• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ingredient

Search Result 2,849, Processing Time 0.038 seconds

Components and Antimicrobial Activity of Veiled Lady Mushroom, Dictyophora echinovolvata (흰돌기망태버섯(가칭; Dictyophora echinovolvata)의 일반성분 및 항미생물활성)

  • Cheong, Jong-Chun;Cho, Soo-Muk;Jeong, Joon-Ho;Park, Jeong-Sik;Chung, Bong-Koo;Lee, Dong-Chul
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
    • /
    • v.29 no.2
    • /
    • pp.79-85
    • /
    • 2001
  • A strain of Dictyophora echinovolvata ASI 32002 showing good fruiting body formation was selected. Analyses of chemical and nutritional components as well as antimicrobial activity of different parts of the mushroom such as mycelium, egg, and fruiting body were carried out. There were differences in the chemical compositions and the quantities depending on developmental stages of veiled lady mushroom, D. echinovolvata ASI 32002. Nitrogen, phosphate, magnesium, and calcium in inorganic chemicals were abundant in mycelium, and potassium and mineral elements were abundant in the egg and fruiting body. Mannitol and trehalose were abundant in free sugar contents. Glutamic acid and arginine in mycelium and aspartic acid and glutamic acid in egg and fruiting body were abundant in free amino acid contents. Linoleic acid, an polyunsaturated fatty acid, was abundant in all parts of the Dictyophora species, but compositions and quantities of other fatty acids varied depending on the different parts of the mushroom. It was detected that malic acid, lactic acid and acetic acid in mycelium, formic acid, acetic acid and fumaric acid in egg, and malic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid in fruiting body were abundant. The methanol extracts of D. echinovolvata ASI 32002 mycelium showed antifungal activity with minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of $62{\sim}125\;{\mu}g/ml$ that was similar levels of cyclohexamide against Aspergillus awamori, Hypocrea nigricance and Trichoderma virens. The MIC of extracts from mycelium and fruiting body against Candida albicans was $250\;{\mu}g/ml$, similar to that of tetracycline. In addition to the above results, further as food additives and ingredient of cosmetics.

  • PDF

Determination of the Optimum Application Rate of Pig Slurry for Red Pepper Cultivation (고추에 대한 돈분액비 시용기준 설정)

  • Kang, Bo-Goo;Kim, Hyun-Ju;Lee, Gyeong-Ja;Park, Seong-Gyu
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.37 no.6
    • /
    • pp.388-395
    • /
    • 2004
  • This study was carried out to determine the application rate of pig slurry for red pepper. Field experiment was designed with non-fertilizer, chemical fertilizer recommended by soil testing (CFRST) and pig slurry treatments. In pig slurry (PS) plots, pig slurry was applied as basal fertilizer with different equivalents to nitrogen of chemical fertilizer plot (60%: PS60, 80%: PS80, 100%: PS100, 120%: PS120) and chemical fertilizer was top-dressed additionally. Soil organic matter contents after 50 day of planting and after experiment in the plots treated with PS were higher than that of CFRST plot, whereas content of $NO_3-N$ of CFRST plot was higher than that of PS plot. Growth of red pepper were lowest in the non-fertilizer plot. Plant lengths of red pepper at 50 day after planting were similar among the different treatments, plant lengths of red pepper of PS100, PS120 and CFRST at 100 day after planting were higher than those of the PS60 and PS80 plots. But Main stem and stem diameter of red pepper were not different among the treatments. Uptake rate of N, P and K by red pepper plant were 27-44, 9-16 and 41-68% for total N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$, respectively. Utilization of applied fertilizer ingredient by red pepper plant were in the order of PS80> PS60> FRST> PS100> PS120. Yield of red pepper tends to increase by 3% in the PS100 compared with the CFRST, but there was not significant difference between PS120 and CFRST. Chemical component of run-off collected from the furrow of the red pepper field was not different among the treatments. Greenhouse gases ($CH_4$ and $N_2O$) emission of non-fertilizer, PS100 and CFRST during the whole red pepper growth period were 4.0, 4.8 and $5.9kg\;CH_4\;ha^{-1}$, and 0.74, 6.68 and $8.38kg\;N_2O\;ha^{-1}$. Emission of $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ in PS100 was higher than those of CFRST by 23% and 26%, respectively. In this connection, to be used the pig slurry for red pepper, it is required that pig slurry must be decomposed for six months or more. Consequently, pig slurry equivalent to nitrogen of basal fertilizer of CFRST with additional top dressing of chemical fertilizer is recommend as an optimum application rate of pig slurry for red pepper.

