• Title/Summary/Keyword: Infrared analysis system

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Comparisons between Micro-Kjeldahl and Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Protein Content Analysis of Malting Barley Grain (근적외분광분석법과 Micro-Kjeldahl 법 간의 맥주보리 종실의 단백질함량 분석 비교)

  • Kim, Byung-Joo;Suh, Duck-Yong;Suh, Hyung-Soo
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.489-494
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    • 1994
  • Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy(NIRS) has been used as a tool for the rapid, accurate, protein assay of malting barley. NIRS used in this study was filter type instruments, Neotec 102. The objective of this study was to obtain the best calibration equation, for the rapid, ease and accurate protein content analysis of malting barley using NIRS system. The optimum wavelength for protein content analysis used NIRS were 2095nm, 2095/1941nm, 2095/1941/2282nm, 2905/1941/2282/2086nm, respectively. Mean protein content with this calibration equation in NIRS analysis was 10.59%, while 10.60% in Micro-Kjeldahl one. The range of protein content in Micro-Kjeldahl was 8.66~12.66% and that in NIRS was 8.80~12.35%. When 18 other varieties produced in 1992 were analysed with 2095nm, 2095/1941nm, 2095/1941/2282nm, 2095/1941/2282/2086nm equation, standard deviation of difference (SDD)and standard error of performence(SEP) and $R^2$ values were 0.47, 0.43, 0.95, respectively. Both the mean protein content by Micro-Kjeldahl and by NIRS was 10.25%. With this equation, analysied 31 varities produced in 1993, SDD and SEP and r values were 0.69, 0.67, 0.91, respectively, and that bias value was 0.65. In this analysis, mean protein content by Micro-Kjeldahl was 10.17% and by NIRS was 10.81%. The range of protein content in Micro-Kjeldahl was 7.58~14.29%, What that in NIRS was 8.63~13.93%. After adjusted bias in the best calibration equation, mean protein content of Micro-Kjeldahl was 10.17% and that of NIRS was 10.09%, without variance of SDD, SEP and r values.

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Prediction of moisture contents in green peppers using hyperspectral imaging based on a polarized lighting system

  • Faqeerzada, Mohammad Akbar;Rahman, Anisur;Kim, Geonwoo;Park, Eunsoo;Joshi, Rahul;Lohumi, Santosh;Cho, Byoung-Kwan
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.995-1010
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    • 2020
  • In this study, a multivariate analysis model of partial least square regression (PLSR) was developed to predict the moisture content of green peppers using hyperspectral imaging (HSI). In HSI, illumination is essential for high-quality image acquisition and directly affects the analytical performance of the visible near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (VIS/NIR-HSI) system. When green pepper images were acquired using a direct lighting system, the specular reflection from the surface of the objects and their intensities fluctuated with time. The images include artifacts on the surface of the materials, thereby increasing the variability of data and affecting the obtained accuracy by generating false-positive results. Therefore, images without glare on the surface of the green peppers were created using a polarization filter at the front of the camera lens and by exposing the polarizer sheet at the front of the lighting systems simultaneously. The results obtained from the PLSR analysis yielded a high determination coefficient of 0.89 value. The regression coefficients yielded by the best PLSR model were further developed for moisture content mapping in green peppers based on the selected wavelengths. Accordingly, the polarization filter helped achieve an uniform illumination and the removal of gloss and artifact glare from the green pepper images. These results demonstrate that the HSI technique with a polarized lighting system combined with chemometrics can be effectively used for high-throughput prediction of moisture content and image-based visualization.

Feasibility Study for an Optical Sensing System for Hardy Kiwi (Actinidia arguta) Sugar Content Estimation

