• 생태와환경
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2008

Direct effects of zooplankton grazing activities on the natural assemblage of bacterioplankton and algae were evaluated at monthly intervals, from June to October of 2000, in the middle part of the River Spree, Germany. We quantified bacterioplankton, algae, zooplankton abundance and measured carbon ingestion rates (CIRs) by zooplankton according to two zooplankton size classes: (i) micro zooplankton (MICZ), ranging in size from 30 to $150{\mu}m$ and including rotifers and nauplii, excluding protozoans and (ii) macrozooplankton (MACZ), larger than $150{\mu}m$ and including cladocerans and copepods. CIRs were measured using natural bacterial and algae communities in the zooplankton density manipulation experiments. Algae biomass (average${\pm}$SD: $377{\pm}306{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}$, n=5) was always higher than bacterial biomass ($36.7{\pm}9.9{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}$, n=5). Total zooplankton biomass varied from 19.8 to $137{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}$. Total mean biomass of zooplankton was $59.9{\pm}52.5{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}$ (average${\pm}$SD, n=5). Average MICZ biomass ($40.2{\pm}47.6{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}$ n=5) was nearly twofold higher than MACZ biomass ($19.6{\pm}20.6{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}$ n=5). Total zooplankton CIRs on algae (average${\pm}$SD: $56.6{\pm}26.4{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}\;day^{-1}$) were $\sim$fourfold higher than that on bacteria $(12.7{\pm}6.0{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}\;day^{-1})$. MICZ CIRs on bacteria $(7.0{\pm}2.8{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}\;day^{-1})$ and algae $(28.6{\pm}20.6{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}\;day^{-1})$ were slightly higher than MACZ CIRs. On average, MICZ accounted for 55.6 and 50.5% of total zooplankton grazing on bacteria and algae, respectively. Considering the MICZ and MACZ CIRs, the relative role of transferring carbon to higher trophic levels were nearly similar between both communities in the lake-river ecosystem.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.109-113
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• 1969

Podisus maculiventris 幼蟲의 各齡期別 및 成蟲의 雌雄別 捕食量을 調査하기 爲하여 幼蟲의 2, 3, 4, 5齡 및 成蟲의 雌雄別로 1區를 3組씩으로 하여 各區 및 各組에 幼蟲의 境遇는 5, 10, 20mg 그리고 成蟲의 境遇는 20, 40, 50mg 되는 미국흰불나방 幼蟲을 供給하여 P. maculiventris의 捕食量을 調査하였으며 Holling 의 "disc" equation에 依하여 計算된 豫想捕食量을 求하여 觀察捕食量과 豫想捕食量과의 相關關係를 調査하였다. 1. 幼蟲의 境遇는 5, 10, 20mg 의 diet level에 따라 2齡때는 11.23, 18.4, 20.7mg, 3齡때는 12.3, 12.37, 28.3mg, 4齡때는 18.17, 40.3, 42.7mg 그리고 5齡때는 51.7, 92.7, 130.2mg의 捕食量을 보여 주었다. 2. 成蟲의 境遇는 20, 40, 50mg의 diet level에 따라 雄性은 528, 740.3, 545.1mg, 雌性은 516.5, 627.5, 603.3mg의 捕食量을 보여주었다. 3. 幼蟲 및 雌雄成蟲에 觀察捕食量과 豫想捕食量과의 사이에는 相互 比例關係가 있었다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2011