Fructus Sophorae Enhances the Production of Prostaglandin E2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α through Activation of MAPKs and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways in Murine Macrophages (대식세포에서 MAPKs 및 PI3K/AKT 신호전달계 활성을 통한 괴각 추출물의 prostaglandin E2 및 tumor necrosis factor-α 생성의 촉진)

  • Kang, Young-Soon;Han, Min Ho;Lee, Moon Hee;Hong, Su Hyun;Park, Heungsik;Jung, Jae-Chul;Lee, Jeongrai;Lee, Eun-Woo;Kang, Kyung Hwa;Kim, Cheol Min;Kim, Byung-Woo;Choi, Yung Hyun
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.23 no.11
    • /
    • pp.1397-1403
    • /
    • 2013
  • Fructus Sophorae, the dried ripe fruit of Styphnolobium japonicum (L.), is an herbal ingredient used in traditional Oriental medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Fructus Sophorae extracts (FSE) on immune modulation in a murine RAW 264.7 macrophage model. As immune response parameters, the production of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) and tumor necrotic $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) were evaluated. Our data revealed that FSE increased the macrophage activation and the production of $PGE_2$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$, which was consistently correlated with upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and $TNF-{\alpha}$ expression at both transcriptional and translational levels. On comparative cytokine protein array, FSE significantly increased several cytokines, which was associated with phosphorylation of mitogen- activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Akt in RAW 264.7 cells. However, each inhibitor of these molecules attenuated the FSE-induced $PGE_2$ production. These results indicate that FSE activated macrophages through the activation of MAPKs and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These findings suggest that FSE may provide a promising source of an immunoenhancing agent.

Investigation on the Characteristics of Vertical Composting System Using Layer Manure (수직 종형퇴비화시설에서의 산란계분 퇴비화 특성 조사 연구)

  • Kwag, J.H.;Kim, J.H.;Cho, S.H.;Jeong, K.H.;Choi, D.Y.;Jeong, Y.S.;Jeong, M.S.;Kang, H.S.;Ra, C.S.
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
    • /
    • v.16 no.3
    • /
    • pp.237-244
    • /
    • 2010
  • Using a vertical composting system in layer farms, the composting process was characterized in terms of temperature variation, change of moisture contents, fertilizer ingredient and so on. In this study, two types of layer farms were examined. The layer manure was produced as 3,300 and 116,650 kg/day for Farm A and Farm B, respectively. Also, their average moisture contents were 74.4% (Farm A) and 65.6 % (Farm B). The inside temperature of composting in Farm A was varied in the range of 50 to $70^{\circ}C$, and moisture content of it decreased from 59.5% to 20.6% at the edge of vertical composting system. While in Farm B, composting temperature was fluctuated between 50 and $65^{\circ}C$ and moisture content declined from 34.0% to 13.4% at the end of vertical composting system. The fertilizer ingredients such as T-N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ were not significantly influenced by seasonal effect. Their values were changed in the range of 0.90% to 0.47% for T-N, 0.16% to 0.42% for $P_2O_5$, and 0.22% to 0.28 for $K_2O$, respectively. Also, OM/N ratio was varied from 36.8 to 84.4.

Stability of the Fat Ingredients of Deep Fried Instant Noodles, Biscuits, and Cookies (라면, 비스킷, 및 쿠키속의 유지성분(油脂成分)의 안전성(安定性)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Hu, Tae-Ryun;Kim, Dong-Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.6 no.1
    • /
    • pp.24-29
    • /
    • 1974
  • Deep fried instant noodles, biscuits, and cookies were prepared, using the same beef tallow as their fat ingredient. In addition to wheat flour and beef tallow, the common and major ingredients, the deep fried instant noodle contained 1.5% salt before frying, the biscuits 20.0% sucrose and 10.0% nonfat milk solid before baking, and the cookies 20.0% sucrose before baking. The three products and a portion of beef tallow, which was to be used as control, were stored in an incubator at $47.0{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$. The peroxide value and the free fatty acid value of the control and the extracted fat were determined regularly during the storage period. The fat incorporated in the biscuits exhibited far greater stability to rancidity development than that of the control with regard to both peroxide value and free fatty acid value development. However, the fat incorporated in the deep fried instant noodles and the cookies showed much poorer stability than that of the control. Factors like a deep frying process and/or the presence of a significant amount of salt in the deep fried instant noodles appeared to promote the rancidity development of the fat incorporated in the product. On the other hand, Maillard type browning reaction products in the biscuits seemed to retard effectively the rancidity development of the fat incorporated in the product.