  • Lee, Sangyoon;Sarkar, Shagor;Park, Youngki;Yang, Jaekyeong;Kweon, Giyoung
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.53 no.3
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    • pp.147-157
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    • 2019
  • In this study, we tried to find out the most appropriate pre-processing method and to verify the feasibility of developing a low-price sensing system for predicting the hardy kiwis sugar content based on VNIRS and subsequent spectral analysis. A total of 495 hardy kiwi samples were collected from three farms in Muju, Jeollabukdo, South Korea. The samples were scanned with a spectrophotometer in the range of 730-2300 nm with 1 nm spectral sampling interval. The measured data were arbitrarily separated into calibration and validation data for sugar content prediction. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was performed using various combinations of pre-processing methods. When the latent variable (LV) was 8 with the pre-processing combination of standard normal variate (SNV) and orthogonal signal correction (OSC), the highest R2 values of calibration and validation were 0.78 and 0.84, respectively. The possibility of predicting the sugar content of hardy kiwi was also examined at spectral sampling intervals of 6 and 10 nm in the narrower spectral range from 730 nm to 1200 nm for a low-price optical sensing system. The prediction performance had promising results with R2 values of 0.84 and 0.80 for 6 and 10 nm, respectively. Future studies will aim to develop a low-price optical sensing system with a combination of optical components such as photodiodes, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and/or lamps, and to locate a more reliable prediction model by including meteorological data, soil data, and different varieties of hardy kiwi plants.

Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics of a Plate Structure under Mechanical and Thermal Loading (외력과 열하중을 동시에 받는 판구조의 열-기계적 특성)

  • 김종환;이기범;황철규
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.34 no.11
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    • pp.26-34
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    • 2006
  • The thermo-mechanical analysis and test were performed for plate structure under mechanical and thermal loading conditions. Infrared heating system and hydraulic loading system were used to simulate mechanical and thermal environment for the plate structure which is similar to the fin of the airframe. Also, FEM analysis using plastic option was added to evaluate thermo-mechanical behavior. Thermo-mechanical tests were conducted at elevated temperature and rapid heating(10℃/sec) condition with external loading together. To investigate the effect of heating environment, the strength at room temperature was compared with that of elevated temperature and rapid heating condition. A methodology for test and analysis for supersonic vehicle subjected to aerodynamic loading and heating was generated through the study. These experimental and analysis results can be used for designing thermal resistance structures of the supersonic vehicle.

Performance Analysis of DSRC Transmission Efficiency at MAC Layer (MAC 계층에서의 DSRC 전송 효율 분석)

  • Kwag Su-Jin;Ahn Jin-Ho;Lee Sang-Sun
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.31 no.6B
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    • pp.527-533
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, we analyze the performance of MAC (Media Access Control) layer in DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication). It will be widely applied for ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) services; for example ETC (Electric Toll Control), BIS (Bus Information System) etc., needed to small packet size. But If ITS service is evolving to advance ITS, ADIS (Advanced Driver Information Systems) and AVHS (Advanced Vehicle Highway System) etc, be needed larger packet size. In the future, it may offer more various services such as traffic information, collection, and multimedia information. There are two kind of physical media, IR(Infrared) and RF(Radio frequency). And each system has their own protocol that is adaptive in special characteristics of physical medium for using efficiently limited radio resources. In this paper, we analyze the special characteristics of each system. And we study practical use of some related services expected to be used in the near future, by analyzing the transmission efficiency in each DSRC system.

Development of an On-line Measurement Method for Clean Biofuel Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics (근적외선 분광학과 화학계량학에 기반한 청정 바이오연료 실시간 품질 측정 기술 개발)

  • Cho, Hyeong-Su;Ryu, Jun-Hyung;Liu, J. Jay
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.215-224
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    • 2011
  • It is an important issue to develop quality assessing system for biofuel for the purpose of accelerating the mass production of biofuel. It is particularly challenging to conduct testing method in the mass production of bioethanol while meeting quality specifications such as ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D4806-10. In order to address this challenge, this paper proposes on-line spectroscopic quality assesment system based on Near Infrared spectrum and Partial Least Squares method in Chemometrics. As a result of testing a number of preprocessing methods and Partial Least Squares, it was found out that Savitzky-Golay method showed the best performance in terms of spectrum correction, noise reduction, and model maintenance. The proposed system allows us to assess multiple quality components continuously using spectroscopic facilities with the cheap cost. Since the value of R2 is more than 0.99, it is possible to replace the laboratory analysis.

