• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.381-392
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• 2009

Due to the aging effect, older people have relatively weaker muscular performance, less range of motion in the joint articulation, and the lower sense of equilibrium than younger people. These factors attribute to their slow and clumsy ingress/egress motion. In order to analyze ingress/egress motion strategy of the elderly, healthy thirty 65 or more years old volunteers were recruited. The health condition of the each volunteer was verified by the medical checkup and also their physical capabilities were quantified by six fitness tests. Through the video analysis, older driver's ingress/egress motion strategies were classified and statistically investigated. For a comparison purpose, another thirty young volunteers also participated in the same test protocol and their ingress/egress motion strategies were also included in the statistical analysis.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2008

This study attempts to develop improved ingress and egress in vehicle for disabled wheelchair people who driving is available, after investigating the ingress and egress relation demand and the inconvenient factor in the vehicle. An experiment was performed for that disabled wheelchair people to analyze the characteristics of ingress and egress relation operation through the questionnaire survey and the camera photographing. The results suggest various improvements possibilities in inside handlebar as a main factor. Through analysis of disabled wheelchair person's ingress and egress tendency, the alternative shape and position of inside handlebar are suggested. Also, this paper aimed to draw ingress and egress improvement proposal by executing a verification experiment and collecting the preferences from disabled people.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.199-213
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• 2017

Chloride penetration is among the main causes of corrosion initiation in reinforced concrete (RC) structures producing premature degradations. Weather and exposure conditions directly affect chloride ingress mechanisms and therefore the operational service life and safety of RC structures. Consequently, comprehensive chloride ingress models are useful tools to estimate corrosion initiation risks and minimize maintenance costs for RC structures placed under chloride-contaminated environments. This paper first presents a coupled thermo-hydro-chemical model for predicting chloride penetration into concrete that accounts for realistic weather conditions. This complete numerical model takes into account multiple factors affecting chloride ingress such as diffusion, convection, chloride binding, ionic interaction, and concrete aging. Since the complete model could be computationally expensive for long-term assessment, this study also proposes model simplifications in order to reduce the computational cost. Long-term chloride assessments of complete and reduced models are compared for three locations in France (Brest, Strasbourg and Nice) characterized by different weather and exposure conditions (tidal zone, de-icing salts and salt spray). The comparative study indicates that the reduced model is computationally efficient and accurate for long-term chloride ingress modeling in comparison to the complete one. Given that long-term assessment requires larger climate databases, this research also studies how climate models may affect chloride ingress assessment. The results indicate that the selection of climate models as well as the considered training periods introduce significant errors for mid- and long- term chloride ingress assessment.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2010

The objective of this paper is to study the usability of the ingress/egress of elderly people, and analyze the physiological workload electromyography (EMG). We investigated the factors of discomfort while the elderly people are using the ingress/egress. Experiments were performed using a seating buck with 22 elderly participants (over 65 years old). The results showed that different muscles are activated during ingress and egress. A system called "easy access" was found which helps to access easily when a driver gets into a car. The current easy access was compared a newly proposed one. It was found that elderly people use less muscle during in/egress in the new easy access system.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 MPLS(Multiprotocol Label Switching) 망에서 패킷 손실 없이 장애를 복구하는 기존의 fast rerouting 기법 적용 시 ingress 노드 버퍼에서 발생하는 누적 지연 문제를 해결하는 방안을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 사용자 트래픽을 복구하기 위해서 사전에 설정된 대체 LSP(Label Switched Path)와 각 노드에 설치된 버퍼를 사용한다. Ingress 노드에서 발생하는 버퍼 지연 문제를 해결하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 두 가지 해결방안을 제안하였다. 첫 번째 방안은 대체 LSP가 보호되는 working LSP보다 일정기간동안 큰 대역폭을 가지도록 제어하는 것이다. 장애가 복구된 후, 대체 LSP에 설정된 대역폭은 working LSP와 동일하도록 재조정된다. 두 번째 방안은 세그먼트 기반의 장애복구 기법을 적용하여 보호되는 working LSP의 길이를 줄이는 것이다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방안들은 장애 복구 후 ingress 노드에서 버퍼 지연 문제가 발생하지 않으며, ingress 노드에서 필요로 하는 버퍼의 크기도 기존 방안보다 작다는 장점을 가진다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.731-736
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• 2002

The degradation of reinforced concrete (RC) structures due to physical and chemical attacks has been a major issue in construction engineering. Deterioration of RC structures due to chloride attack followed by reinforcement corrosion is one of the serious problems. The objective of this study is to develop a form of mathematical model of chloride ingress into concrete. In order to overcome some limits of the previous approaches, a mathematical model of chloride ingress into concrete consisting of chloride solution intrusion through the capillary pore and chloride ion diffusion through the pore water was proposed. Moreover, the variability of diffusivity of chloride ion due to degree of hydration of concrete, relative humidity in pore, exposure condition, and variation of chloride binding was considered in the chloride ingress model.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권6호
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• pp.831-849
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• 2022

One of the most prevalent causes of reinforced concrete (RC) structural deterioration is chloride-induced corrosion. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the environmental effect of RC's chloride ingress process. The first step is to investigate how relative humidity, temperature, and wind influence chloride ingress into concrete. The probability of initiation time of chloride-induced corrosion is predicted using a probabilistic model that considers these aspects. Parametric analysis is conducted on several factors impacting the corrosion process, including the depth of concrete cover, surface chloride concentration, relative humidity, and temperature to expose environmental features. According to the findings, environmental factors such as surface chloride concentration, relative humidity and temperature substantially impact on the time to corrosion initiation. The long- and short-distance impacts are also examined. The meteorological data from the National Meteorological Center of China are collected and used to analyze the environmental characteristics of the chloride ingress issue for structures along China's coastline. Finally, various recommendations are made for improving durability design against chloride attacks.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.867-868
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• 2008

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.881-882
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• 2008

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2016

IP 네트워크에서 에너지 절약을 위한 한 가지 방안으로 적응적 버퍼링 기법을 적용한 버스트 패킷 구성 및 그의 알고리즘에 대한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 논문은 IP 네트워크의 ingress 라우터에서 버스트 스트림 패킷을 구성할 때, 에너지 절약을 위한 패킷 버퍼링 구간 결정 방법에 대해 검토한다. 특히 ingress 라우터의 입력 단에서 에너지 절약 효율을 높이기 위해 버스트 스트림 패킷을 만들 때 적응적 버퍼링 구간 및 구현 기법이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 현재 버퍼링 구간은 과거 버퍼링 구간의 입력 트래픽을 기반으로 결정하는 최선의 적응적 역함수 버퍼링 결정 방식을 제안하고, 그의 에너지 절약과 지연 특성을 시뮬레이션을 통해 분석한다. 본 논문에서 적절한 역 지수함수를 이용하여 버스트 스트림 패킷 구성을 위한 버퍼링 구간을 결정하면, 에너지 절약 효과의 개선 및 평균 지연 변이를 감소시킬 수 있음을 나타낸다. 이 방법은 다른 방법에 비해 우수한 특성을 가지고 있음을 확인한다. 그리고 제안 방법은 다양한 입력 트래픽 유형에 민감하게 반응하지 않으며, 실용적인 방법임을 나타낸다.