Purpose: This study investigated the effect on survival rate for organophosphate intoxication patients who received trachostomy. This research was conducted to help identify appropriate treatment of patients who received a trachostomy. Methods: This research was retrospectively conducted using the medical records of 141 patients who arrived at the Chosun University Hospital emergency medical center between Jan 2007 and Dec 2010, suffering from organophosphate intoxication. They were placed in two groups including one which received trachostomy as part of their treatment and one that did not. The effect of each variable on mortality was evaluated by regressionanalysis. Results: Of 141 patients with organophosphate intoxication, 105 of them did not tracheostomy and 16 were dead cohorts (15.2%). Their size of pupil was 1mm. Factors such as amount of organophosphate ingested, PAM time after ingestion, average body temperature, arrival time, atropinization time after ingestion, AST/ALT, Bun/Cr all appeared to be significant factors in death cohorts (P<0.05). 36 patients among the total had tracheostomy and 11 ones of them were in dead cohort (30.6%) and their average age was 58 years. The facts affect the state of patients in dead cohort include the amount of intoxication which between $327.27{\pm}194.1ml$, performing intubation 686 mins after intubation, reaching to the hospital after 580mins, injecting PAM 744 mins after intoxication, injecting atropine 627 mins after intoxication. The largest cases of patient's state was found to be stupor with 14 patients (38.9%) the level of Cholinesterase in blood appeared to be significant in dead cohort as $391.00{\pm}353.9IU/L$ (P<0.05). Conclusion: Further planned studies are necessary on the use of tracheostomy for treatment of poisoning victims, especially those intoxicated by organophosphorus insecticides.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.195-203
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• 1974

제주도산 은어의 어체량이 전소한 사실에 대하여 그 원인을 구명하는 일환으로 성장이 빠른 하계의 개체생산 속도를 1973년 6월 18일부터 9월 25일까지 강정천에서 조사한 바 자료수가 만족스럽지는 못하나 본체조자료에서는 다음과 같은 결과를 추정할 수 있었다. 1) 1973년도 하계에 있어서 강정천산 은어의 개체생산속도에 대하여 Table 5와 같이 추정하였다. 2) 강정천산 은어의 개체생산속도는 일본 우주산의 것게 비하여 불과 $7.2\%$였고, 부착조류에 현존량도 $6.7\%$에 지나지 않으며 전체적으로 극히 미비하였다. 3) 조사기간을 통하여 부착조류의 현존량으로 볼 때 서식밀도가 평균 5.2미/$m^2$로써 수용한계추정 미수 4.8미 /$m^2$보다 많은 수인 5.2미/$m^2$였다. 4) 강정천산 은어의 하계 개체생산속도는 주로 8월에서 9월 사이에 왕성히 이루어지고 있음을 알았다. 5) 개체생산속도의 성적이 좋지 못한 것은 이식량의 부족에 있는 것으로 보았으며, 이는 부착조류의 생산량이 적고 서식밀도가 과다한 데다 일중 평균수온이 낮아 섭이활동이 활발치 못한 데서 기인한 것으로 추측되었으며, 이러한 요인들이 일차적으로 강정천의 은어 생산속도에 크게 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 보았다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2020

Foreign body (FB) ingestion is commonly seen in the ear nose and throat (ENT) field, with different presentations and sequelae. FBs can arrest in the upper aerodigestive tract or continue further down into either the airway tract to the bronchus or the digestive tract to the intestines. The pathway of an FB depends on the size and shape of the FB and how sharp its edges are. Since the 20th century, the use of disposable stainless-steel needles in the oral cavity has proven to be an effective and safe method for performing various intraoral procedures like dental infiltration or a root canal wash. Complications from their use are rare. Generally, dental needle breakages are caused by patients biting the needle, incorrect injection techniques, or inadequate preventative measures. The sudden movement of a patient during a procedure is one of the most common causes of breakage. Occasionally, needles are swallowed during dental procedures such as a root canal. Here, we report a case of a patient that swallowed a broken needle during a dental procedure. A few days later, the patient presented with neck pain, swelling, and a FB sensation. When the patient presented, she claimed that her symptoms had onset after consuming a meal containing duck meat. Initially, the patient was diagnosed as having ingested a duck bone. However, intraoperatively, the FB was discovered to be an injection needle that had migrated from the throat to the neck.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.139-150
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• 1994

