• 천문학논총
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 2012

Nearby spiral galaxies M101 and M81 are considered to have undergone a galaxy-galaxy interaction. M101 has experienced HI gas infall due to the interaction. With AKARI far-infrared (IR) photometric observations, we found regions with enhanced star forming activity, which are spatially close to regions affected by the interaction. In addition, the relation between the star formation rate (SFR) and the gas content for such regions shows a significant difference from typical spiral arm regions. We discuss possible explanations for star formation processes on a kiloparsec scale and the association with interaction-triggered star formation. We also observed the compact group of galaxies Stephan's Quintet (SQ) with the AKARI Far-infrared Surveyor (FIS). The SQ shows diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM) due to multiple collisions between the member galaxies and the IGM. The intruder galaxy NGC 7318b is currently colliding with the IGM and causes a large-scale shock. The 160 micron image clearly shows the structure along the shock ridge as seen in warm molecular hydrogen line emission and X-ray emission. The far-IR emission from the shocked region comes from the luminous [CII]$158{\mu}m$ line and cold dust (~ 20 K) that coexist with molecular hydrogen gas. Survival of dust grains is indispensable to form molecular hydrogen gas within the collision age (~ 5 Myr). At the stage of the dusty IGM environment, [CII] and $H_2$ lines rather than X-ray emission are powerful cooling channels to release the collision energy.

• 천문학논총
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.141-145
• /
• 2017

We study $CO_2/H_2O$ ice abundance ratios in nearby galaxies using AKARI near-infrared slit spectroscopy. Past studies of the ices intensively examined $CO_2/H_2O$ ratios mainly in our Galaxy, and found that there were considerable variations in the $CO_2/H_2O$ ratios from object to object. The cause of the variations is, however, still under debate. As a result of the analysis of our sample that includes 1031 regions in 158 galaxies, the $CO_2/H_2O$ ratios are in a range of 0.05-0.30. In the dataset, we find that the $CO_2/H_2O$ ratios positively correlate with the $Br{\alpha}/PAH$ $3.3{\mu}m$ ratios which reflect the massive star formation activity. Furthermore, we find that the $CO_2/H_2O$ ratios positively correlate with the specific star formation rates of the galaxies where the ices are detected, that reflect the evolutionary stage of a galaxy. These results suggest that the $CO_2/H_2O$ ratios are enhanced in active star-forming regions and young galaxies.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.76.1-76.1
• /
• 2010

With advancement of infrared space telescopes during the past decade, infrared wavelength regime has been a focal point to study various properties of galaxies, such as stellar mass, dust contents and dust-hidden star formation with respect to evolution of galaxies. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have emerged as one of the most important features since these features dominate mid-infrared spectra of galaxies. These PAH features provide a great handle to calibrate star formation rates and diagnose ionized states of grains. However, PAH $3.3{\mu}m$ feature has not been studied as much as other PAH features since it is weaker than others and resides outside of Spitzer's capability. Still its calibration and characterization are important since it will be the only PAH feature accessible by JWST for high-z galaxies. AKARI mJy Unbiased Survey of Extragalactic Sources in 5MUSES (AMUSES) intends to take advantage of AKARI's capability of spectroscopy on 2 to 5 ${\mu}m$ to provide an unbiased library of 44 sample galaxies selected from a parent sample of 5MUSES, one of Spitzer legacy projects. For these 3.3mm flux limited sample galaxies whose redshifts range between 0 < z <1, AMUSES will calibrate PAH $3.3{\mu}m$ as a SFR while measuring ratios between PAH features and investigating Bra's potential as a SFR indicator. We present preliminary results of AMUSES.

• 천문학논총
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.151-152
• /
• 2012

We present the method of star/galaxy separation based on the support vector machines (SVM) in the data from the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Deep survey collected through nine AKARI / IRC bands from 2 to $24{\mu}m$, with a classification accuracy of 93 %.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.36.1-36.1
• /
• 2018

Star formation activity of galaxies, along with color and morphology, show significant environmental dependence in local universe, where galaxies in dense environment tend to be more quiescent and redder. However, many studies show that such environmental dependence does not continue at higher redshifts beyond z~1. The question of how the environmental dependence of galactic properties have developed over time is crucial to understanding cosmic galactic evolution. By combining data from Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey(CFHTLS), Infrared Medium-Deep Survey(IMS), and other surveys, the photometric redshifts of galaxies in CFHTLS W2 field were estimated by fitting spectral energy distribution. The distribution of galaxies was mapped in redshift bins of 0.05 interval from 0.6 to 1.4. For each redshift bin, the number density was mapped. The galaxies in high density regions were grouped into clusters using friend-of-friend method. The color of galaxies were analyzed to study the correlation with redshift as well as environmental difference between field galaxies and cluster member galaxies.