A Study on Wear-type Defects of Part and Materials in Wind Power Generation (풍력발전기 부품소재의 마모결함 검출에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Sung-Hyun;Choi, Seung-Hyun;Jung, Na-Ra;Yoon, Cheon-Han;Kim, Jae-Yeol
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.989-995
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    • 2013
  • Unlike fossil-or nuclear fuel-based power generation, wind power generation using inexhaustible wind energy is a pollution-free, hazardless power generation method. In this study, ultrasound thermography is used for fabricating specimens of wind power generator bearings and wind power generator supplement flanges, and an optimally designed ultrasound horn and ultrasound excitation system are used for detecting damage to part materials of a wind power generation setup. In addition, thermal flow analysis and ultrasonic thermography imaging are comparatively analyzed for improving the detection reliability in terms of surface and internal defects of part materials and for verifying the developed system's field applicability and reliability.

Grafting of Glycidyl Methacrylate upon Coralline Hydroxyapatite in Conjugation with Demineralized Bone Matrix Using Redox Initiating System

  • Murugan, R.;Rao, K.Panduranga
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.14-18
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    • 2003
  • Grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) upon coralline hydroxyapatite in conjugation with demineralized bone matrix (CHA-DBM) using equal molar ratio of potassium persulfate/sodium metabisulfite redox initiating system was investigated in aqueous medium. The optimum reaction condition was standardized by varying the concentrations of backbone, monomer, initiator, temperature and time. The results obtained imply that the percent grafting was found to increase initially and then decrease in most of the cases. The optimum temperature and time were found to be 50 $^{\circ}C$ and 180 min, respectively, to obtain higher grafting yield. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) method were employed for the proof of grafting. The FT-IR spectrum of grafted CHA-DBM showed epoxy groups at 905 and 853 $cm^{-1}$ / and ester carbonyl group at 1731 $cm^{-1}$ / of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) in addition to the characteristic absorptions of CHA-DBM, which provides evidence of the grafting. The XRD results clearly indicated that the crystallographic structure of the grafted CHA-DBM has not changed due to the grafting reaction. Further, no phase transformation was detected by the XRD analysis, which suggests that the PGMA is grafted only on the surface of CHA-DBM backbone. The grafted CHA-DBM will have better functionality because of their surface modification and hence they may be more useful in coupling of therapeutic agents through epoxy groups apart from being used as osteogenic material.

Factors Affecting the Grafting of Aminopropyltriethoxysilane in Swelling Clay Materials (Clay의 Aminopropyltriethoxysilane 그라프트에 영향을 미치는 인자)

  • Shanmugharaj, A.W.;Lee, Kyong-Yop;Ryu, Sung-Hun
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.238-244
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    • 2006
  • Functionalization of montmorillonite clay has been done using 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane using water as a dispersing medium. Qualitative evidence of the presence or silane attached to the clay surface has been identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Increase in silane concentration decreases the adsorbed/intercalated ratio calculated using differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG). Average d-spacing calculated using X-ray diffraction initially increases with silane concentration and decreases slightly at higher silane concentration. The influence of processing temperature on the silane functionalization of clay has also been investigated and it shows that chemical grafting of silane on the clay surface is observed with increasing processing temperature.

ISM Properties and Star Formation Activities in IC 10 : 2D Cross Correlation Analysis of Multi-wavelength data

  • Kim, Seongjoong;Lee, Bumhyun;Oh, Se-Heon;Chung, Aeree;Rey, Soo-Chang;Jung, Teahyun;Kang, Miju
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.31.3-32
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    • 2015
  • We present the physical properties of star forming regions in IC 10 obtained from Korea VLBI Network (KVN) 22GHz, the Submillimeter Array (SMA) CO, Very Large Array (VLA) HI 21cm, optical (U, B, V and H-alpha), and Spitzer infrared observations. IC 10 is a nearby (~0.7Mpc) irregular blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxy which is likely to be experiencing an intense and recent burst of star formation. This nearby infant system showing high star formation rate but low metallicity (<20% of that of the Sun) provides critical environment of interstellar medium (ISM) under which current galactic star formation models are challenged. To make quantitative analysis of the ISM in the galaxy, we apply 2D cross-correlation technique to the multi-wavelength data for the first time. By cross-correlating different tracers of star formation, dust and gas phases in IC 10 in a two dimensional way, we discuss the gas properties and star formation history of the galaxy.

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