Egg cholesterol has been a hot issue in respect of it's effect on health and diseases in human. There is a general recognition that the cholesterol from eggs is similar to that from the other dietary sources in its biochemical functions. Many evidences show that egg yolk increased plasma cholesterol levels at an average rate of 2.3 mg /100 rnL plasma for every 100 mg cholesterol consumed. The elevation of plasma cholesterol could, however, be altered by various dietary factors such as ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids. Blood cholesterol levels of Korean adults have been raised up to, on the average, 193 and 187 mg /100 mL plasma for men and women, respectively, from 167/5 mg /100 mL in 1980. Furthermore, proportion of hypercholesterolemics(> 210 mg /dL) has been increased up to 23% of the population. These changes in blood cholesterol levels are attributed to the changes of dietary patterns, suggesting the arguement that Koreans are insensitive to changes of blood cholesterol is not right. Egg cholesterol levels have never been successfully reduced to any significant levels even with tremendous amounts of efforts made during last decades. The alternative and the best way to control blood cholesterol level originating from egg consumption appeares to enrich egg fat with omega-3 series fatty acids. Ingestion of the fatty acid group has specific functions to reduce hypertension and prevent various types of cancer as well as to reduce blood cholesterol. Another way to reduce egg cholesterol directly is to produce smaller egg yolk without reducing whole egg size since cholesterol is located only in the yolk. It is important to keep faith with consumers by providing correct informations on eggs, meanwhile efforts need to focus on to improve the quality of eggs as one of the best protein food items.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.872-879
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• 2007

A study was conducted to investigate the seasonal changes in nutrient composition of pasture, voluntary intake and digestibility of sheep grazing an introduced Leymus chinensis pasture located in western Jilin Province, China. The whole-plant of L. chinensis and the samples simulating ingestion by sheep (simulating sample) were collected in spring (May, 2004), summer (July, 2004), autumn (September, 2004) and the end of winter (April, 2005). The contents of gross energy (GE), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and alkanes were determined. Voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of the nutrients in each season were also examined using 6 mature Chinese Northeast Merino ewes (differed among the seasons) grazing on a paddock of 1 ha size. The apparent digestibilities of GE, dry matter (DM), OM, CP, NDF and ADF of L. chinensis were significantly greater (p<0.05) in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. Metabolizable energy (ME) content was 12.13, 11.62, 8.66 and 10.40 MJ/kg DM for L. chinensis in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively, and the corresponding voluntary feed intakes were 91, 119, 59 and 58 g/d per kg metabolic weight ($LW^{0.75}$). The ME contents and DM intakes in autumn and winter were significantly lower than in spring and summer (p<0.05). The intake of L. chinensis pasture was sufficient to provide ME requirements for maintenance by the dry ewes in all the seasons, but inadequate for maintenance protein requirement in winter. (Supported by funds from National Basic Research Program of China, Grant No. 2007CB106800).

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2012

무인항공기의 정찰 및 정보 수집 능력을 효율적으로 수행하기 위해 장기 체공 능력이 요구된다. 분산 추진 장치는 대형 추진 장치를 복수의 소형 추진 장치들로 대체하여 추력을 얻는 장치이다. 날개의 스팬 길이를 따라 넓게 분포하여 효율이 증가하며, 유동의 흡입을 통해 경계층을 제어하고 출구에서 분사되는 흐름이 항공기에 부착되어 흐르기 때문에 양항비가 증가한다. 본 연구에서는 전익기 융합익기와 분산 추진 장치가 장기 체공 성능을 향상시키는 점에 착안하여 연구를 수행하였다. Eppler 337 에어포일 유닛에 추진 장치의 위치 및 입 출구 가로세로비 변화에 따라 나타나는 공력특성을 분석했다. CFD를 사용하여 공력해석을 수행하였고, 빠른 해석 결과를 얻을 수 있도록 팬 영역에 작동판 이론을 적용하였다. 양항비와 모멘트 비교를 통해 추진 장치의 위치 및 형상을 결정하고자 한다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1198-1207
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• 2019

