• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.375-385
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• 2008

As hotel industry lately recognize that food and drink industry produces more profits than hotel rooms, multi-various and scientific management policies are required along with the management of profitability. Particularly, as hotel services have become more alike due to the development of technology and sharing information, opportunities for differentiation have decreased. Human resource is a significant key for the hotel business as it could lead to a success or failure. It would be overwhelming for employees if they carry all the burdens on their shoulders to impress the customers and improve the service culture in this fast-changing society with different colors of human desire. Therefore, it is essential to focus on developing strategies of efficient organizational as well as human resource management, and the managerial leadership with capability of understanding the organizational structure should play the leading role, considering the specific characteristics of hotel business. The purposes of the study are transformational leadership and transactional leadership comparison analysis of hotel F&B to management strategy.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2013

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) is a proinflammatory cytokine that mediates the inflammatory response and immune functions, and modulates the proliferation, differentiation and cell death of cancer cells. The differential functions of TNF-${\alpha}$ in various human cells due to the formation of different stimulating pathway upon the binding of TNF-${\alpha}$ to its receptors. In the present study, we examined the different effects of TNF-${\alpha}$ on the survival and apoptosis between normal granulocytes and human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. Although TNF-${\alpha}$ did not affect on the constitutive apoptosis of granulocytes, TNF-${\alpha}$ strongly induced the apoptosis of HL-60 cells in a dose- and a time-dependent manner. TNF-${\alpha}$-induced apoptosis was occurred via the activation of caspase 8, caspase 9 and caspase 3/7 and the induction of ROS production in HL-60 cells. Also, BAY-11-7085, a NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitor, blocked the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. NF-${\kappa}B$ may be involved in TNF-${\alpha}$-induced apoptotic signaling pathway in HL-60 cells. These results suggest that TNF-${\alpha}$ activates apoptotic pathways and its process depends on cell type and many cellular factors. A better understanding of the differential effect of TNF-${\alpha}$ on cell apoptosis and survival may provide important information that can be used to elucidate the specific inhibitory effect of TNF-${\alpha}$ on the cancer dis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.187-195
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• 2020

This study examined the relationships between the service convenience of restaurant kiosks and customer value, satisfaction, and trust. To this end, analyses were conducted with adults aged at least 18 years throughout the country who reported that they had used restaurant kiosks at least once over the last year. Information on restaurant kiosks was provided to minimize the possibility of errors in the survey. According to the results, first, the decision-making convenience and the convenience of restaurant kiosks were shown to have significant effects on the customer value. On the other hand, the place convenience and transaction convenience had no significant effect on customer value. Second, customer value was shown to have significant effects on trust and satisfaction. Third, trust was shown to have significant effects on satisfaction. If a restaurant considers kiosks in terms of customer service convenience, not labor cost reduction, they will maintain long-term relationships and enhance their differentiation by increasing satisfaction and trust. This study aims to present differentiated marketing strategies and practical implications of restaurants that have introduced kiosks.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.192-205
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• 2017

Modern men are much more interested in their appearance than ever before, as well as showing an increased need for uniqueness in order to construct their own sphere and pursue differentiation from others. Besides, changes in life style and the aesthetic sense are causing men to pursue various kinds of clothing benefits so that they want a suit with characteristics beyond the stereotyped design and style. They have started to be actively engaged in clothing purchases, forming a driving force for the growth of the male suit market. Hence, this study has significance in that it offers data conducive to consumers' custom suit purchase by reviewing data on the present condition of the custom suit market and bespoke suits. In addition, it aims to give a summary on the theoretical bases of preceding studies, including the need for uniqueness, pursuit of clothing benefit and concern for the appearance of male consumers, as well as examining the factors that influence on their bespoke suit purchase intentions. Accordingly, this work intends to construct a basic environment for consumers to approach the custom suit market easily and pave the way for male suit markets through offering marketing data and information that is helpful for custom suit-related markets.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.406-414
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• 2020

Exporting plays the important role in reducing dependence on the domestic market by creating the new foreign markets. As a business strategy, exporting contributes to the national growth and provides firms with opportunities which enable economies of scale, economies of scope, and experience curve effects. Because of both the growth limitation of the domestic market and development of information technology, many firms enter in foreign markets by increasing exporting. Using firms located in Taegu, this study examined the factors of firms' exporting with industrial organization theory and strategic perspective. In the empirical results on industrial organization theory, systematic cooperation and governmental supporting positively affect firms' exporting and only systematic cooperation positively affects exporting performance. In the empirical results on strategic perspective, product differentiation foreign exporting network, and foreign entry nation positively affect firms' exporting, and foreign exporting network, and foreign entry nation positively affect exporting performance.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2020

Humans use insects as food and traditional medicine for many years. Hemolymph is the circulating fluid of insects and is a key component of their immune system. However, limited information is available regarding hemolymph identification, development, and differentiation, as well as the related cellular immune responses. In a previous study, hemolymph extracts prepared from Bombyx mori larvae were found to exert anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we aimed to identify and compare the antioxidant activity of immune-challenged and unchallenged B. mori hemolymph extracts in vitro. For this purpose, human epithelial Caco-2 cells were first exposed to oxidative stress and then treated with various concentrations and incubation times of either immune-challenged or unchallenged B. mori hemolymph extracts. Next, we determined the effect of treatment on the relative expression of GPX-1, SOD-1, and SOD-2 antioxidant marker genes. We found that the expression rates of the three marker genes were markedly higher at a immune-challenged hemolymph extract concentration of 80 ppm compared to those at other concentrations, and the antioxidant effects were enhanced after treatment for 48 hr. Thus, B. mori hemolymph extracts showed antioxidant activity within the limited time and dose. Especially, the immune-challenged B. mori hemolymph extracts showed higher the antioxidant activities than unchallenged one. The activity of silkworm hemolymph extracts could facilitate the development of new types of functional foods, feed additives, and biomaterials with antioxidant properties.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2004

