ml$ and in B. cereus was $12.5{\mu}g/ml$. The preliminary screening of anticancer property of B. diffusa i.e. BSLT in methanol was found to be $165.19{\mu}g/ml$. B. diffusa was also found to contain anthelmintic property. The study helped in further exploration of medicinal properties of B. diffusa by phytochemical screening and biological activities paving the path for study and investigation in this plant.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.919-924
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities and antioxidant activities of the Korean mistletoe extract and its solvent fractions (e.g. n-hexane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butanol). Ethyl ether fraction against Bacillus cereus showed stronger activities than benzoic acid (2.5 mg/mL). The MIC of korean mistletoe extract and slovent fractions were in the range of 6.25-25 mg/mL. The MIC (6.25 mg/mL) of ethyl acetate fraction onto Staphylocossus aureus was the lowest among them. Ethyl ether fraction which showed the strongest antioxidant activities by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) methods had the highest total phenolic contents. It is suggested that Korean mistletoe could be utilized as natural preservative material through the study of the active compounds from ethyl ether fraction.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.562-566
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• 2009

We investigated the natural antimicrobial activities of Capsella bursa-pastoris water, methanol, and ethanol extracts. Antimicrobial activities of these extracts and sodium benzoate on Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were compared. The inhibition zone diameters of the methanol and ethanol extracts of Capsella bursa-pastoris were 13-20 mm and 12-20 mm, respectively, which were larger than those of sodium benzoate (11-15 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Capsella bursa-pastoris methanol and ethanol extracts were 12.5-20 mg/mL. These results indicate that Capsella bursa-pastoris methanol and ethanol extracts can be used as natural antimicrobial agents.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1241-1255
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• 2021

This study was carried out to explore a non-chemical strategy for enhancing productivity by employing some antagonistic rhizobacteria. One hundred eighteen bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizospheric zone of various crop fields of Gangwon-do, Korea, and screened for antifungal activity against Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae) in lettuce crop under in vitro and in vivo conditions. In broth-based dual culture assay, fourteen bacterial isolates showed significant inhibition of mycelial growth of F. oxysporium f. sp. lactucae. All of the antagonistic isolates were further characterized for the antagonistic traits under in vitro conditions. The isolates were identified on the basis of biochemical characteristics and confirmed at their species level by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Arthrobacter sulfonivorans, Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas proteolytica, four Paenibacillus peoriae strains, and Bacillus subtilis were identified from the biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The isolates EN21 and EN23 showed significant decrease in disease severity on lettuce compared to infected control and other bacterial treatments under greenhouse conditions. Two bacterial isolates, EN4 and EN21, were evaluated to assess their disease reduction and growth promotion in lettuce in field conditions. The consortium of EN4 and EN21 showed significant enhancement of growth on lettuce by suppressing disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae respectively. This study clearly indicates that the promising isolates, EN4 (P. proteolytica) and EN21 (Bacillus siamensis), can be commercialized and used as biofertilizer and/or biopesticide for sustainable crop production.

• Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate probiotic characteristics and immune enhancing effects of Bifidobacterium (B.) longum KBB1-26 and BIF-4, B. breve KBB5-22 isolated from human intestine for probiotic use in humans and animals. We measured acid, bile and heat tolerance, antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia (E.) coli, Salmonella (S.) Enteritidis, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, and Listeria (L.) monocytogenes. Immune enhancing effects of B. longum and B. breve were investigated by measuring nitric oxide (NO), nuclear factor ($NF-{\kappa}b$), $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) in RAW 264.7 cells or RAW BLUE cells. B. longum KBB1-26 was survived at pH 2.0. B. longum KBB1-26 and BIF-4, B. breve KBB5-22 also showed tolerance to 0.3% of oxgall bile salt. B. longum KBB1-26 was able to survive at $70^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. KBB1-26 showed the antimicrobial inhibition zone to pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli (12 mm), S. Enteritidis (14 mm), S. aureus (14 mm) and L. monocytogenes (41 mm). The production of NO ($4.5{\pm}0.00{\mu}M/mL$) and $IL-1{\beta}$ ($39.7{\pm}0.55pg/mL$) of KBB1-26 significantly higher than BIF-4 and KBB5-22, respectively. In addition, KBB1-26 and KBB5-22 induce the production of high level of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 in macrophages. Collectively, B. longum KBB1-26 have acid, bile, heat tolerance, antimicrobial activity and immune enhancing effects. These results suggest that KBB1-26 can be used as probiotics for humans and animals.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2019

