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http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2013.23.11.1397

Fructus Sophorae Enhances the Production of Prostaglandin E2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α through Activation of MAPKs and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways in Murine Macrophages  

Kang, Young-Soon (Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine)
Han, Min Ho (Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine)
Lee, Moon Hee (Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine)
Hong, Su Hyun (Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine)
Park, Heungsik (NOVAREX Co., Ltd. Life Science Institute)
Jung, Jae-Chul (NOVAREX Co., Ltd. Life Science Institute)
Lee, Jeongrai (NOVAREX Co., Ltd. Life Science Institute)
Lee, Eun-Woo (Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University)
Kang, Kyung Hwa (Department of Pathology, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine)
Kim, Cheol Min (Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development)
Kim, Byung-Woo (Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University)
Choi, Yung Hyun (Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.23, no.11, 2013 , pp. 1397-1403 More about this Journal
Abstract
Fructus Sophorae, the dried ripe fruit of Styphnolobium japonicum (L.), is an herbal ingredient used in traditional Oriental medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Fructus Sophorae extracts (FSE) on immune modulation in a murine RAW 264.7 macrophage model. As immune response parameters, the production of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) and tumor necrotic $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) were evaluated. Our data revealed that FSE increased the macrophage activation and the production of $PGE_2$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$, which was consistently correlated with upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and $TNF-{\alpha}$ expression at both transcriptional and translational levels. On comparative cytokine protein array, FSE significantly increased several cytokines, which was associated with phosphorylation of mitogen- activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Akt in RAW 264.7 cells. However, each inhibitor of these molecules attenuated the FSE-induced $PGE_2$ production. These results indicate that FSE activated macrophages through the activation of MAPKs and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These findings suggest that FSE may provide a promising source of an immunoenhancing agent.
Keywords
Fructus Sophorae; immune modulation; macrophages; $PGE_2$; cytokines;
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