• 천문학논총
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.151-153
• /
• 2017

Early-type galaxies (ETGs) are generally dominated by old low-mass stars, which are not very productive of dust, and hot interstellar plasmas, which are very destructive of dust. Thus ETGs provide harsh environments for survival of dust. It has been found that some ETGs contain a large amount of dust, and yet its supply mechanism is not understood well. We present the result of a systematic study of dust in ETGs with the AKARI mid- and far-infrared all-sky surveys. From the AKARI result and the Ks band data obtained by ground-based telescopes, we find that there is a global correlation between the dust mass and stellar luminosity. We also compare the AKARI all-sky survey result with the CO data to discuss origins of dust in ETGs.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.44.2-45
• /
• 2016

We present near-infrared photometric properties of red supergiant stars (RSGs) in three galaxies NGC 4449, NGC 5055 and NGC 5457. The near-infrared imaging data of WFCAM UKIRT were used and combined with optical archive data to identify the RSGs in the galaxies. We found that the RSGs can be identified from the foreground Galactic stars in (i-K, ri) colour-colour diagram. The effective temperatures and luminosities of the identified RSGs are estimated from JHK photometry using MARCS model. In the H-R diagram, the majority of RSGs in the galaxies are distributed between $logL/L{\odot}=4.8$ and 5.7, and their effective temperature and luminosities agree with the current evolutionary tracks with masses in the range $9-30M{\odot}$. We also compared the spatial distribution of RSGs with the HII regions. A tight spatial correlation between RSGs and HII region was found in NGC 4449 and NGC 5457. We do not find a clear metallicity dependance on the RSG effective temperature in the three galaxies, but the maximum luminosity of the three galaxies is constant at $logL/L{\odot}{\sim}5.6$. Additional spectroscopy data, including photometry are essential to examine whether the physical properties of RSGs change with metallicity.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.75.3-75.3
• /
• 2017

We Investigate dust stripping of Virgo cluster galaxies that are known to suffer HI gas stripping. The gas stripping phenomena of these galaxies may result from either ram pressure induced by the hot intracluster medium or gravitational tidal interactions between galaxies. While much efforts have been made to directly detect gas removed from cluster galaxies, the spatial distributions of dust, which should also be affected, are hardly known. Several previous studies have tried to directly detect the morphology of gas or dust using radio or infrared observations, but such approaches are hard to widely apply because of the limit of observational resolution and sensitivity. In this study, we try a different approach using optical data: measuring the background galaxy reddening by the dust stripped from the Virgo cluster members. Based on optical color excess maps of the background galaxies, we compare the ambient dust distribution with the HI morphology of the Virgo galaxies. We discuss how efficiently dust stripping can be detected with this method and how the stripped dust is associated with the removed gas according to HI gas stripping stage over the sample.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.27-27
• /
• 2013

Development of bolometer array and camera at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths plays an important role for detecting submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) which appear to be very bright at the submillimeter and millimeter wavelengths. These SMGs, luminous infrared galaxies detected at mm/submm wavelengths seem to be progenitors of present-day massive galaxies and account for their considerable contributions to the light from the early universe and their expected high star formation rates (SFRs) if there is a close link between the SMG phenomena and the star formation activities and the interstellar dust in galaxies is mainly heated by the star light. In this talk, we review assembly of SMGs compiled with observations using the bolometer arrays and cameras and investigate their spectral energy distribution fits including the data at other wavelengths which trace the photometric properties and the red-shift distribution of galaxies. We find that these bright SMGs significantly contribute to the cosmic star formation rate density at red-shifts of 2-3 (about 8 %) for the spatial distribution of these galaxies.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.77.1-77.1
• /
• 2019

We present the results of the merger fraction evolution for galaxies in NEP-Wide field depending on star formation mode and redshift. We select the galaxies which have AKARI 9 ㎛ detections as a sample for large number of galaxies. We use multi-wavelength data from GALEX to Herschel, and Subaru HSC i-band images for analysis. We classify the merger galaxies with using Gini and M20, which are non-parametric calculated by statmorph code. We obtain the total infrared luminosity from the SED modeling with using one band, AKARI 9 ㎛. We find that the merger fractions of galaxies in all different star formation mode increase as the redshift increases. However, with fixed mass range of 10.5 < log(M🞵) < 11.5, the merger fractions of starbursts significantly increase as the redshift increases compared to those of main sequence and quiescent galaxies. We discuss the implications of these results in this poster.