  • PDF

The Bibliographical Study on Development of Yackwa (약과(藥果) 문화(文化)의 변천에 관(關)한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察))

  • Cho, Shin-Ho;Lee, Hyo-Gee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
    • /
    • v.2 no.1
    • /
    • pp.33-43
    • /
    • 1987
  • The cooking processes of Yackwa writen in 27 Korean books were reviewed. The changes of the names, shapes, materials and methods of dough, and the methods of frying, the materials and methods of soaking, garnishes were reviewed based on the historical literatures. 1. The changes of names of Yackwa were Yackwa, Kwajul, Chokwa and the shapes were bird, animal, round or cubic. The diameter was about 3.5cm, and thickness was from 0.5cm to 1.5cm. 2. The major ingredients of Yackwa were flour, honey, sesame oil and alcohol beverages. Sometimes, soybean powder and rice powder were used instead of flour, and chochung, sugar water, sugar syrup were used instead of honey. Sesame oil was usually used but salad oil were used occasionally. Usually pure liquor, distilled spirits, rice wine, cloudy and coarse rice wine, whisky were used as alcoholic ingredient and water was used at boiling state. Sesame and sesame salt, ginger and ginger juice, pepper powder, pine nuts powder, salt were used as minor ingredients. 3. Though the flour was kneaded extensively or gently, the latter was peculier since 1940. 4. The dough was fried in oil at $120{\sim}160^{\circ}C$ for $5{\sim}15$ minutes. at that time, The shape will be broken if temperature of oil is too low and too harden if temperature is too high. 5. Fried dough was soaked in honey before 1940, but thereafter other sweeteners, such as chochung, syrup were also used. Ginger juice, dried ginger, citron juice were used for flavor. 6. For enhancing the flavor and softening excess oil was removed from the fried Yackwa, and then it was soaked in honey. 7. The garnishes of Yackwa were pine nuts powder, cinnamon powder, sugar, etc.

  • PDF

Bactericidal Efficacy of a Fumigation Disinfectant with Ortho-phenylphenol as an Active Ingredient Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Enterococcus Hirae (Ortho-phenylphenol을 주성분을 하는 훈증소독제의 Pseudomonas aeruginosa와 Enterococcus hirae에 대한 살균효과)

  • Cha, Chun-Nam;Park, Eun-Kee;Kim, Yongpal;Yu, Eun-Ah;Yoo, Chang-Yeol;Hong, Il-Hwa;Kim, Suk;Lee, Hu-Jang
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
    • /
    • v.29 no.1
    • /
    • pp.60-66
    • /
    • 2014
  • This test was performed to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of a fumigation disinfectant containing 20% ortho-phenylphenol against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Enterococcus hirae (E. hirae). In preliminary tests, P. aeruginosa and E. hirae working culture suspension number (N value) were $2.8{\times}10^8$ and $4.0{\times}10^8CFU/mL$, respectively. And all the colony numbers on the carriers exposed to the fumigant (n1, n2, n3) were higher than 0.5N1 (the number of bacterial test suspentions by pour plate method), 0.5N2 (the number of bacterial test suspentions by filter membrane method) and 0.5N1, respectively. In addition, the mean number of P. aeruginosa and E. hirae recovered on the control-carriers (T value) was $2.8{\times}10^8$ and $3.4{\times}10^6CFU/mL$, respectively. In the bactericidal effect of the fumigant, the reduction number of $2.8{\times}10^8$ (d value) was 6.46 and 5.19 logCFU/mL, respectively. According to the French standard for the fumigant, the d value for the effective bactericidal fumigant should be over than 5 logCFU/mL. With the results from this study, the fumigation disinfectant containing 20% ortho-phenylphenol has an effective bactericidal activity, then the fumigant can be applied to disinfect food materials and kitchen appliances contaminated with the pathogenic bacteria.

Analytical Validation of Rosmarinic Acid in Water Extract of Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo as Functional Health Ingredient (건강기능식품 기능성 원료로써 장흥 차조기 열수 추출물의 지표성분인 로즈마린산 분석법 검증)

  • Park, Sung-Yong;Kim, Jung-Eun;Choi, Chul-Yung;Lee, Dong-Wook;Kim, Ki-Man;Yoon, Goo;Yoon, In-Su;Moon, Hong-Seop;Cho, Seung-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.44 no.1
    • /
    • pp.85-88
    • /
    • 2015
  • This study attempted to establish an HPLC analysis method for determination of marker compounds as a part of material standardization for the development of health functional food materials from Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo. The quantitative determination method of rosmarinic acid as a marker compound of P. frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo extract (PFE) was optimized by HPLC analysis using a C18 column ($4.6{\times}150mm$, $5{\mu}m$) with 0.1% acetic acid as the elution gradient and methanol as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection wavelength of 280 nm. The HPLC/UV method was applied successfully to quantification of the marker compound in PFE after validation of the method with linearity, accuracy, and precision. The method showed high linearity in the calibration curve at a coefficient of correlation ($R^2$) of 0.9995, and the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were $0.36{\mu}g/mL$ and $1.2{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values of data from intra- and inter-day precision were less than 3.21% and 1.43%, respectively. Recovery rate test at rosmarinic acid concentrations of 12.5, 25 and $50{\mu}g/mL$ scored between 97.04~98.98% with RSD values from 0.25~1.97%. These results indicate that the established HPLC method is very useful for the determination of marker compound in PFE to develop a health functional material.