Myostatin is a transforming growth and differentiation factor-${\beta}$ family member that acts as a negative regulator of muscle growth. Previously, mutations in the myostatin gene were known to be related to double muscling phenotypes in cattle. Because myostatin gene is highly related to muscle mass, also meat quality, in cattle, we sequenced whole myostatin mRNA and investigated the SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) in Korean cattle (Hanwoo). The results indicated that Hanwoo had an SNP in nt2385 and this mutation can be a useful marker with further verifications. We also investigated expression patterns of the myostatin gene from various muscle tissues and organs. Northern blotting results indicated that myostatin expression was restricted in muscles with variable expression levels. The results presented here can be used as a valuable information for meat quality related traits and muscle mass in cattle.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.766-775
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• 2019

This study investigated the appearance management aspects of middle-aged male CEO's based on Bourdieu's class theory. We conducted in-depth interviews with male CEOs in their 40s and 50s to understand the characteristics of appearance management in terms of economic, cultural and social capital. We found that they acquire educational capital based on their parents' economic capital and form their own cultural capital as adults. They had the characteristics of Petit Brujois, which aimed for a higher class. The characteristics of differentiation based on appearance management identified three results came from solidifying one's class position: clothing management, diversifying and upgrading appearance management, and pursuing their own ideal image. The influence of social network and cultural capital was also observed in appearance management. This study explored the characteristics of discriminatory appearance management through an in-depth study of middle-aged male CEOs as well as contributed to understanding the context of capital and appearance management by applying Bourdieu's class theory. In addition, this study provides basic data that can be referred to a design and marketing direction for the men's clothing market by providing information on male consumers with high purchasing power.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1058-1073
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• 2012

This study examines the effects of collaboration type and brand sensitivity on consumer responses toward fashion collaboration brands. For this study, six brands of fashion collaboration were selected by collaboration types: collaboration with same industry (Uniqlo-Jill Sander, H&M-Sonia Rykiel, and Levis-Jean Paul Gaultier) and collaboration with different industries (LG-Prada, Samsung-Armani, and LG-Levis). A selfadministered questionnaire was developed based on the literature that mainly included brand sensitivity, consumer response (brand association, brand values, and purchase intention), and marketing strategic elements in the context of fashion collaboration. For collecting the data, respondents were asked to choose and assess a previously purchased brand. A total of 299 usable data responses were obtained from Korean consumers aged from 15 to 40 years old. The consumer response toward the fashion collaboration brand consisted of four factors: Emotional value, perceived quality, symbolic value, and brand association. The results showed that the collaboration type had the main effect on emotional value, symbolic value, and purchase intention. Brand sensitivity had the main effect on brand association, emotional value, symbolic value, and purchase intention. There was also an interaction effect on emotional value. With respect to strategic marketing elements, product differentiation, premium pricing, and value pricing had partially positive effect on consumer responses; however, promotion had a negative effect on consumer responses (e.g., perceived quality, and emotional value). In addition, collaboration type or brand sensitivity moderated the effect of strategic marketing elements on consumer responses. This study discussed a managerial implication to develop a strategic brand alliance to manage brand equity in the fashion marketplace.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.510-522
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• 2017

To better understand the morphological variation for Perilla crop in different areas of China, we studied the morphological variation in 87 accessions (84 cultivated var. frutescens and three cultivated var. crispa) from high latitude (Northeast China) and middle latitude (North and Northwest China) areas of China by examining seven quantitative and 10 qualitative characters. Analysis of the morphological variation determined that there was significant morphological differences in five quantitative traits between cultivated var. frutescens and cultivated var. crispa, including effective number of branches (QN2), number of internodes (QN3), number of branches (QN4), length of the largest inflorescence (QN5), and days from germination to flowering (QN7). However, two quantitative traits-plant height and number of florets of the largest inflorescence-did not show any significant differences between cultivated var. frutescens and cultivated var. crispa. In addition, significant differences for six quantitative traits were found between the accessions of cultivated var. frutescens originating from high and middle latitude areas in China, which included QN2, QN3, QN5, number of florets of the largest inflorescence (QN6), and QN7. Principal components analysis (PCA) identified five quantitative characters [plant height (QN1), QN2, QN3, QN4, QN7] and six qualitative characters [fragrance of plant (QL1), color of reverse side of leaf (QL3), degree of pubescence (QL5), color of flower (QL6), shape of leaf (QL7), and hardness of seed (QL10)] that contributed to the positive direction on the first axis. The other quantitative and qualitative characters contributed to the negative direction on the first axis. Most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens and cultivated var. crispa were clearly separated by the first axis. In addition, most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens are from high latitude and middle latitude areas that were clearly separated by the first axis, except for several accessions. The findings from this study will provide useful information towards understanding the morphological variation of Perilla crop according to geographical distribution in high and middle latitude regions of China.