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and its receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3, are responsible for lymphangiogenesis in both embryos and adults. In epilepsy, the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was significantly upregulated in the human brains affected with temporal lobe epilepsy. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of VEGF receptors after acute seizures could suppress the generation of spontaneous recurrent seizures, suggesting a critical role of VEGF-related signaling in epilepsy. Therefore, in the present study, the spatiotemporal expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 against pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) was investigated in C57BL/6N mice using immunohistochemistry. At 1 day after SE, hippocampal astrocytes and microglia were activated. Pyramidal neuronal death was observed at 4 days after SE. In the subpyramidal zone, VEGF-C expression gradually increased and peaked at 7 days after SE, while VEGFR-3 was significantly upregulated at 4 days after SE and began to decrease at 7 days after SE. Most VEGF-C/VEGFR-3-expressing cells were pyramidal neurons, but VEGF-C was also observed in some astrocytes in sham-manipulated animals. However, at 4 days and 7 days after SE, both VEGFR-3 and VEGF-C immunoreactivities were observed mainly in astrocytes and in some microglia of the stratum radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus, respectively. These data indicate that VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 can be upregulated in hippocampal astrocytes and microglia after pilocarpine-induced SE, providing basic information about VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression patterns following acute seizures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.250-258
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• 2021

Among various species of marine bacteria, those belonging to the genus Halomonas have several promising applications and have been studied well. However, not much information has been available on their antibiotic resistance. In our efforts to learn about the antibiotic resistance of strain Halomonas socia CKY01, which showed production of various hydrolases and growth promotion by osmolytes in previous study, we found that it exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics including kanamycin, ampicillin, oxacillin, carbenicillin, gentamicin, apramycin, tetracycline, and spectinomycin. However, the H. socia CKY01 resistance pattern to kanamycin, gentamicin, apramycin, tetracycline, and spectinomycin differed in the presence of 10% NaCl and 1% NaCl in the culture medium. To determine the mechanism underlying this NaCl concentration-dependent antibiotic resistance, we compared four aminoglycoside resistance genes under different salt conditions while also performing time-dependent reverse transcription PCR. We found that the aph2 gene encoding aminoglycoside phosphotransferase showed increased expression under the 10% rather than 1% NaCl conditions. When these genes were overexpressed in an Escherichia coli strain, pETDuet-1::aph2 showed a smaller inhibition zone in the presence of kanamycin, gentamicin, and apramycin than the respective control, suggesting aph2 was involved in aminoglycoside resistance. Our results demonstrated a more direct link between NaCl and aminoglycoside resistance exhibited by the H. socia CKY01 strain.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.152-161
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• 2022

Several types of chemical bactericides have been used to control fire blight. However, their excessive usage leads to environmental deterioration. Therefore, several researchers have analyzed antagonistic microorganisms as promising, effective, and safe biological control agents (BCAs). The primary aim of this study was to screen for potential antagonistic bacteria that suppress Erwinia amylovora. Among the 45 isolates studied, 5 strains showed the largest inhibition zone against E. amylovora. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified them as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (KPB 15), B. stratosphericus (KPB 21), B. altitudinis (KPB 25), B. safensis (KPB 31), and B. subtilis (KPB 39). KPB 25 and 31 reduced the lesion size of fire blight by 50% in immature apple fruits, and did not show antagonism against each other. Therefore, KPB 25 and 31 were selected to develop an antagonistic mixture against fire blight. Although the mixture with KPB 25 and 31 showed a slightly increased ability to reduce lesion size on immature fruits, they did not exhibit a synergistic effect in reducing E. amylovora population compared to each strain alone. Nevertheless, we have identified these two strains as useful and novel BCAs against fire blight with additional benefits safety and potential in developing a mixture without loss of their activity, owing to the absence of antagonism against each other.