New Whitening Agent : Selina-4(14), 7(11)-dien-8-one (신규 미백제 : Selina-4(14), 7(11)-dien-8-one)

  • Kim, Cheong-Taek;Chang, Yun-Hee;Lee, Sang-Hwa;Kang, Sang-Jin;Cho, Wan-Goo
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
    • /
    • v.31 no.1 s.49
    • /
    • pp.17-23
    • /
    • 2005
  • We had previously reported that Selina (selina-4(14), 7(11)-dien-8-one) was isolated from methanol extract of Afractylodes rhizome and has strong whitening activity in B16 melanoma cells. In this report, we demonstrated its action mechanism in melan-a cells, non-tumorigenic melanocytes. We also investigated the clinical efficacy of cosmetic preparation containing Selina. Selina reduced the melanin synthesis of Melan-a cells by $50\%$ at a concentration of $10 {\mu}g/mL$ without any apparent cytotoxicity. We also found that the treatment of cells with Selina decreased tyrosinase activity by $60\%$ at a concentration of $10 {\mu}g/mL$ but Selina was not a direct inhibitor of tyrosinase activities. To elucidate the action mechanism of Selina, we investigated the changes in mRNA and protein level of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. As a result, the mRNA and protein level of tyrosinase were markedly reduced at $10 {\mu}g/mL$ of Selina without any effect on TRP-1 and TRP-2. These results suggest that Selina exerts its whitening effect mainly through regulating expression of tyrosinase. A 7 week-clinical trial using formulation containing $0.2\%$ selina-4(14), 7(11)-dien-8-one with 20 volunteers resulted in statistically significant whitening effect (p < 0.05), without any adverse effect. Based on these results, Selina (selina-4(14), 7(11)-dien-8-one) can be s useful and safe ingredient for the cleanness and brightness of skin.

Preparation of Liquid Crystal Emulsion for Transdermal Delivery of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Physical Characteristics and In Vitro Skin Permeation Studies (글리시리직애씨드의 경피 전달을 위한 액정 에멀젼의 제조와 물리적 특성 및 In Vitro 피부투과 연구)

  • Jung, Jin Woo;Yoo, Cha Young;Park, Soo Nam
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
    • /
    • v.41 no.4
    • /
    • pp.315-324
    • /
    • 2015
  • In this study, we prepared liquid crystal emulsion composed of amphiphilic substance $C_{14-22}$ alcohol, $C_{12-20}$ alkyl glucoside, behenyl alcohol and studied liquid crystal emulsion of properties and in vitro skin permeation. The results of formulation experiments, the clear liquid crystalline structure was observed in the ratio of $C_{14-22}$ alcohol 0.8%, $C_{12-20}$ alkyl glucoside 3.2%, behenyl alcohol 4% in the formulation. The results of physical property measurements, the viscosity of liquid crystal emulsion and O/W emulsion applied as a control group was respectively $1871.26{\sim}1.15Pa{\cdot}s$, $1768.69{\sim}1.14Pa{\cdot}s$ and the shear stress of O/W emulsion was 178.68 ~ 909.18 Pa, that of liquid crystal emulsion was 190.45 ~ 919.38 Pa. The storage modulus of O/W emulsion was 3428.53 ~ 9157.45 Pa, that of liquid crystal emulsion was 4487.82 ~ 8195.59 Pa. The tan (delta) value of O/W emulsion which means a ratio of viscosity to elasticity was 0.43 ~ 0.19, and that of liquid crystal emulsion was 0.23 ~ 0.25. The water content value on the skin for liquid crystal emulsion was significantly higher from 1 h to 6 h compared with that of O/W emulsion and the transepidermal water loss on the skin was significantly superior in skin moisture loss suppression from 30 min to 4 h compared with that of O/W emulsion. The results of skin permeation using glycyrrhizic acid, the result of skin permeation amount of liquid crystal emulsion for 24 h was $64.58{\mu}g/cm^2$, that of O/W emulsion was $37.07{\mu}g/cm^2$, that of butylene glycol solution was $41.05{\mu}g/cm^2$. Hourly permeability results, it is showed that skin penetration effect of the liquid crystal emulsion increases after 8 h. These results suggest that liquid crystal emulsions are effective for skin moisturizing effect and function as potential efficacy ingredient delivery system for the transdermal delivery.