고지방식이에 의해 유도한 비만모델동물에서 지장김치의 혈액 중 유해 지질 감소, 항비만 효능 및 그 작용 메카니즘을 조사하였다. 4개의 처리구는 CD(일반식이를 섭취한 정상 대조구, chow diet as normal control), HFD(고지방식이를 섭취한 비만 대조구, high fat diet as obesity), HFDCK(고지방식이+일반김치 추출물 투여구), HFDJK(고지방식이+지장김치 추출물 투여구)로 구분하여 김치추출물을 28일 동안 경구투여 하였다. 체중, 간 및 지방조직 무게는 비만모델동물에서 HFDJK가 HFDCK에 비해서 낮았다(p<0.05). 혈액 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, LDL-C, 혈당은 HFD와 비교할 때 CD, HFDJK, HFDCK의 순서대로 낮았으며 HFDJK는 HFDCK에 비해 낮았다(p<0.05). 간 및 지방세포의 크기는 HFD, HFDCK, HFDJK의 순서대로 증가하였으며 HFDJK는 HFDCK에 비해서 크게 낮았다(p<0.05). 결과는 비만모델동물에서 지장김치의 섭취가 일반김치에 비해서 혈액 지질과 혈당을 낮추고 지방세포의 크기를 줄여줌으로써 항비만 효능을 갖는다는 점을 나타낸다.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2009년도 학술논문요약집
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• pp.84-85
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• 2009

New approaches for detecting, preventing and remedying environmental damage are important for protection of the environment. Procedures must be developed and implemented to reduce the amount of waste produced in chemical processes, to detect the presence and/or concentration of contaminants and decontaminate fouled environments. Contamination can be classified into three general types: airborne, surface and structural. The most dangerous type is airborne contamination, because of the opportunity for inhalation and ingestion. The second most dangerous type is surface contamination. Surface contamination can be transferred to workers by casual contact and if disturbed can easily be made airborne. The decontamination of the surface in the nuclear facilities has been widely studied with particular emphasis on small and large surfaces. The amount of wastes being produced during decommissioning of nuclear facilities is much higher than the total wastes cumulated during operation. And, the process of decommissioning has a strong possibility of personal's exposure and emission to environment of the radioactive contaminants, requiring through monitoring and estimation of radiation and radioactivity. So, it is important to monitor the radioactive contamination level of the nuclear facilities for the determination of the decontamination method, the establishment of the decommissioning planning, and the worker's safety. But it is very difficult to measure the surface contamination of the floor and wall in the highly contaminated facilities. In this study, the poly(styrene-ethyl acrylate) [poly(St-EA)] core-shell composite polymer for measurement of the radioactive contamination was synthesized by the method of emulsion polymerization. The morphology of the poly(St-EA) composite emulsion particle was core-shell structure, with polystyrene (PS)as the core and poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) as the shell. Core-shell polymers of styrene (St)/ethyl acrylate (EA) pair were prepared by sequential emulsion polymerization in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SOS) as an emulsifier using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The polymer was made by impregnating organic scintillators, 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) and 1,4-bis[5-phenyl-2-oxazol]benzene (POPOP). Related tests and analysis confirmed the success in synthesis of composite polymer. The products are characterized by IT-IR spectroscopy, TGA that were used, respectively, to show the structure, the thermal stability of the prepared polymer. Two-phase particles with a core-shell structure were obtained in experiments where the estimated glass transition temperature and the morphologies of emulsion particles. Radiation pollution level the detection about under using examined the beta rays. The morphology of the poly(St-EA) composite polymer synthesized by the method of emulsion polymerization was a core-shell structure, as shown in Fig. 1. Core-shell materials consist of a core structural domain covered by a shell domain. Clearly, the entire surface of PS core was covered by PEA. The inner region was a PS core and the outer region was a PEA shell. The particle size distribution showed similar in the range 350-360 nm.